魚

Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 鱼, 漁, and 鱻
魚 U+9B5A, 魚
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B5A
← 魙
[U+9B59] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 魛 →
[U+9B5B]
⿂ U+2FC2, ⿂
KANGXI RADICAL FISH
← ⿁
[U+2FC1] 		Kangxi Radicals ⿃ →
[U+2FC3]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
11 strokes
Stroke order (Japan)
11 strokes
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

See images of
Radical 195 魚

魚 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓田火 (NWF), four-corner 27336, composition ⿳⺈田灬)

  1. Kangxi radical #195, ⿂.

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1465, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45956
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1998, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4674, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9B5A

Chinese[edit]

trad. 魚
simp. 鱼
alternative forms 𤉯
𤋳
𩵋
𮫬
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 魚
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (魚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蘇 *sŋaː
穌 *sŋaː
魚 *ŋa
漁 *ŋa
䱷 *ŋa

Pictogram (象形) – a fish.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋja. Cognate with 漁 (OC *ŋa, “to fish”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: ngui3-4* - standalone word for "fish".
Note:
  • hî/hû/hîr - vernacular;
  • gû/gîr/gî - literary.
Note:
  • he5 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
  • hu5 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.
  • Wu
    • Note: 3hhy is literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 魚
    Mandarin Beijing /y³⁵/
    Harbin /y²⁴/
    Tianjin /y⁴⁵/
    Jinan /y⁴²/
    Qingdao /y⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /y⁴²/
    Xi'an /y²⁴/
    Xining /y²⁴/
    Yinchuan /y⁵³/
    Lanzhou /y⁵³/
    Ürümqi /y⁵¹/
    Wuhan /y²¹³/
    Chengdu /y³¹/
    Guiyang /i²¹/
    Kunming /i³¹/
    Nanjing /y²⁴/
    Hefei /zz̩ʷ⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /y¹¹/
    Pingyao /ȵy¹³/
    Hohhot /y³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /ŋ̍²³/
    /ɦy²³/
    Suzhou /ɦy¹³/
    /ŋ¹³/
    Hangzhou /ɦz̩ʷ²¹³/
    Wenzhou /ŋøy³¹/
    Hui Shexian /ny⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /ȵy⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /y¹³/
    Xiangtan /y¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /ȵie⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /n̩¹¹/
    Taoyuan /ŋ̍¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /jy²¹/
    Nanning /y²¹/
    Hong Kong /jy²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /gu³⁵/
    /hi³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ŋy⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ŋy³³/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /hɯ⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /zi³¹/
    /hu³¹/
    Rime
    Character 魚
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
    Final (韻) 魚 (22)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 語居切
    Baxter ngjo
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ŋɨʌ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ŋiɔ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ŋiɔ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ŋɨə̆/
    Li
    Rong         		/ŋiɔ/
    Wang
    Li         		/ŋĭo/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ŋi̯wo/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yú
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jyu4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 魚
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yú
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ngjo ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[r.ŋ]a/
    English fish (n.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 魚
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 15939
    Phonetic
    component         		魚
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		魚
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ŋa/

    Definitions[edit]

    魚

    1. fish (Classifier: 條／条 m c; 尾 m h mn)
    2. fish (as a food)
    3. (～日) (telegraphy) the sixth day of a month
    4. † Alternative form of 漁／渔 (yú).
    5. † Alternative form of 吾 (OC *ŋaː).
    6. a surname

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 魚 (“fish”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 魚
    Mandarin Beijing 魚
    Taiwan 魚
    Yantai (Muping) 魚
    Jinan 魚
    Luoyang 魚
    Wanrong 魚
    Xi'an 魚
    Yinchuan 魚
    Lanzhou 魚兒
    Xining 魚兒, 魚娃兒
    Ürümqi 魚
    Wuhan 魚
    Chengdu 魚, 擺尾子
    Guiyang 魚
    Guilin 魚
    Liuzhou 魚
    Xuzhou 魚
    Yangzhou 魚
    Nanjing 魚
    Hefei 魚
    Singapore 魚
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 魚
    Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 魚
    Cantonese Guangzhou 魚
    Hong Kong 魚
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 魚
    Macau 魚
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 魚
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 魚
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 魚
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 魚
    Foshan 魚
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 魚
    Foshan (Shunde) 魚
    Foshan (Sanshui) 魚
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 魚
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 魚
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 魚
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 魚
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 魚
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 魚
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 魚
    Taishan 魚
    Kaiping (Chikan) 魚
    Enping (Niujiang) 魚
    Heshan (Yayao) 魚
    Dongguan 魚
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 魚
    Yangjiang 魚
    Singapore (Guangfu) 魚
    Gan Nanchang 魚
    Lichuan 魚
    Pingxiang 魚仔, 魚
    Hakka Meixian 魚仔, 魚
    Dabu (Xihe) 魚仔
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 魚
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 魚
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 魚
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 魚
    Wuhua (Shuizhai) 魚
    Wuhua (Huacheng) 魚哩
    Wuhua (Changbu) 魚哩
    Wuhua (Mianyang) 魚哩
    Conghua (Lütian) 魚
    Jiexi 魚
    Luhe 魚
    Changting 魚
    Yongding 魚
    Yongding (Xiayang) 魚
    Yongding (Gaobei) 魚
    Yongding (Hukeng) 魚
    Wuping (Zhongshan) 魚
    Liancheng (Peitian) 魚
    Liancheng (Zhongbao) 魚
    Yudu 魚子, 魚
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 魚仔
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 魚仔
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 魚仔
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 魚
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 魚仔, 魚
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 魚
    Sabah (Longchuan) 魚
    Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 魚
    Bangkok (Meixian) 魚仔
    Bangkok (Fengshun) 魚
    Huizhou Jixi 魚
    Jin Taiyuan 魚
    Xinzhou 魚兒
    Min Bei Jian'ou 魚
    Min Dong Fuzhou 魚
    Min Nan Xiamen 魚
    New Taipei (Tamsui) 魚
    New Taipei (Pingxi) 魚
    Kaohsiung (Cijin) 魚
    Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 魚
    Yilan (Toucheng) 魚
    Tainan 魚
    Tainan (Anping) 魚
    Penghu (Xiyu) 魚
    Singapore (Hokkien) 魚
    Chaozhou 魚
    Singapore (Teochew) 魚
    Leizhou 魚
    Haikou 魚
    Singapore (Hainanese) 魚
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 魚
    Sanxiang 魚
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 魚
    Wu Shanghai 魚, 啊魚
    Shanghai (Chongming) 魚
    Suzhou 魚
    Danyang 魚
    Hangzhou 魚
    Wenzhou 魚
    Xiang Changsha 魚
    Shuangfeng 魚

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 魚

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (魚):
    • → Japanese: 魚(ぎょ) (gyo)
    • → Korean: 어(魚) (eo)
    • → Vietnamese: ngư (魚)

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja

    Kanji[edit]

    魚

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    魚
    うお
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi
    魚 (uo): a fish

    /uwo/ → /uo/

    From Old Japanese.[1]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    魚(うお) • (uo) ←うを (wo)?

    1. a fish
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms
    Idioms[edit]
    Idioms
    Proverbs[edit]
    Proverbs

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    魚
    いお
    Grade: 2
    irregular

    /uwo/ → /iwo/ → /io/

    Alteration of older uo, appearing from roughly the Heian period.

    Still used today in some dialects.[1]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    魚(いお) • (io) ←いを (iwo)?

    1. (archaic or dialectal, Kagoshima) a fish
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    魚
    さかな
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi
    魚 (sakana): a fish used as a side dish

    Cognate with 肴 (sakana, “side dish of meat or vegetables usually served with alcoholic beverages”), itself a compound of Old Japanese-derived elements 酒 (saka, unbound apophonic form of sake2, “alcoholic beverage, especially sake”) +‎ 肴, 菜, 魚 (na, “generic term for a side dish, especially vegetables, fish, or other meat”).[1]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    魚(さかな) • (sakana) 

    1. a fish, especially when used as food
      庭(にわ)で美(お)味(い)しい魚(さかな)を食(た)べた。
      Niwa de oishii sakana o tabeta.
      I ate a delicious fish in the garden.
      • 2000 January 27, “レインボー・フィッシュ [Rainbow Fish]”, in Vol.7, Konami:
        世(よ)にも珍(めずら)しい七(なな)色(いろ)の魚(さかな)。捕(つか)まえるのはかなり難(むずか)しい。
        Yonimo mezurashii nanairo no sakana. Tsukamaeru no wa kanari muzukashii.
        An extremely rare seven-colored fish. It is quite difficult to catch.
      • 2011 May 14, “半(はん)魚(ぎょ)獣(じゅう)・フィッシャービースト [Semi-Ichthyobestia Fisherbeast]”, in Beginner's Edition 1, Konami:
        陸(りく)では獣(けもの)のように、海(うみ)では魚(さかな)のように素(す)早(ばや)く攻(こう)撃(げき)する。
        Riku de wa kemono no yō ni, umi de wa sakana no yō ni subayaku kōgeki suru.
        Like a beast on land, like a fish in the sea, he attacks swiftly.
    2. a side dish, specifically referring to fish
      Synonym: お菜 (okazu)
    Usage notes[edit]

    This is now the most common general word for fish in modern standard Japanese.

    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    魚
    ぎょ
    Grade: 2
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese 魚 (MC ŋɨʌ).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    魚(ぎょ) • (gyo) 

    1. a fish
    2. Short for 魚鱗 (gyorin): fish scales

    Affix[edit]

    魚(ぎょ) • (gyo) 

    1. fish
    2. fishlike
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 魚 (MC ŋɨʌ).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅌᅥᆼ (Yale: ngè)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 고기〮 (Yale: kwòkí) 어 (Yale: è)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    魚 (eumhun 물고기 어 (mulgogi eo))

    1. Hanja form? of 어 (“fish”). [affix]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    Okinawan[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    魚

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    /ʔiu/ → /ʔiːu/ → /ʔiju/

    Shift from iu below.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    魚(いゆ) (iyu) 

    1. a fish
      魚(いゆ)取(とぅ)いが行(い)ちゅん。
      Iyu tuiga ichun.
      I will go catch a fish.
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Cognate with Old Japanese 魚 (uwo).

    Compare modern dialectal mainland Japanese 魚 (io), first appearing in print and becoming common from the Heian period, but likely extant earlier.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    魚(いう) (iu) 

    1. a fish

    References[edit]

    1. ^ Okinawan Dictionary Data Collection

    Old Japanese[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Noun[edit]

    魚 (uwo) (kana うを)

    1. a fish
    Derived terms[edit]
    Descendants[edit]
    • Japanese: 魚 (uo, io)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Cognate with 肴 (na, “side dish”),[1][2][3] by extension that can refer to any kind of meat.

    Noun[edit]

    魚 (na) (kana な)

    1. a fish, especially when used as food
      • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 5, poem 869, first variant), text here
        多良志比賣可尾能美許等能奈都良須等美多多志世利斯 伊志遠多礼美吉
        tarasi pi1me1 kami2 no2 mi-ko2to2 no2 na turasu to2 mi1-tatasi serisi isi wo tare mi1ki1
        Who saw the rock that rose up against us as we tried to catch the fish [or “catching sweetfishes”] belonging to the empress?
    Derived terms[edit]
    Descendants[edit]
    • Japanese: 魚 (sakana)

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    2. ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    3. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    魚: Hán Việt readings: ngư (語(ngữ)居(cư)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
    魚: Nôm readings: ngơ[1][2][3][4], ngư[1][2][3], ngớ[1][4], ngừ[3][4]

    1. chữ Hán form of ngư (“fish”).

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hồ (1976).

    Yonaguni[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    魚 (hiragana いゆ, romaji iyu)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    魚 (hiragana いゆ, romaji iyu)

    1. fish

    Derived terms[edit]

    Yoron[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    魚 (hiragana っゆー, romaji 'yū)

    Noun[edit]

    魚 (hiragana っゆー, romaji 'yū)

    1. fish
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=魚&oldid=73295704"