魚
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Translingual[edit]
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Han character[edit]
魚 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓田火 (NWF), four-corner 27336, composition ⿳⺈田灬)
- Kangxi radical #195, ⿂.
Derived characters[edit]
- Appendix:Chinese radical/魚
- 𠽐, 𡐚, 𡠵, 𢐗, 𢠐, 𢳶, 漁, 𣊘, 龽, 䐳, 䁩, 𣩕, 𮃣, 䗨, 𨢭, 𠓈, 𨫷, 𩥭
- 𫑨, 穌, 䔡, 𪽟, 𩅔, 𢊧, 𤹿, 𫊣, 𢖍, 𨶢, 𪗏, 𭍯, 㱎
Related characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 1465, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45956
- Dae Jaweon: page 1998, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4674, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9B5A
Chinese[edit]
trad. | 魚 | |
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simp. | 鱼 | |
alternative forms | 𤉯 𤋳 𩵋 𮫬 |
Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 魚 | |||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (象形) – a fish.
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋja. Cognate with 漁 (OC *ŋa, “to fish”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
魚
- fish (Classifier: 條/条 m c; 尾 m h mn)
- fish (as a food)
- (~日) (telegraphy) the sixth day of a month
- † Alternative form of 漁/渔 (yú).
- † Alternative form of 吾 (OC *ŋaː).
- a surname
Synonyms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- “魚”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #8109”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: ご (go)
- Kan-on: ぎょ (gyo, Jōyō)←ぎよ (gyo, historical)
- Kun: うお (uo, 魚, Jōyō)←うを (wo, 魚, historical); さかな (sakana, 魚, Jōyō)
- Nanori: い (i); いお (io)←いを (iwo, historical); お (o)←を (wo, historical); な (na)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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魚 |
うお Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |

/uwo/ → /uo/
From Old Japanese.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a fish
Derived terms[edit]
- 魚市場 (uo ichiba, “fish market”)
- 魚河岸 (uogashi, “riverside fish market”)
- 魚心 (uogokoro)
- うお座 (Uo-za)
- 魚印 (uojirushi)
- 魚釣り (uotsuri)
- 魚屋 (uoya)
- 青魚 (aōo)
- 活け魚 (ikeuo, “live fish and shellfish kept in a tank in a restaurant”)
- 海魚 (umiuo)
- 大魚 (ōuo)
- 鰹 (katsuo)
- 雷魚 (kaminariuo)
- 川魚 (kawauo, “river fish; freshwater fish”)
- 氷の魚 (kōri no uo)
- 山椒魚 (sanshōuo)
- 白魚 (shirauo, “icefish”)
- 棘魚 (togeuo, “stickleback fish”)
- 飛び魚 (tobiuo, “flying fish”)
- 針魚 (hariuo), 針魚 (hario)
- 針魚 (hariyo)
Idioms[edit]
Proverbs[edit]
- 魚の釜中に遊ぶが若し (uo no fuchū ni asobu ga gotoshi)
- 魚の目に水見えず (uo no me ni mizu miezu)
- 魚は鯛 (uo wa tai)
- 魚を得て筌を忘る (uo o ete uke o wasuru)
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
魚 |
いお Grade: 2 |
irregular |
/uwo/ → /iwo/ → /io/
Alteration of older uo, appearing from roughly the Heian period.
Still used today in some dialects.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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魚 |
さかな Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |

Cognate with 肴 (sakana, “side dish of meat or vegetables usually served with alcoholic beverages”), itself a compound of Old Japanese-derived elements 酒 (saka, unbound apophonic form of sake2, “alcoholic beverage, especially sake”) + 肴, 菜, 魚 (na, “generic term for a side dish, especially vegetables, fish, or other meat”).[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a fish, especially when used as food
- 庭で美味しい魚を食べた。
- Niwa de oishii sakana o tabeta.
- I ate a delicious fish in the garden.
- 2000 January 27, “レインボー・フィッシュ [Rainbow Fish]”, in Vol.7, Konami:
- 世にも珍しい七色の魚。捕まえるのはかなり難しい。
- Yonimo mezurashii nanairo no sakana. Tsukamaeru no wa kanari muzukashii.
- An extremely rare seven-colored fish. It is quite difficult to catch.
- 世にも珍しい七色の魚。捕まえるのはかなり難しい。
- 2011 May 14, “半魚獣・フィッシャービースト [Semi-Ichthyobestia Fisherbeast]”, in Beginner's Edition 1, Konami:
- 陸では獣のように、海では魚のように素早く攻撃する。
- Riku de wa kemono no yō ni, umi de wa sakana no yō ni subayaku kōgeki suru.
- Like a beast on land, like a fish in the sea, he attacks swiftly.
- 陸では獣のように、海では魚のように素早く攻撃する。
- 庭で美味しい魚を食べた。
- a side dish, specifically referring to fish
- Synonym: お菜 (okazu)
Usage notes[edit]
This is now the most common general word for fish in modern standard Japanese.
Derived terms[edit]
- 青魚 (aozakana)
- 生き魚 (ikizakana)
- 川魚 (kawazakana)
- 小魚 (kozakana)
- 下魚 (gezakana, “inferior fish, cheap fish”)
- 魚釣り (sakanatsuri)
- 魚屋 (sakanaya, “fishmonger, fish store/shop”)
- 魚河岸 (sakanagashi, “riverside fish market”)
- 塩魚 (shiozakana)
- 年取り魚 (toshitorizakana)
- 生魚 (namazakana)
- 煮魚 (nizakana)
- 干魚 (hizakana)
- 焼き魚 (yakizakana)
Etymology 4[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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魚 |
ぎょ Grade: 2 |
kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 魚 (MC ŋɨʌ).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Affix[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- 魚影 (gyoei)
- 魚塩 (gyoen)
- 魚価 (gyoka)
- 魚介 (gyokai)
- 魚目 (gyomoku)
- 魚綾 (gyoryū)
- 魚綾 (gyoryō), 魚陵 (gyoryō), 魚竜 (gyoryō)
- 魚鱗 (gyorin)
- 魚類 (gyorui)
- 海魚 (kaigyo)
- 活魚 (katsugyo)
- 乾魚 (kangyo)
- 金魚 (kingyo)
- 水魚 (suigyo)
- 成魚 (seigyo)
- 鮮魚 (sengyo)
- 大魚 (taigyo)
- 稚魚 (chigyo)
- 人魚 (ningyo)
- 白魚 (hakugyo)
- 木魚 (mokugyo)
- 養魚 (yōgyo)
- 熱帯魚 (nettaigyo)
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 魚 (MC ŋɨʌ).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅌᅥᆼ (Yale: ngè) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | 고기〮 (Yale: kwòkí) | 어 (Yale: è) |
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ʌ̹]
- Phonetic hangul: [어]
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
- 飛魚 (tubū)
Etymology 1[edit]
/ʔiu/ → /ʔiːu/ → /ʔiju/
Shift from iu below.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
魚 (iyu)
- a fish
- 魚取いが行ちゅん。
- Iyu tuiga ichun.
- I will go catch a fish.
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Cognate with Old Japanese 魚 (uwo).
Compare modern dialectal mainland Japanese 魚 (io), first appearing in print and becoming common from the Heian period, but likely extant earlier.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
魚 (iu)
- a fish
References[edit]
- “いう・いゆ【魚】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
Old Japanese[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun[edit]
魚 (uwo) (kana うを)
- a fish
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Japanese: 魚 (uo, io)
Etymology 2[edit]
Cognate with 肴 (na, “side dish”),[1][2][3] by extension that can refer to any kind of meat.
Noun[edit]
魚 (na) (kana な)
- a fish, especially when used as food
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 5, poem 869, first variant), text here
- 多良志比賣可尾能美許等能奈都良須等美多多志世利斯 伊志遠多礼美吉
- tarasi pi1me1 kami2 no2 mi-ko2to2 no2 na turasu to2 mi1-tatasi serisi isi wo tare mi1ki1
- Who saw the rock that rose up against us as we tried to catch the fish [or “catching sweetfishes”] belonging to the empress?
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 5, poem 869, first variant), text here
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Japanese: 魚 (sakana)
References[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
魚: Hán Việt readings: ngư (
魚: Nôm readings: ngơ[1][2][3][4], ngư[1][2][3], ngớ[1][4], ngừ[3][4]
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Trần (2004).
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hồ (1976).
Yonaguni[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Yoron[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Noun[edit]
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