凝脂

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Chinese[edit]

		congeal; concentrate attention	fat
trad. (凝脂)		凝	脂
simp. ^#(凝脂)		凝	脂

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): níngzhī, níngzhǐ

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄓ, ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄓˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jing⁴ zi¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: níngzhī
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄓ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: níngjhih
  - Wade–Giles: ning²-chih¹
  - Yale: níng-jr̄
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ningjy
  - Palladius: нинчжи (ninčži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /niŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: níngzhǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄓˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: níngjhǐh
  - Wade–Giles: ning²-chih³
  - Yale: níng-jř
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ningjyy
  - Palladius: нинчжи (ninčži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /niŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jing⁴ zi¹
  - Yale: yìhng jī
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jing⁴ dzi¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ying⁴ ji¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: nging tsyij

Rime
Character	凝	脂
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	魚陵切	旨夷切
Baxter	nging	tsyij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨŋ/	/t͡ɕiɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋɨŋ/	/t͡ɕi/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋieŋ/	/t͡ɕjɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋiŋ/	/ci/
Li Rong	/ŋiəŋ/	/t͡ɕi/
Wang Li	/ŋĭəŋ/	/t͡ɕi/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯əŋ/	/t͡ɕi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yíng	zhī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jing⁴	zi¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ](r)əŋ kij/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋrɯŋ kji/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	凝	脂
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	níng	zhī
Middle Chinese	‹ nging ›	‹ tsyij ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ](r)əŋ/ (< uvular?)	/*kij/
English	freeze, coagulate	fat, grease
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	凝	脂
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	14902	17322
Phonetic component	疑	旨
Rime group	蒸	脂
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	凝	脂
Old Chinese	/*ŋrɯŋ/	/*kji/

Noun[edit]

凝脂

(literary) congealed fat
- 手如柔荑。膚如凝脂。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  手如柔荑。肤如凝脂。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Shǒu rú róutí. Fū rú níngzhī. [Pinyin]
  Her fingers were like the blades of the young white-grass;
  Her skin was like congealed ointment;
(literary, figurative) white and smooth skin or implement surface
- 溫泉水滑洗凝脂 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  温泉水滑洗凝脂 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  From: 806 CE, Bai Juyi, Song of Everlasting Regret
  wēnquán shuǐ huá xǐ níngzhī [Pinyin]
  The waters of the hot springs were smooth, and washed over her pale white skin.

Derived terms[edit]

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