脂

脂 U+8102, 脂 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8102 ← 脁 [U+8101] CJK Unified Ideographs 脃 → [U+8103]

Translingual

Han character

脂 (radical 130, 肉+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 月心日 (BPA), four-corner 7126₁, composition ⿰月旨(GJK) or ⿰⺼旨(HT))

Derived characters

• 㴯, 𫆻

References

• KangXi: page 981, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29463
• Dae Jaweon: page 1434, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2069, character 6
• Unihan data for U+8102

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		脂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 脂
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (旨) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
稽	*kiː, *kʰiːʔ
詣	*ŋɡiːs
栺	*ŋɡiːs, *kji
榰	*klje
脂	*kji
鴲	*kji, *kjis
指	*kjiʔ
旨	*kjiʔ
恉	*kjiʔ
嗜	*ɡjis
蓍	*qʰlji
鰭	*ɡri
耆	*ɡri
鮨	*ɡri
鬐	*ɡri

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kji): semantic 月 (“meat”) + phonetic 旨 (OC *kjiʔ).

Etymology

It is thought to descend from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsil (“fat, grease”), although the initial does not match the one of the Old Chinese reconstruction (Matisoff, STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhī, zhǐ (zhi¹, zhi³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓ, ㄓˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zi¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ̂
• Min Dong (BUC): ciĕ
• Min Nan (POJ): chi / chí
• Wu (Wiktionary): tsr (T1)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: zhī
    • Zhuyin: ㄓ
    • Wade–Giles: chih¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jy
    • IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
      
  • (nonstandard or dialectal)⁺
    • Pinyin: zhǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄓˇ
    • Wade–Giles: chih³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyy
    • IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zi¹
    • Yale: jī
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzi¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ji¹
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡siː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ̂
    • Hakka Romanization System: zii´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zi¹
    • IPA: /t͡sɨ²⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ciĕ
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sie⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chi
    • Tâi-lô: tsi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cy
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕi³³/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chí
    • Tâi-lô: tsí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cie
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕi⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕi⁵³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: tsr (T1)
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕiɪ/▼

Rime
Character	脂
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	旨夷切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕi/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ci/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕi/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕi/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhī

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kij/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kji/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	脂
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhī
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyij ›
Old Chinese	/*kij/
English	fat, grease
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	脂
Reading #	1/1
No.	17322
Phonetic component	旨
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	脂
Old Chinese	/*kji/

Definitions

脂

1. fat; grease; lard
2. Short for 胭脂 (yānzhī, “rouge”).

Compounds

• 不施脂粉
• 乳脂湯／乳脂汤
• 低脂
• 全脂奶粉
• 六朝脂粉
• 凝脂 (níngzhī)
• 卵磷脂 (luǎnlínzhī)
• 口脂
• 合成樹脂／合成树脂
• 塗脂抹粉／涂脂抹粉
• 抹粉施脂
• 掠脂斡肉
• 搽脂抹粉
• 擦脂抹粉
• 松脂 (sōngzhī)
• 松脂石
• 樹脂／树脂 (shùzhī)
• 民脂民膏 (mínzhīmíngāo)
• 民膏民脂
• 氟樹脂／氟树脂
• 油脂 (yóuzhī)
• 燕脂

• 瓊脂／琼脂 (qióngzhī)
• 畫脂鏤冰／画脂镂冰
• 皮脂 (pízhī)
• 皮脂腺 (pízhīxiàn)
• 石脂
• 硬脂
• 硬脂酸 (yìngzhīsuān)
• 磷脂質／磷脂质
• 礦脂／矿脂 (kuàngzhī)
• 羊毛脂
• 羊脂玉
• 羊脂白
• 胭脂 (yānzhī)
• 胭脂井
• 胭脂花粉
• 胭脂虎
• 胰脂酶
• 脂油 (zhīyóu)
• 脂澤／脂泽
• 脂粉 (zhīfěn)
• 脂粉小說／脂粉小说
• 脂粉氣／脂粉气

• 脂肪 (zhīfáng)
• 脂肪瘤
• 脂肪腺
• 脂肪酸 (zhīfángsuān)
• 脂腴
• 脂膏 (zhīgāo)
• 脂膏不潤／脂膏不润
• 脂膘
• 脂韋／脂韦
• 脂麻
• 脣脂／唇脂
• 脣若塗脂／唇若涂脂 (chúnruòtúzhī)
• 脣若施脂／唇若施脂
• 脫脂／脱脂 (tuōzhī)
• 脫脂奶粉／脱脂奶粉
• 脫脂棉／脱脂棉
• 血脂肪
• 赤石脂 (chìshízhī)
• 軟脂酸／软脂酸 (ruǎnzhīsuān)
• 飽和脂肪／饱和脂肪 (bǎohé zhīfáng)
• 魚石脂／鱼石脂
• 鵝脂／鹅脂

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Japanese

Kanji

脂

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. fat

Readings

• Goon: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kan’on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kun: あぶら (abura, 脂, Jōyō); やに (yani, 脂)

Compounds

Compounds

• 牛 (ぎゅう)脂 (し) (gyūshi): tallow of cow
• 脂 (し)肪 (ぼう) (shibō): fat
• 松脂 (まつやに) (matsuyani), 松 (しょう)脂 (し) (shōshi): pine resin
• 獣 (じゅう)脂 (し) (jūshi): tallow
• 豚 (とん)脂 (し) (tonshi): lard
• 皮 (ひ)脂 (し) (hishi): sebum
• 雲 (ふ)脂 (け) (fuke): dandruff

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
脂
あぶら Grade: S
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) あぶら [àbúrá] (Heiban – [0])
  • IPA^(key): [a̠bɯ̟ᵝɾa̠]

Noun

脂 (hiragana あぶら, rōmaji abura)

1. fat

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
脂
やに Grade: S
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) やに​ [yàníꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
  • IPA^(key): [ja̠ɲ̟i]

Noun

脂 (hiragana やに, rōmaji yani)

1. resin
2. tar (byproduct of tobacco smoke)
3. rheum

Synonyms

• (rheum): 目脂 (めやに) (meyani)

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Korean

Hanja

脂 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• KangXi: page 981, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29463
• Dae Jaweon: page 1434, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2069, character 6
• Unihan data for U+8102

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Vietnamese

Han character

脂 (chi, chỉ, mạnh)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.