脂

脂 U+8102, 脂 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8102 ← 脁 [U+8101] CJK Unified Ideographs 脃 → [U+8103]

Translingual

Han character

脂 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+6, 10 strokes, Cangjie input 月心日 (BPA), four-corner 7126₁, composition ⿰月旨(GJK) or ⿰⺼旨(HT))

Derived characters

• 㴯, 𫆻

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 981, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29463
• Dae Jaweon: page 1434, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2069, character 6
• Unihan data for U+8102

Chinese

trad.		脂
simp. #		脂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 脂
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (旨) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
稽	*kiː, *kʰiːʔ
詣	*ŋɡiːs
栺	*ŋɡiːs, *kji
榰	*klje
脂	*kji
鴲	*kji, *kjis
指	*kjiʔ
旨	*kjiʔ
恉	*kjiʔ
嗜	*ɡjis
蓍	*qʰlji
鰭	*ɡri
耆	*ɡri
鮨	*ɡri
鬐	*ɡri

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kji): semantic 月 (“meat”) + phonetic 旨 (OC *kjiʔ).

Etymology

It is thought to descend from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsil (“fat, grease”), although the initial does not match the one of the Old Chinese reconstructions (Matisoff, STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhī, zhǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄓ, ㄓˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zi¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ̂
• Eastern Min (BUC): ciĕ
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zi¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chi / chí

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zin¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹tsy / ¹tsyu
  • (Jinhua): ¹tsy

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhī
    • Zhuyin: ㄓ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhih
    • Wade–Giles: chih¹
    • Yale: jr̄
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jy
    • Palladius: чжи (čži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɻ̩⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄓˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhǐh
    • Wade–Giles: chih³
    • Yale: jř
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyy
    • Palladius: чжи (čži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɻ̩²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zi¹
    • Yale: jī
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzi¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ji¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ̂
    • Hakka Romanization System: zii^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zi¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ciĕ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sie⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: zi¹
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ci
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: zi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si⁵⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chi
    • Tâi-lô: tsi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cy
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡si³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡si⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chí
    • Tâi-lô: tsí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cie
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡si⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡si⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zin¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sĩ³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ¹tsy
    • MiniDict: tsy^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tsr
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sɹ̩⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /t͡sɹ̩⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /t͡sɹ̩⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /t͡sɹ̩⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /t͡sɹ̩⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /t͡sɹ̩⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡sɹ̩³³⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /t͡sɹ̩⁵²/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡sɹ̩⁵²/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /t͡sɹ̩⁵³/
  • (Northern: Suzhou, Kunshan)
    • Wugniu: ¹tsyu
    • MiniDict: tsyu^平
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sɹ̩ʷ⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kunshan): /t͡sɹ̩ʷ⁵⁵/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ¹tsy
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /t͡sɹ̩³³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsyij

Rime
Character	脂
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	旨夷切
Baxter	tsyij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕi/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ci/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕi/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕi/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kij/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kji/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	脂
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhī
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyij ›
Old Chinese	/*kij/
English	fat, grease
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	脂
Reading #	1/1
No.	17322
Phonetic component	旨
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	脂
Old Chinese	/*kji/

Definitions

脂

1. fat; grease; lard

   • 手如柔荑，膚如凝脂。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     手如柔荑，肤如凝脂。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Shǒu rú róu tí, fū rú níng zhī. [Pinyin]

     Her fingers were like the blades of the young white-grass;
     Her skin was like congealed ointment;

2. short for 胭脂 (yānzhi, “rouge”)

   脂粉  ―  zhīfěn  ―  rouge and powder

Compounds

• 不施脂粉
• 乳脂湯 / 乳脂汤
• 低脂
• 全脂奶粉
• 六朝脂粉
• 凝脂 (níngzhī)
• 卵磷脂 (luǎnlínzhī)
• 口脂
• 合成樹脂 / 合成树脂
• 塗脂抹粉 / 涂脂抹粉
• 抹粉施脂
• 掠脂斡肉
• 搽脂抹粉
• 擦脂抹粉
• 松脂 (sōngzhī)
• 松脂石
• 樹脂 / 树脂 (shùzhī)
• 民脂民膏 (mínzhīmíngāo)
• 民膏民脂
• 氟樹脂 / 氟树脂
• 油脂 (yóuzhī)
• 燕脂
• 瓊脂 / 琼脂 (qióngzhī)
• 畫脂鏤冰 / 画脂镂冰
• 皮脂 (pízhī)
• 皮脂腺 (pízhīxiàn)
• 石脂
• 硬脂
• 硬脂酸 (yìngzhīsuān)
• 磷脂質 / 磷脂质
• 礦脂 / 矿脂 (kuàngzhī)
• 羊毛脂 (yángmáozhī)
• 羊脂玉
• 羊脂白
• 脂油 (zhīyóu)
• 脂澤 / 脂泽
• 脂粉 (zhīfěn)
• 脂粉小說 / 脂粉小说
• 脂粉氣 / 脂粉气 (zhīfěnqì)
• 脂肽 (zhītài)
• 脂肪 (zhīfáng)
• 脂肪瘤 (zhīfángliú)
• 脂肪腺
• 脂肪酸 (zhīfángsuān)
• 胭脂
• 胭脂井
• 胭脂花粉
• 胭脂虎
• 胰脂酶
• 脂腴
• 脂膏 (zhīgāo)
• 脂膏不潤 / 脂膏不润
• 脂膘
• 脂韋 / 脂韦
• 脂鯉 / 脂鲤 (zhīlǐ)
• 脂麻
• 脣脂 / 唇脂
• 脫脂 / 脱脂 (tuōzhī)
• 脫脂奶粉 / 脱脂奶粉
• 脫脂棉 / 脱脂棉
• 脣若塗脂 / 唇若涂脂 (chúnruòtúzhī)
• 脣若施脂 / 唇若施脂
• 腸脂垂 / 肠脂垂 (chángzhīchuí)
• 血脂肪
• 赤石脂 (chìshízhī)
• 軟脂酸 / 软脂酸 (ruǎnzhīsuān)
• 飽和脂肪 / 饱和脂肪 (bǎohé zhīfáng)
• 魚石脂 / 鱼石脂
• 鵝脂 / 鹅脂

References

• “脂”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

脂

(Jōyō kanji)

1. fat

Readings

• Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kun: あぶら (abura, 脂, Jōyō)、やに (yani, 脂)、あぶらぎる (aburagiru, 脂ぎる)

Compounds

• 牛(ぎゅう)脂(し) (gyūshi): tallow of cow
• 脂(し)肪(ぼう) (shibō): fat
• 松(まつ)脂(やに) (matsuyani), 松(しょう)脂(し) (shōshi): pine resin
• 獣(じゅう)脂(し) (jūshi): tallow
• 豚(とん)脂(し) (tonshi): lard
• 皮(ひ)脂(し) (hishi): sebum
• 雲(ふ)脂(け) (fuke): dandruff

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
脂
あぶら Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 脂 – see the following entry.

【あぶら】 [noun] fat [noun] skin oil

(This term, 脂, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
脂
やに Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 脂 – see the following entry.

【やに】 [noun] resin [noun] tar (byproduct of tobacco smoke) [noun] rheum Alternative spelling 膠

(This term, 脂, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

• “^△脂”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 脂 (MC tsyij).

Historical readings

• Recorded as Middle Korean 징〯 (Yale: cǐG) in Gugeupbangeonhae (救急方諺解 / 구급방언해), 1466.

Hanja

脂 (eum 지 (ji))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

脂: Hán Nôm readings: chi, chỉ, mạnh

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.