凝脂

Chinese

		congeal; concentrate attention	fat
trad. (凝脂)		凝	脂
simp. #(凝脂)		凝	脂

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): níngzhī, níngzhǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄓ, ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄓˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jing⁴ zi¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: níngzhī
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄓ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: níngjhih
    • Wade–Giles: ning²-chih¹
    • Yale: níng-jr̄
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ningjy
    • Palladius: нинчжи (ninčži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /niŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: níngzhǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄓˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: níngjhǐh
    • Wade–Giles: ning²-chih³
    • Yale: níng-jř
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ningjyy
    • Palladius: нинчжи (ninčži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /niŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jing⁴ zi¹
    • Yale: yìhng jī
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jing⁴ dzi¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ying⁴ ji¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: nging tsyij

Rime
Character	凝	脂
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	魚陵切	旨夷切
Baxter	nging	tsyij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨŋ/	/t͡ɕiɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋɨŋ/	/t͡ɕi/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋieŋ/	/t͡ɕjɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋiŋ/	/ci/
Li Rong	/ŋiəŋ/	/t͡ɕi/
Wang Li	/ŋĭəŋ/	/t͡ɕi/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯əŋ/	/t͡ɕi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yíng	zhī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jing4	zi1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ](r)əŋ  kij/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋrɯŋ  kji/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	凝	脂
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	níng	zhī
Middle Chinese	‹ nging ›	‹ tsyij ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ](r)əŋ/ (< uvular?)	/*kij/
English	freeze, coagulate	fat, grease
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	凝	脂
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	14902	17322
Phonetic component	疑	旨
Rime group	蒸	脂
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	凝	脂
Old Chinese	/*ŋrɯŋ/	/*kji/

Noun

凝脂

1. (literary) congealed fat

   • 手如柔荑。膚如凝脂。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     手如柔荑。肤如凝脂。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Shǒu rú róutí. Fū rú níngzhī. [Pinyin]

     Her fingers were like the blades of the young white-grass;
     Her skin was like congealed ointment;

2. (literary, figurative) white and smooth skin or implement surface

   • 溫泉水滑洗凝脂 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     温泉水滑洗凝脂 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: 806 CE, Bai Juyi, Song of Everlasting Regret

     wēnquán shuǐ huá xǐ níngzhī [Pinyin]

     The waters of the hot springs were smooth, and washed over her pale white skin.

Derived terms

• 凝脂翳
• 凝脂點漆／凝脂点漆
• 膚如凝脂／肤如凝脂
• 面如凝脂