果
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See also: 杲
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Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
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Han character[edit]
果 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 田木 (WD), four-corner 60904, composition ⿻日木)
Derived characters[edit]
- 倮, 𠵩, 堁, 婐, 㞅, 𡸖, 𢃦, 惈, 捰, 淉, 猓, 𨺁, 𣇫, 棵, 𣨪, 㷄, 𤖇, 𬌡, 𬍯, 腂, 𥚌, 𥇬, 䂺, 祼, 稞, 裸, 粿, 綶, 𦖍, 蜾, 𠒪, 𠪧, 㚌, 𭽝, 課(课), 踝, 躶, 輠, 𪳨, 錁(锞), 𣛕, 𩋗, 餜(馃), 騍(骒), 髁, 𩸄(𫚝), 䴹, 𬹮
- 𭄰, 𠜴, 𢒙, 𢻔, 敤, 㪙, 𭮲, 𣮔, 𤔖, 𭪥, 𤬁, 㼫, 𭪻, 𭪹, 𬃻, 夥, 𣛤, 顆(颗), 𪳿, 𣜢, 𣞅, 𪂠, 𣡙
- 褁, 𮖐, 𣡗, 𣡚, 巢, 巣, 菓, 𢑥, 彙, 彚, 𫉂, 窠, 𭯃, 𧁸, 𡱼, 㾧, 𪋊, 𨵚, 臝, 裹
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 516, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14556
- Dae Jaweon: page 904, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1168, character 11
- Unihan data for U+679C
Chinese[edit]
Glyph origin[edit]
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 裸 | *ɡ·roːlʔ |
| 躶 | *ɡ·roːlʔ |
| 果 | *kloːlʔ |
| 菓 | *kloːlʔ |
| 猓 | *kloːlʔ |
| 輠 | *kloːlʔ, *ɡloːlʔ, *ɡroːlʔ, *kʰluːls |
| 裹 | *kloːlʔ, *kloːls |
| 蜾 | *kloːlʔ |
| 惈 | *kloːlʔ |
| 粿 | *kloːlʔ |
| 窠 | *kʰloːl |
| 稞 | *kʰloːl, *ɡroːlʔ |
| 課 | *kʰloːl, *kʰloːls |
| 髁 | *kʰloːl, *kʰloːls, *kʰroːlʔ |
| 棵 | *kʰloːl, *kʰloːnʔ, *ɡloːnʔ |
| 顆 | *kʰloːlʔ |
| 堁 | *kʰloːlʔ, *kʰloːls, *kloːns |
| 敤 | *kʰloːlʔ, *kʰloːls |
| 夥 | *qʰloːlʔ, *ɡloːlʔ, *ɡroːlʔ |
| 婐 | *qloːlʔ, *kroːl |
| 踝 | *ɡroːlʔ |
| 祼 | *ɡluːlʔ |
Pictogram (象形) – fruit on a tree.
Etymology 1[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
果 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 菓 | |
Possibly related to 卵 (OC *ɡ·roːlʔ, *ɡ·roːnʔ, “egg”) (Sagart and Ma, 2020).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
果
- fruit
- result
- sure enough; really
- 言者有言，其所言者特未定也。果有言邪？ [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
- Yán zhě yǒu yán, qí suǒ yán zhě tè wèi dìng yě. Guǒ yǒu yán yé? [Pinyin]
- The speaker has (a meaning in) his words. If, however, what he says, be indeterminate (as from a mind not made up), does he then really speak or not?
- determined
- 果敢 ― guǒgǎn ― resolute and courageous
- to fill
- 果腹 ― guǒfù ― to fill one's stomach
- to come true
- 不果 ― bùguǒ ― to be unsuccessful
- 南陽劉子驥，高尚士也，聞之，欣然親往。未果，尋病終。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Peach Blossom Spring (桃花源記), by Tao Yuanming, 421 (Wiktionary translation)
- Nányáng Liú Zǐjì, gāoshàng shì yě, wén zhī, xīnrán qīn wǎng. Wèiguǒ, xún bìng zhōng. [Pinyin]
- Liu Ziji of Nanyang was a noble scholar who heard of this, and joyously set out for it, but to no avail; he died of illness shortly afterwards.
南阳刘子骥，高尚士也，闻之，欣然亲往。未果，寻病终。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary) finally; at last
- (literary) actually
- (literary) if indeed; if
- a surname
Synonyms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 果
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Etymology 2[edit]
| For pronunciation and definitions of 果 – see 裹 (“to wrap; to bind; to encircle; confine; to carry off; etc.”). (This character, 果, is the second-round simplified form of 裹.) |
Notes:
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References[edit]
- “果”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
果
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: か (ka, Jōyō)←くわ (kwa, historical)
- Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)←くわ (kwa, historical)
- Kun: はたす (hatasu, 果たす, Jōyō); はたす (hatasu, 果す); はてる (hateru, 果てる, Jōyō); はて (hate, 果て, Jōyō); くだもの (kudamono, 果)
- Nanori: み (mi); あきら (akira); はた (hata); はたす (hatasu); まさる (masaru)
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
- 映日果 (ichijiku), 映日果 (eijitsuka): fig
- 無花果 (ichijiku), 無花果 (mukaka): fig
- 無花果果 (ichijikuka): syconium
- 果敢 (kakan): resolute, determined
- 果実 (kajitsu): fruit, berry
- 果樹 (kaju): fruit tree
- 果汁 (kajū): fruit juice
- 果糖 (katō): fruit sugar
- 果肉 (kaniku): flesh of fruit
- 果報 (kahō): good fortune
- 果物 (kudamono): fruit
- 青果 (seika): vegetables and fruits
- 摘果 (tekika): thinning out superfluous fruit
- 結果 (kekka): result, outcome
- 成果 (seika): result, fruit
- 効果 (kōka): effect, result
- 因果 (inga): karma
- 戦果 (senka): fruit of battle
- 果たす (hatasu): effect, realize
- 使命を果たす (shimei o hatasu): carry out one's mission
- 果たして (hatashite): as was expected
- 使い果たす (tsukaihatasu): use up, squander
- 果てる (hateru): end, be finished
- 朽ち果てる (kuchihateru): decay completely
- 絶え果てる (taehateru): be extinguished
- 果て (hate): end, extremity
- 果てしない (hateshinai): endless, boundless
- 苹果 (heika), 苹果 (hyōka): apple (fruit)
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 果 |
| か Grade: 4 |
| on’yomi |
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 果 (kuɑX).
Pronunciation[edit]
Counter[edit]
- pieces of fruit
Noun[edit]
- fruit
- (Buddhism) phala, attained state, result
- (Buddhism) enlightenment (as the fruits of one's Buddhist practice)
See also[edit]
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kwa̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [과]
Hanja[edit]
Old Korean[edit]
Particle[edit]
果 (*-kwa)
- and; with (comitative case marker; attached to multiple connected nouns)
- c. 1250, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Humane King Sutra:
Usage notes[edit]
果 follows the grammatical rules of its Middle Korean descendant, which differ from Modern Korean usage. Thus it may be followed by other case markers, such as 叱. Furthermore, in both Old and Middle Korean, "A and B" is expressed as A-kwa B-kwa, instead of Modern Korean A-kwa B.
Unlike in Middle and Modern Korean, 果 did not take any allomorph following a vowel. The Middle Korean allomorph 와 (Yale: -Gwa) was produced by the lenition of Old Korean *k to /ɣ/ between vowels.
Descendants[edit]
- Middle Korean: 과 (-kwa)
- Korean: 과 (-gwa)
- Middle Korean: 와 (-Gwa) (allomorph following a vowel, produced by intervocalic lenition of *-k)
- Korean: 와 (-wa)
See also[edit]
- 利 (*-li, intimate connective particle)
References[edit]
- 이승재 (Lee Seung-jae) (2000), “Chaja pyogi jaryo-ui gyeokjosa yeon'gu [Study of case markers in the Chinese-based orthography [of Korean]]”, in Gugeo Gukmunhak, volume 127, pages 107–132
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading はた-す
- Japanese kanji with kun reading は-てる
- Japanese kanji with kun reading は-て
- Japanese kanji with kun reading くだもの
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading み
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あきら
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading はた
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