個

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See also: 个

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
個-order.gif

Han character[edit]

個 (radical 9 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人田十口 (OWJR), four-corner 26200, composition ⿰亻固)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 107, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 758
  • Dae Jaweon: page 228, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 178, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+500B

Chinese[edit]

trad. 個/箇
simp. 个

Glyph origin[edit]

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kaːls): semantic 亻 + phonetic 固 ‎(OC *kaːs)

Etymology[edit]

The semantics may have developed along the grammaticalisation process "bamboo stalk" (箇) > "piece, item" > "classifier for every category of noun" > "possessive particle, generic particle". If so, it would then possibly be cognate with 竿 (OC *kaːn, “bamboo, rod”). Compare Tibetan མཁར་བ ‎(mkhar ba), འཁར་བ ‎('khar ba, “walking stick, staff”) and Thai ก้าน ‎(gâan, “stem, stalk”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 個
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 歌 (94)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古賀切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kɑH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kɑH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kaH/
Li
Rong		 /kɑH/
Wang
Li		 /kɑH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 gè
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 個
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 gè
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kaH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kˤa[r]-s/
English piece, item

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 個
Reading # 1/1
No. 4208
Phonetic
component		 古
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 箇
Old
Chinese		 /*kaːls/
Notes 見儀禮鄭注

Definitions[edit]

個

  1. piece, item; individual
    個人 / 个人  ―  gèrén  ―  an individual; personal
    個體 / 个体  ―  gètǐ  ―  individuality
  2. size, height
    個子 / 个子  ―  gèzǐ  ―  height, stature
    個兒 / 个儿  ―  gèr  ―  size
  3. separate, respective; separately, individually
    個別 / 个别  ―  gèbié  ―  individual, separate; some, a couple of
  4. single, alone
  5. (dialectal) one
  6. The generic classifier. Used with nouns lacking specific classifiers.
    我有一個問題。 / 我有一个问题。  ―  Wǒ yǒu yī ge wèntí.  ―  I have a question.
  7. Alternative classifier, for nouns having specific classifiers. Often colloquial and regional. Usage varies greatly between different topolects.
    一個人 / 一个人  ―  yī ge rén  ―  one person; alone
    每個人 / 每个人  ―  měi ge rén  ―  every person, everyone
    一個井 / 一个井 [Guangzhou Cantonese]  ―  jat1 go3 zeng2 [Jyutping]  ―  a well
    一個房 / 一个房 [Guangzhou Cantonese]  ―  jat1 go3 fong4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  a room
    一個學校 / 一个学校  ―  yī ge xuéxiào  ―  one school
  8. (Mandarin, colloquial) Particle, placed between a verb and numbers, showing that the following numbers are approximate, not accurate.
  9. (Mandarin, colloquial) Particle, placed between a verb and its object or complement, adding a sense of ease, swiftness and one-offness to the action.
  10. (Mandarin, colloquial) Particle used after 些 (xiē).
  11. (dialectal Mandarin) Particle used in some time-related words.
  12. (obsolete, Wu, Xiang, Gan, dialectal Cantonese, dialectal Min) (= 搿 (gé)) this; that
  13. (Cantonese, Wu) Word-initial particle, serving as the definite article.
  14. (Cantonese, Wu, Teochew) Possessive particle. Equivalent to Mandarin 的 (dì).
    → 嘅 (ge3) (Cantonese), 格 (kaq) (Wu)
  15. (dialectal) Sentence-final declarative, affirmative, or prohibitive particle. Equivalent to Mandarin 的 (dì), 了 (le).

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (個):

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

See also:
個

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Counter[edit]

個 ‎(hiragana こ, romaji -ko)

  1. item, article, thing
    あの枝 (えだ)に桜 (さくら)ん坊 (ぼ)が十二 (じゅうに)個 (こ)だけあります。
    Ano eda ni sakuranbo ga jūni-ko dake arimasu.
    There are only twelve cherries on that branch.

Usage notes[edit]

This is the most generic counter in Japanese. It can be used to count just about anything.

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

個 • ‎(gae) (hangeul 개, McCune-Reischauer kae)

  1. a piece
  2. a unit
  3. an item.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

個 (cá, cái)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

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