尾

尾	U+5C3E, 尾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C3E

Translingual

Han character

尾 (Kangxi radical 44, 尸+4, 7 strokes, Cangjie input 尸竹手山 (SHQU), four-corner 7721₄, composition ⿸尸毛)

Derived characters

娓, 捤, 梶, 浘, 艉, 䅏, 䊊, 䜸, 䞔, 䬿
荱, 䇻, 㞙, 屗, 屘, 趘

Additional Derived Characters

𠉜, 𠳿, 𡓋, 𡷕, 𢭶, 𤈦, 𤽶, 𥒮, 𦀿, 𧋦, 𧚟, 𧱎, 𧱧, 𨁱, 𩷳, 𪘣, 𫥯, 𫱬, 𮘕, 𮴞, 𰉵, 𰎂, 𰎇, 𲇀, 𲞱, 𲞼, 𳌺
𡥸, 𡲭, 𡳎, 𡳒, 𡳜, 𡳩, 𡳹, 𡳺, 𤳰, 𦅴, 𦘧, 𪑐, 𪨖, 𫵡, 𭕟, 𭕳, 𭕺, 𮠎, 𲷟, 𳈻, 𡱬, 𡱵, 𤉂, 𥹹, 𨘘, 𫸛, 𭉖, 𰞫, 𱥆, 𲏦, 𡷱, 𭕲, 𲝁
𠡨, 𠧮, 𡦥, 𡱭, 𡲈, 𡲉, 𡲊, 𡲋, 𡲤, 𡲥, 𡲧, 𡲨, 𡲪, 𡲫, 𡲸, 𡲼, 𡳀, 𡳓, 𡳔, 𡳕, 𡳖, 𡳗, 𡳝, 𡳦, 𡳪, 𡳱, 𡳲, 𡳳, 𢽙, 𣍁, 𥖑, 𥜀, 𨤔, 𪨕, 𪨙, 𪨝, 𪨟, 𫯨, 𫰵, 𫵞, 𫵣, 𬨊, 𭕧, 𭕨, 𭯢, 𰍺, 𰎄, 𰎅, 𱛁, 𱛂, 𱧇, 𲜺, 𲜺, 𳌹

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 300, character 16
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7650
Dae Jaweon: page 596, character 12
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 966, character 16
Unihan data for U+5C3E

Chinese

simp. and trad.		尾
alternative forms		㞑𡱕𡱓𡲵𡱲㞑𡱕𡱓𡲵𡱲屘 Cantonese mei5‐1

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 尾
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (尾) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
娓	mrɯls, mɯlʔ
尾	*mɯlʔ
浘	*mɯlʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 尸 (“person”) + 毛 (“hair; feather”).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lməj (“tail; penis”) (STEDT). Cognate with Mizo mei (“tail”), Tibetan རྨེད (rmed, “tail; crupper of saddle”), Chepang मेः (meʔ, “tail”), Burmese အမြီး (a.mri:, “tail”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): wěi, yǐ (wei³, yi³)

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˇ, ㄧˇ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): wei³

(Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): wèi / yì

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): wěi / yǐ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mei⁵ / mei^5-1

(Dongguan, Jyutping++): mai⁵ / mai^5-0

(Taishan, Wiktionary): mei²

(Yangjiang, Jyutping++): mei²
Gan (Wiktionary): ui³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): mî

(Hailu, HRS): mui^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): mi¹
Jin (Wiktionary): vei² / i²
Northern Min (KCR): mṳě
Eastern Min (BUC): muōi
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): buei³ / bi³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bé / bér / bóe / bí

(Teochew, Peng'im): bhuê² / mai²

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): bhue² / mi²
Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): mi⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶vi / ²vi / ⁶mi / ³mi / ⁴mi / ²mi / ⁶gni / ⁴gni / ²gni / ¹ue
- (Jinhua): ⁶vi; ³ng
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): uei³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wěi
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wěi
  - Wade–Giles: wei³
  - Yale: wěi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woei
  - Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, colloquial variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǐ
  - Wade–Giles: i³
  - Yale: yǐ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yii
  - Palladius: и (i)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: wei³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ui
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uei⁵³/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin: wèi / yì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uei⁵³/, /i⁵³/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: wěi / yǐ
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): wei³ / yi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uəi¹¹/, /i¹¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: mei⁵ / mei^5-1
  - Yale: méih / mēi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mei⁵ / mei^5-1
  - Guangdong Romanization: méi⁵ / méi^5-1
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mei̯¹³/, /mei̯¹³⁻⁵⁵/

Note: mei5-1 - "last".

- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++: mai⁵ / mai^5-0
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐi¹³/, /mɐi¹³⁻⁵⁵/

Note: mai5-0 - "last".

- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: mei²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐbei⁵⁵/
- (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
  - Jyutping++: mei²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mei²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ui³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ui²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mî
  - Hakka Romanization System: mi^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /mi²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: mui^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /mui⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: mi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /mi⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: vei² / i²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /vei⁵³/, /i⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mṳě
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /myɛ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: muōi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mui³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: buei³
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bôi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /puei⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: buei³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /puei³³²/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bi³
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bî
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi³³²/

Note:

buei3 - vernacular;
bi3 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Jinjiang, Taipei, Hsinchu, Magong, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bé
  - Tâi-lô: bé
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bea
  - Sinological IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /be⁵⁵⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /be⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Tong'an, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bér
  - Tâi-lô: bér
  - Sinological IPA (Tong'an): /bə³¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Kinmen): /bə⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Lukang): /bə⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /bə⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Yilan, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bóe
  - Tâi-lô: bué
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boea
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /bue⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou, Yilan, Tainan): /bue⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Penang): /bue⁴⁴⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangpu): /buɛ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bí
  - Tâi-lô: bí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bie
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /bi⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /bi⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /bi⁵⁵⁴/

Note:

bé/bér/bóe - vernacular;
bí - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: bhuê² / mai²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bué / mái
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /bue⁵²/, /mai⁵²/

Note: mai2 - alternative pronunciation for dialectal usage.

- (Leizhou)
  - Leizhou Pinyin: bhue² / mi²
  - Sinological IPA: /buɛ³¹/, /mi³¹/

Note:

bhue2 - vernacular;
mi2 - literary.

Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++: mi⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi²⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Changzhou, Jiaxing)
  - Wugniu: ⁶vi
  - MiniDict: vi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³vi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /vi²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /vi¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /βi¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /fvi³¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /vi²³¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /vi²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /vi¹¹³/
- (Northern: Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ²vi
  - MiniDict: vi^平
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /vi³¹³/
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Changzhou, Jiaxing)
  - Wugniu: ⁶mi
  - MiniDict: mi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³mi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mi²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /mi¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /mi¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /mi²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /mi¹¹³/
- (Northern: Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ³mi
  - MiniDict: 'mi^上
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /mi⁵³/
- (Northern: Shaoxing)
  - Wugniu: ⁴mi
  - MiniDict: mi^上
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /mi¹¹³/
- (Northern: Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ²mi
  - MiniDict: mi^平
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /mi³¹³/
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Chongming, Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁶gni
  - MiniDict: nyi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲi²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /n̠ʲi¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ɦn̠ʲi³¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /n̠ʲi²³¹/
- (Northern: Songjiang)
  - Wugniu: ⁴gni
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /n̠ʲi²²/
- (Northern: Shaoxing)
  - Wugniu: ²gni
  - MiniDict: nyi^平
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /n̠ʲi²³¹/
- (Northern: Jingjiang)
  - Wugniu: ¹ue
  - Sinological IPA (Jingjiang): /ue⁴⁴/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ⁶vi; ³ng
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /vi¹⁴/, /ŋ̍⁵³⁵/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: uei³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u̯e̞i̯⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: mj+jX

Rime
Character	尾
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	微 (21)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	無匪切
Baxter	mj+jX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mʉi^X/
Pan Wuyun	/mʷɨi^X/
Shao Rongfen	/miuəi^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muj^X/
Li Rong	/miuəi^X/
Wang Li	/mĭwəi^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mwe̯i^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wěi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mei⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[m]əjʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*mɯlʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	尾
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wěi
Middle Chinese	‹ mjɨj^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[m]əjʔ/
English	tail
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	尾
Reading #	1/1
No.	12882
Phonetic component	尾
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	尾
Old Chinese	/*mɯlʔ/

Definitions

尾

tail (Classifier: 條／条 c; 支 mn)
end
last; final
Classifier for fish, snakes, shrimps, etc. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
- 2022, “过想看见你”, 李立群 (lyrics), 郑伊洋 (music)‎^[2]performed by 张滢:
  
  我过想看见你，肖一尾自由自在个小鱼 [Teochew, simp.]
  我過想看見你，肖一尾自由自在個小魚 [Teochew, trad.]
  ua² guê³ sion⁶ toin² gin³ le², siao⁶ zêg⁸ bhuê² ze⁶ iu⁵ ze⁶ zai⁶ gai⁵ sio² he⁵ [Peng'im]
  I want to see you be like a carefree little fish
(～宿) (Chinese astronomy) Tail (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)

Synonyms

(tail):

Dialectal synonyms of 尾巴 (“tail”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		尾
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		尾巴, 尾
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	尾巴, 尾巴兒
	Taiwan	尾巴
	Langfang	尾巴
	Chengde	尾巴
	Chifeng	尾巴
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	尾巴
	Heihe	尾巴
	Qiqihar	尾巴
	Harbin	尾巴
	Jiamusi	尾巴
	Baicheng	尾巴
	Changchun	尾巴
	Tonghua	尾巴
	Shenyang	尾巴
	Jinzhou	尾巴
	Singapore	尾巴
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	尾巴
	Tangshan	尾巴
	Cangzhou	尾巴
	Baoding	尾巴
	Shijiazhuang	尾巴
	Lijin	尾巴
	Jinan	尾巴
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	尾巴
	Dandong	尾巴
	Yantai	尾巴
	Qingdao	尾巴
	Zhucheng	尾巴
Central Plains Mandarin	Lingbao	尾巴
	Jining	尾巴
	Daming	尾巴
	Wanrong	尾巴
	Linfen	尾巴
	Shangqiu	尾巴
	Yuanyang	尾巴
	Zhengzhou	尾巴
	Xinyang	尾巴
	Baihe	尾巴
	Xi'an	尾巴
	Baoji	尾巴
	Tianshui	尾巴
	Xining	尾巴
	Dunhuang (Hedong dialect)	尾巴
	Xuzhou	尾巴
	Fuyang	尾巴
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	尾巴
	Lanzhou	尾巴
	Hami	尾巴
	Ürümqi	尾巴
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	尾巴兒
	Nanchong	尾巴
	Dazhou	尾巴
	Hanyuan	尾巴
	Xichang	尾巴
	Zigong	尾巴兒
	Chongqing	尾巴根兒
	Wuhan	尾巴
	Yichang	尾巴
	Xiangyang	尾巴
	Tianmen	尾巴
	Guiyang	尾巴
	Zunyi	尾巴
	Bijie	尾巴
	Liping	尾巴
	Zhaotong	尾巴
	Dali	尾巴
	Kunming	尾巴
	Mengzi	尾巴
	Guilin	尾巴
	Liuzhou	尾巴
	Jishou	尾巴
	Changde	尾巴
	Hanzhong	尾巴
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	尾巴
	Yangzhou	尾巴, 尾子
	Lianyungang	尾巴
	Lianshui	尾巴
	Nantong	尾巴
	Anqing	尾巴
	Wuhu	尾巴
	Hefei	尾巴
	Hong'an	尾巴
Cantonese	Guangzhou	尾
	Hong Kong	尾
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	尾
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	尾
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	尾
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	尾
	Macau	尾
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	尾
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	尾
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	尾
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	尾
	Foshan	尾
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	尾
	Foshan (Shunde)	尾
	Foshan (Sanshui)	尾
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	尾巴
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	尾
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	尾
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	尾
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	尾
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	尾
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	尾
	Taishan	尾
	Kaiping (Chikan)	尾
	Enping (Niujiang)	尾
	Heshan (Yayao)	尾
	Dongguan	尾
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	尾
	Yangjiang	尾
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	尾
	Hepu (Shatian)	尾
	Beihai	尾
	Beihai (Nankang)	尾
	Beihai (Yingpan)	尾
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	尾
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	尾
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	尾
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	尾
	Singapore (Guangfu)	尾
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	尾
	Móng Cái	尾
Gan	Nanchang	尾巴
	Lichuan	尾巴
	Pingxiang	尾巴
Hakka	Meixian	尾, 尾巴
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	尾
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	尾
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	尾
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	尾
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	尾巴
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	尾
	Wuhua (Changbu)	尾
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	尾
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	尾
	Wengyuan	尾
	Liannan	尾
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	尾巴, 尾
	Jiexi	尾
	Luhe	尾
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	尾
	Changting	尾巴
	Wuping (Yanqian)	尾巴
	Ninghua	尾巴
	Yudu	尾巴
	Ningdu	尾巴
	Tonggu (Sandu)	尾巴
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	尾巴
	Dayu	尾巴
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	尾
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	尾
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	尾
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	尾
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	尾
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	尾
	Hong Kong	尾
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	尾
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	尾巴
	Xinyi (Sihe)	尾
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	尾
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	尾
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	尾
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	尾
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	尾
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	尾
	Mengshan (Xihe)	尾巴
	Luchuan	尾
	Senai (Huiyang)	尾
Huizhou	Jixi	尾巴
Huizhou	Shexian	尾巴
Jin	Taiyuan	尾巴
	Yangyuan	尾巴
	Datong	尾巴
	Xinzhou	尾巴
	Lüliang (Lishi)	尾巴
	Changzhi	尾巴
	Linhe	尾巴
	Jining	尾巴
	Hohhot	尾巴
	Erenhot	尾巴
	Pingshan	尾巴
	Zhangjiakou	尾巴
	Handan	尾巴
	Anyang	尾巴
	Linzhou	尾巴
	Suide	尾巴
Northern Min	Jian'ou	尾
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	尾, 尾尾
Southern Min	Xiamen	尾, 尾溜
	Quanzhou	尾, 尾溜
	Zhangzhou	尾, 尾溜
	Kaohsiung	尾溜仔
	Yilan	尾溜
	Changhua (Lukang)	尾
	Taichung	尾
	Taichung (Wuqi)	尾溜
	Tainan	尾仔, 尾溜
	Taitung	尾
	Hsinchu	尾溜
	Penghu (Magong)	尾
	Penang (Hokkien)	尾
	Singapore (Hokkien)	尾, 尾溜
	Manila (Hokkien)	尾溜
	Chaozhou	尾
	Shantou	尾
	Jieyang	尾
	Bangkok (Teochew)	尾
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	尾
	Pontianak (Teochew)	尾
	Leizhou	尾
Puxian Min	Putian	尾
Puxian Min	Xianyou	尾
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	尾
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	尾
Southern Pinghua	Binyang	尾巴
Wu	Shanghai	尾巴
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	尾巴
	Shanghai (Chongming)	尾巴
	Suzhou	尾巴
	Danyang	尾巴
	Shaoxing	尾巴
	Ningbo	尾巴, 甩水 fishtail
	Wenzhou	尾巴, 尾巴兒
	Jinhua	尾巴兒
Xiang	Changsha	尾巴
	Xiangtan	尾巴
	Shuangfeng	尾巴
	Hengyang	尾巴

(classifier):

Dialectal synonyms of 條 (“(classifier for fish)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		條, 尾
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	條
	Taiwan	條, 尾
	Chengde	條
	Ulanhot	條
	Tongliao	條
	Chifeng	條
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	條
	Heihe	條
	Qiqihar	條
	Harbin	條
	Jiamusi	條
	Baicheng	條
	Changchun	條
	Tonghua	條
	Shenyang	條
	Jinzhou	條
	Malaysia	條
	Singapore	條
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	條
	Tangshan	條
	Cangzhou	條
	Baoding	條
	Shijiazhuang	條
	Lijin	條
	Jinan	條
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	條
	Dandong	條
	Yantai	條
	Qingdao	條
Central Plains Mandarin	Lingbao	條
	Jining	條
	Wanrong	條
	Linfen	條
	Shangqiu	條
	Yuanyang	條
	Zhengzhou	條
	Xinyang	條
	Baihe	條
	Xi'an	條
	Baoji	條
	Tianshui	條
	Xining	條
	Dunhuang (Hedong dialect)	條
	Xuzhou	條
	Fuyang	條
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	條
	Bayanhot	條
	Lanzhou	條
	Hami	條
	Ürümqi	條
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	條, 根
	Nanchong	條
	Dazhou	條
	Hanyuan	條
	Xichang	條
	Zigong	條
	Chongqing	條
	Wuhan	條
	Yichang	條
	Xiangyang	條
	Tianmen	條
	Guiyang	條
	Zunyi	條
	Bijie	尾
	Liping	塊
	Zhaotong	條, 尾
	Dali	條, 尾
	Kunming	條, 尾
	Mengzi	尾
	Guilin	條
	Liuzhou	條
	Jishou	條
	Changde	條
	Hanzhong	條
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	條
	Yangzhou	條
	Lianyungang	條
	Lianshui	條
	Nantong	條
	Anqing	條
	Wuhu	條
	Hefei	條
	Hong'an	條
Cantonese	Guangzhou	條, 蔸
	Hong Kong	條
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	條
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	條
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	條
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	條
	Macau	條
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	條
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	條
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	條
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	條
	Foshan	條
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	條
	Foshan (Shunde)	條
	Foshan (Sanshui)	條
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	條
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	條
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	條
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	條
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	條
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	條
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	條
	Taishan	條
	Kaiping (Chikan)	條
	Enping (Niujiang)	條
	Heshan (Yayao)	條
	Dongguan	條
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	條
	Yangjiang	條
	Danzhou	頭
	Sanya (Yanglan; Maihua)	隻
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	條
Gan	Nanchang	隻
	Pengze	條
	Lichuan	條
	Pingxiang	隻
Hakka	Meixian	條
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	條
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	條
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	條
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	條
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	條
	Wengyuan	條
	Liannan	條
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	條
	Jiexi	條
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	尾
	Changting	隻
	Wuping (Yanqian)	隻
	Ninghua	枚
	Yudu	隻
	Ningdu	隻
	Shangyou (Shexi)	隻
	Tonggu (Sandu)	條
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	隻
	Dayu	隻
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	尾
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	尾
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	尾
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	尾
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	尾
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	尾
	Hong Kong	條
	Mengshan (Xihe)	條
	Luchuan	條
	Senai (Huiyang)	條
Huizhou	Jixi	條, 隻
Huizhou	Shexian	條
Jin	Taiyuan	條
	Yangyuan	條
	Datong	條
	Xinzhou	條
	Lüliang (Lishi)	條
	Changzhi	條
	Taibus (Baochang)	條
	Linhe	條
	Jining	條
	Hohhot	條
	Baotou	條
	Dongsheng	條
	Haibowan	條
	Erenhot	條
	Pingshan	條
	Zhangjiakou	條
	Handan	條
	Linzhou	條
	Suide	條
Northern Min	Jian'ou	頭, 條
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	頭
	Songxi	尾
	Zhenghe	尾
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	枚
	Jianyang	擺
	Wuyishan	頭
	Pucheng (Shibei)	行, 枚
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	頭
	Fuzhou (Changle)	頭
	Fuqing	尾
	Yongtai	頭
	Gutian	頭
	Fu'an	頭
	Ningde	頭
	Shouning	尾
	Zhouning	頭
	Fuding	尾
Southern Min	Xiamen	尾
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	尾
	Quanzhou	尾
	Jinjiang	尾
	Yongchun	尾
	Zhangzhou	尾
	Zhangpu	尾
	Kaohsiung	尾
	Yilan	尾
	Changhua (Lukang)	尾
	Taichung	尾
	Taichung (Wuqi)	尾
	Tainan	尾
	Taitung	尾
	Hsinchu	尾
	Penghu (Magong)	尾
	Penang (Hokkien)	尾, 隻
	Singapore (Hokkien)	尾
	Manila (Hokkien)	尾, 隻
	Datian	尾
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	尾
	Chaozhou	尾
	Shantou	尾
	Shantou (Chenghai)	尾
	Jieyang	尾
	Haifeng	尾
	Bangkok (Teochew)	尾
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	尾
	Pontianak (Teochew)	條
	Leizhou	條
	Wenchang	個
	Haikou	隻
	Qionghai	隻
Puxian Min	Putian	尾, 頭
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	尾
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	尾
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	尾
	Xianyou	尾
	Xianyou (Fengting)	尾
	Xianyou (Youyang)	尾
Central Min	Yong'an	尾
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	條, 行
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	條
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	條
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	條
Wu	Shanghai	條
	Shanghai (Jiading)	條
	Shanghai (Chongming)	條
	Suzhou	條
	Wenzhou	頭, 條
Xiang	Changsha	條, 隻
Xiang	Shuangfeng	條, 隻

Dialectal synonyms of 條 (“(classifier for snakes)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		條
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	條
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	條
Central Plains Mandarin	Xuzhou	條
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	條
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	條
Cantonese	Hong Kong	條
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	條
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	條
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	條
Hakka	Xingning	條
	Dabu (Xihe)	條
	Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua)	條
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	條
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	條
	Wuhua (Changbu)	條
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	條
	Jiexi	條
	Jiexi (Huizhai)	條
	Luhe	條
	Nanjing (Meilin)	尾
	Nanjing (Tianluokeng, Shuyang)	尾
	Changting	隻
	Longyan (Yongding)	條, 隻
	Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding)	條
	Longyan (Gaobei, Yongding)	行
	Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding)	行
	Wuping (Zhongshan)	尾
	Liancheng (Peitian)	行
	Liancheng (Juxi)	行
	Liancheng (Zhongbao)	行
	Liancheng (Laiyuan)	行
	Ruijin	隻
	Tonggu	隻, 條
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	尾
	Hong Kong	條
	Sabah (Longchuan)	條
	Kuala Lumpur (Dabu)	條
	Bangkok (Meixian)	條
	Bangkok (Fengshun)	尾
Huizhou	Jixi	條
Jin	Xinzhou	條
Southern Min	Xiamen	尾
	Zhangzhou	尾
	Jieyang	條
	Haikou	條
Puxian Min	Putian	尾, 頭
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	尾
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	尾
	Xianyou	尾
	Xianyou (Fengting)	尾
	Xianyou (Youyang)	尾
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	行
Shehua	Fu'an	行
	Fuding	行
	Luoyuan	行
	Sanming	行
	Shunchang	行
	Hua'an	行
	Guixi (Zhangping)	行
	Cangnan	行
	Jingning (Hexi)	行
	Lishui	行
	Longyou	行
	Chaozhou	行
	Fengshun	支

Compounds

三梢末尾
九尾狐 (jiǔwěihú)
九尾龜 / 九尾龟
乞憐搖尾 / 乞怜摇尾
二尾子 (èryǐzi)
交尾 (jiāowěi)
依頭順尾 / 依头顺尾
做尾巴
儘落尾 / 尽落尾
割尾巴
劍尾魚 / 剑尾鱼
卷尾猴
吊車尾 / 吊车尾 (diàochēwěi)
吳頭楚尾 / 吴头楚尾
壓尾 / 压尾
大尾
夾著尾巴 / 夹著尾巴
契尾
婪尾酒
孳尾
寬尾鳳蝶 / 宽尾凤蝶
少頭無尾 / 少头无尾
尾大不掉 (wěidàbùdiào)
尾大難掉 / 尾大难掉
尾巴
尾擊 / 尾击
尾數 / 尾数 (wěishù)
尾椎 (wěizhuī)
尾椎骨 (wěizhuīgǔ)
尾欠
尾款 (wěikuǎn)
尾毛
尾牙 (wěiyá)
尾生
尾生之信
尾生抱柱
尾端
尾索動物 / 尾索动物
尾翼 (wěiyì)
尾聲 / 尾声 (wěishēng)
尾迓
尾追 (wěizhuī)
尾閭 / 尾闾 (wěilǘ)
尾隨 / 尾随 (wěisuí)
尾音 (wěiyīn)
尾骨 (wěigǔ)
尾鰭 / 尾鳍 (wěiqí)
履尾
履虎尾
巷尾街頭 / 巷尾街头
年尾 (niánwěi)
彗尾
後尾 / 后尾 (hòuwěi)
後尾兒 / 后尾儿
從頭到尾 / 从头到尾 (cóngtóudàowěi)
從頭至尾 / 从头至尾
徹頭徹尾 / 彻头彻尾 (chètóuchèwěi)
徹首徹尾 / 彻首彻尾
打尾
扯尾巴
扯牛尾巴
押尾
拖尾巴
掃尾 / 扫尾 (sǎowěi)
排尾 (páiwěi)
掐頭去尾 / 掐头去尾
揪尾巴
提頭知尾 / 提头知尾
搖尾 / 摇尾
搖尾乞憐 / 摇尾乞怜 (yáowěi qǐlián)
搖尾求食 / 摇尾求食
搖頭擺尾 / 摇头摆尾 (yáotóubǎiwěi)
擺尾 / 摆尾 (bǎiwěi)
擺尾搖頭 / 摆尾摇头
收尾 (shōuwěi)
斷尾雄雞 / 断尾雄鸡
曆尾 / 历尾
曳尾塗中 / 曳尾涂中
曳尾泥塗 / 曳尾泥涂
月尾 (yuèwěi)
有頭有尾 / 有头有尾 (yǒutóuyǒuwěi)
有頭無尾 / 有头无尾 (yǒutóuwúwěi)
有首尾
末尾 (mòwěi)
末尾三梢
末尾三稍
松尾芭蕉
栗尾
楚尾吳頭 / 楚尾吴头
榜尾 (bǎngwěi)
樹尾 / 树尾 (chéu-muōi)
歸尾 / 归尾
汕尾 (Shànwěi)
沒甚首尾 / 没甚首尾
涎尾
港尾 (Gǎngwěi)
滬尾 / 沪尾
焦尾
無尾熊 / 无尾熊 (wúwěixióng)
焦尾琴
無尾目 / 无尾目
無頭無尾 / 无头无尾 (wútóuwúwěi)
煞尾 (shāwěi)
燕尾 (yànwěi)
燒尾 / 烧尾
燕尾服 (yànwěifú)
牘尾 / 牍尾
狗尾續貂 / 狗尾续貂 (gǒuwěixùdiāo)
狗尾草 (gǒuwěicǎo)
狐濡尾
狐狸尾巴
狗續貂尾 / 狗续貂尾
狼尾草
瑣尾流離 / 琐尾流离
田尾 (Tiánwěi)
田尾鄉 / 田尾乡
畏頭畏尾 / 畏头畏尾
畏首畏尾 (wèishǒuwèiwěi)
留尾巴
白尾鷲 / 白尾鹫
眉尖眼尾
眉尾相結 / 眉尾相结
箕尾
紅尾伯勞 / 红尾伯劳
結尾 / 结尾 (jiéwěi)
纓尾目 / 缨尾目
羊尾 (Yángyǐ)
翹尾巴 / 翘尾巴
臘尾 / 腊尾
舉尾蟲 / 举尾虫
船尾 (chuánwěi)
莠狗尾草
蒼蠅附驥尾而致千里 / 苍蝇附骥尾而致千里 (cāngying fù jì wěi ér zhì qiānlǐ)
藏頭露尾 / 藏头露尾 (cángtóulùwěi)
虎尾 (Hǔwěi)
虎尾春冰
虎尾鎮 / 虎尾镇
虎頭蛇尾 / 虎头蛇尾 (hǔtóushéwěi)
虎頭鼠尾 / 虎头鼠尾
蠆尾 / 虿尾
蠅附驥尾而致千里 / 蝇附骥尾而致千里 (yíng fù jì wěi ér zhì qiānlǐ)
蠶頭燕尾 / 蚕头燕尾
蠶頭雁尾 / 蚕头雁尾
街頭巷尾 / 街头巷尾 (jiētóuxiàngwěi)
街頭市尾 / 街头市尾
詞尾 / 词尾 (cíwěi)
豹尾班
豹尾車 / 豹尾车
貓尾紅 / 猫尾红
貨尾 / 货尾 (fo3 mei5)
赬尾 / 赪尾
跋胡疐尾
跑蹄剪尾
跟尾兒 / 跟尾儿
踏狗尾
踹狗尾
蹈虎尾
車尾 / 车尾 (chēwěi)
追隨驥尾 / 追随骥尾
連頭帶尾 / 连头带尾
道頭會尾 / 道头会尾
道頭知尾 / 道头知尾
銜尾 / 衔尾
銜尾相隨 / 衔尾相随
銀鉤蠆尾 / 银钩虿尾
長尾巴 / 长尾巴 (zhǎng wěiba)
長尾猴 / 长尾猴
長尾雞 / 长尾鸡
長尾鮫 / 长尾鲛
開尾韻 / 开尾韵
闌尾 / 阑尾 (lánwěi)
闌尾炎 / 阑尾炎 (lánwěiyán)
附驥之尾 / 附骥之尾
附驥尾 / 附骥尾 (fùjìwěi)
雄雞斷尾 / 雄鸡断尾
雉尾小生
雉尾扇
雙尾蠍 / 双尾蝎
雞尾酒 / 鸡尾酒 (jīwěijiǔ)
雞尾酒會 / 鸡尾酒会 (jīwěijiǔhuì)
露尾巴
露尾藏頭 / 露尾藏头
青尾 (cên1 bhuê2)
韻尾 / 韵尾 (yùnwěi)
響尾蛇 / 响尾蛇 (xiǎngwěishé)
頭尾 / 头尾 (tóuwěi)
颱風尾 / 台风尾
首尾 (shǒuwěi)
首尾一貫 / 首尾一贯
首尾乖互
首尾兩端 / 首尾两端 (shǒuwěiliǎngduān)
首尾共濟 / 首尾共济
首尾受敵 / 首尾受敌
首尾夾攻 / 首尾夹攻
首尾狼狽 / 首尾狼狈
首尾相應 / 首尾相应
首尾相援
首尾相救
首尾相繼 / 首尾相继
首尾相衛 / 首尾相卫
首尾相赴
首尾相連 / 首尾相连
首尾貫通 / 首尾贯通
馬尾 / 马尾 (mǎwěi)
馬尾巴 / 马尾巴
馬尾松 / 马尾松 (mǎwěisōng)
馬尾港 / 马尾港
馬尾藻 / 马尾藻 (mǎwěizǎo)
騎箕尾 / 骑箕尾
魚尾 / 鱼尾 (yúwěi)
魚尾紋 / 鱼尾纹 (yúwěiwén)
魴魚赬尾 / 鲂鱼赪尾
鰓尾類 / 鳃尾类
鳥尾花 / 鸟尾花
鳶尾 / 鸢尾 (yuānwěi)
鳳尾草 / 凤尾草
鳳尾香羅 / 凤尾香罗
鳳尾魚 / 凤尾鱼 (fèngwěiyú)
鴟尾 / 鸱尾 (chīwěi)
鶉尾 / 鹑尾
麈尾 (zhǔwěi)
麒麟尾
黃貓黑尾 / 黄猫黑尾
龍尾硯 / 龙尾砚
龍尾車 / 龙尾车
龍尾道 / 龙尾道
龍頭蛇尾 / 龙头蛇尾

References

“尾”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[3], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
“尾”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2026.

Japanese

Kanji

尾

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: み (mi)
Kan-on: び (bi, Jōyō)
Kun: お (o, 尾, Jōyō)^{←を (wo, 尾, historical)}

Etymology 1

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

尾

Wikipedia ^ja

Kanji in this term
尾
お Grade: S
kun'yomi

/wo/ → /o/

From Old Japanese 尾 (wo), from Proto-Japonic *bo.^[1]

First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE in the senses “tail” and “foot of a mountain”.^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [o̞]
Audio: (file)
(Tokyo) お [óꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[3]^[4]

(Kyōto) おー [òó] (Teiki – [0])ZAJ

(Kagoshima) おぉ [ô] (type A)ZAJ

Noun

尾(お) • (o) ^{←を (wo)^?}

tail
foot of a mountain
end of something

Synonyms

(tail): 尻(しっ)尾(ぽ) (shippo)
(foot of a mountain): 麓(ふもと) (fumoto), 山麓(さんろく) (sanroku)

Derived terms

尾(お)花(ばな) (obana)
尾(お)ろ (oro, “tail”)
狐(きつね)の尾(お) (kitsune no o)
鯖(さば)の尾(お) (saba no o)
尻(しり)尾(お) (shirio, “tail”)
虎(とら)の尾(お) (tora no o)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
尾
び Grade: S
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 尾 (MC mj+jX).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [bʲi]
(Tokyo) び [bíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[3]

Affix

尾(び) • (bi)

tail

Derived terms

尾(び)宿(しゅく) (Bishuku, “Tail”)

Counter

尾(び) • (-bi)

fish, shrimp

Proper noun

尾(び) • (Bi)

(Chinese astronomy) Tail
Hypernyms: 青竜, 二十八宿

Synonyms

尾(び)宿(しゅく) (Bishuku), 足(あし)垂(た)れ星(ぼし) (Ashitareboshi)

References

^ Samuel E. Martin (1987), The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN
^ “尾”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“尾”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[4] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja

尾 (eumhun 꼬리 미 (kkori mi))

hanja form^? of 미 (“tail, extremity”)
hanja form^? of 미 (“end, stern”)

Vietnamese

Han character

尾: Hán Việt readings: vĩ^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]
尾: Nôm readings: vẻ^[1]^[2]^[7], vạy^[1]^[2], vấy^[1]^[2], vẽ^[1]^[2], vả^[1]^[3], vãi^[1]^[4], vỉ^[1]^[7], vải^[5]^[7], vẩy^[1], vẫy^[2], vã^[3], vải^[3], vía^[7], vảy^[7]

chữ Hán form of vĩ (“tail; (music) bow”)
chữ Nôm form of vả (“(only in compounds) besides, again”)
chữ Nôm form of vãi (“Buddhist nun”)
chữ Nôm form of vấy (“to stain”)
chữ Nôm form of vẻ
1. used in vắng vẻ (“quiet; deserted; unfrequented”)
2. used in vui vẻ (“happy; joyful”)
chữ Nôm form of vẽ (“to draw; to paint”)
chữ Nôm form of vỉ (“trellis matting (used to lag bottom of a double boiler (chõ), usually made of bamboo)”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 ^1.8 Nguyễn (2014).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Trần (2004).
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Hồ (1976).
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Bonet (1899).
^ Génibrel (1898).
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 ^7.5 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[1] Samuel E. Martin (1987), The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN

[2] “尾”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[DJR-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-4] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[tdcndg-5] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 ^1.8 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-6] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-7] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Trần (2004).

[btcn-8] 4.0 ^4.1 Hồ (1976).

[bonet-9] 5.0 ^5.1 Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-10] Génibrel (1898).

[taberd-11] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 ^7.5 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

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