所
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Translingual[edit]
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Japanese | 所 |
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Simplified | 所 |
Traditional | 所 |
Alternative forms[edit]
Note different composition due to different forms of 戶, namely 户 (in some Japanese fonts more resembles 戸).
Han character[edit]
所 (Kangxi radical 63, 戶+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹尸竹一中 (HSHML), four-corner 72221, composition ⿰戶斤 (GTK) or ⿰戸斤(J))
Derived characters[edit]
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 415, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11715
- Dae Jaweon: page 760, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2259, character 1
- Unihan data for U+6240
Chinese[edit]
simp. and trad. |
所 | |
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alternative forms | 㪽 𫝂 𠩄 |
Glyph origin[edit]
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sqʰraʔ): phonetic 戶 (OC *ɡʷaːʔ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”) – the sound of logging (the definition given in Shuowen).
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/k-ra (“place”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).
Baxter and Sagart (2014) relates it to 處 (OC *t.qʰaʔ, “to be at”), 處 (OC *t.qʰaʔ-s, “place”), 許 (OC *qʰ(r)aʔ, “place”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
所
- (in compounds) place; location
- establishment for a particular function; institution
- 派出所 ― pàichūsuǒ ― local police station
- 所長/所长 ― suǒzhǎng ― head of an establishment
- 病毒所 ― bìngdú suǒ ― institute of virology
- 反過來,《計算機世界》那邊的業務,所裡的其他部門能夠解決的,如報紙的排版、市場研究等,就在所裡做了,這樣有利於調整分配格局,不斷地提高全體職工的收入。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 2002, 蒋青, 《新媒体征战》, page 58
- Fǎnguòlái, “Jìsuànjī Shìjiè” nàbiān de yèwù, suǒ lǐ de qítā bùmén nénggòu jiějué de, rú bàozhǐ de páibǎn, shìchǎng yánjiū děng, jiù zài suǒ lǐ zuò le, zhèyàng yǒu lì yú tiáozhěng fēnpèi géjú, bùduàn dì tígāo quántǐ zhígōng de shōurù. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this example)
反过来,《计算机世界》那边的业务,所里的其他部门能够解决的,如报纸的排版、市场研究等,就在所里做了,这样有利于调整分配格局,不断地提高全体职工的收入。 [MSC, simp.]
- Classifier for buildings, schools, hospitals, etc. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
- Prefix attached to verbs to form noun phrases, indicating the patient of the verb, similar to a passive participle.
- 所以 ― suǒyǐ ― what one uses; what one relies on; means > the reason why > therefore
- 所得 ― suǒdé ― income (literally, "what is gained")
- 所見即所得/所见即所得 ― suǒjiànjísuǒdé ― what you see is what you get
- 所長/所长 ― suǒcháng ― forte (what one is good at)
- 無所謂/无所谓 ― wúsuǒwèi ― to be irrelevant (literally, "to not [have or be] what one can refer to [as]")
- 你所用的電腦/你所用的电脑 ― nǐ suǒ yòng de diànnǎo ― the computer used by you
- 不知所云 ― bùzhī suǒ yún ― do not know what is said
- 所見異辭,所聞異辭,所傳聞異辭。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Gongyang, c. 206 BCE– 9 CE
- Suǒ jiàn yì cí, suǒ wén yì cí, suǒ chuánwén yì cí. [Pinyin]
- Different phrasings were applied to what was witnessed, what was learned, and what was transmitted via tradition.
所见异辞,所闻异辞,所传闻异辞。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 西伯將出獵,卜之,曰「所獲非龍非彨非虎非羆;所獲霸王之輔」。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Xībó jiāng chū liè, bǔ zhī, yuē “suǒhuò fēi lóng fēi chī fēi hǔ fēi pí; suǒhuò bàwáng zhī fǔ.” [Pinyin]
- The Western Count, about to go out on a hunt, divined it; it is said: "What will be caught will be neither horned dragon, nor hornless dragon, nor tiger, nor brown bear. Who will be gained will be an aide to hegemons and kings."
西伯将出猎,卜之,曰“所获非龙非彨非虎非罴;所获霸王之辅”。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- Used with 為/为 (wéi) or 被 (bèi) to form the passive voice.
Compounds[edit]
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Japanese[edit]
Shinjitai | 所 | |
Kyūjitai [1] |
所󠄁 所+ 󠄁 ?(Adobe-Japan1) |
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所󠄃 所+ 󠄃 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: しょ (sho, Jōyō)←しよ (syo, historical)
- Kan-on: そ (so)
- Kun: ところ (tokoro, 所, Jōyō); とこ (toko, 所); と (to); く (ku); れる (reru, 所る); られる (rareru, 所れる); ばかり (bakari, 所り)
- Nanori: ところ (tokoro); ど (do); のぶ (nobu)
Compounds[edit]
- 一所懸命 (isshokenmei)
- 近所 (kinjo)
- 住所 (jūsho)
- 便所 (benjo)
- 所為 (shoi)
- 所感 (shokan)
- 所管 (shokan)
- 所見 (shoken)
- 所作 (shosa)
- 所在 (shozai)
- 所在地 (shozaichi)
- 所在 (shozai)
- 所持 (shoji)
- 所属 (shozoku)
- 所存 (shozon)
- 所帯 (shotai)
- 所得 (shotoku)
- 所得税 (shotokuzei)
- 所有物 (shoyūbutsu)
- 所有者 (shoyūsha)
- 所有 (shoyū)
- 所有権 (shoyūken)
- 所謂 (iwayuru)
- 適材適所 (tekizaitekisho)
- 場所 (basho)
- 所以 (yuen)
- 所有制 (shoyūsei)
- 所有主 (shoyūnushi)
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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所 |
しょ Grade: 3 |
goon |
From Middle Chinese 所 (MC ʃɨʌX).
Pronunciation[edit]
Counter[edit]
Suffix[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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所 |
ところ Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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処 |
⟨to2ko2ro2⟩ → /tokoro/
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[2] From Proto-Japonic *təkərə.
A surface analysis suggests that this could be an ancient compound of ⟨to2⟩ (“place”, as in 跡 ⟨ato2⟩, “footprint, track”, from “foot place, where one has stepped”) + ⟨ko2⟩ (noun-forming suffixing element denoting “place”, as in ここ ⟨ko2ko2⟩, “here”, from “this place”) + ⟨ro2⟩ (noun-forming suffixing element, apparently indicating within a general area, possibly as in 心 ⟨ko2ko2ro2⟩, “heart, mind, emotions”, 頃 ⟨ko2ro2⟩, “general span of time, around a certain time”, うつろ ⟨uturo2⟩, “hollowness, empty interior”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Tokyo) ところ [tòkóró] (Heiban – [0])[3][4][5]
- (Tokyo) ところ [tòkóróꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[4][5]
- IPA(key): [to̞ko̞ɾo̞]
The odaka version is used when:
- it is preceded by a modifier, such as in 山田さんの所に (Yamada-san no tokoro ni, “at Yamada-san's place”)
- it appears as a grammatical element, such as in ところが (tokoro ga, “however”) or ところで (tokoro de, “by the way”)
Noun[edit]
- a place, a scene, a site; an address
- 遠い所に行ってみたい。
- Tōi tokoro ni itte mitai.
- I want to go to a faraway place.
- あの窓のところにいる人は誰?
- Ano mado no tokoro ni iru hito wa dare?
- Who is the person by that window?
- 嫌なところを直す
- iya na tokoro o naosu
- to change the unpleasant part/aspect (of one's personality)
- 遠い所に行ってみたい。
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.- 現在のところ対応しておりません
- genzai no tokoro taiō shite orimasen
- currently unsupported
- 現在のところ対応しておりません
- a state of being
- (after a plain verb) about to
- 映画を見に行くところだった。
- Eiga o mi ni iku tokoro datta.
- I was about to go to a movie.
- 忘れるところだった。
- Wasureru tokoro datta.
- I was on the brink of forgetting.
- 映画を見に行くところだった。
- (after a verb in the past tense) just
- 駅に着いたところです。
- Eki ni tsuita tokoro desu.
- I just arrived at the station.
- 駅に着いたところです。
- (after a verb in the progressive ている) indicates the current state, or how you have progressed so far in a chain of actions
- 今、敬語を勉強しているところです。[4]
- Ima, keigo o benkyō shite iru tokoro desu.
- I'm now learning polite language.
- 今、敬語を勉強しているところです。[4]
- (after a verb in the past tense) at that point in time, upon
- (after a plain verb) about to
- (literary, calque of Literary Chinese 所) Attaches to verbs to form noun phrases, meaning the object of that verb.
Derived terms[edit]
- 所で (tokoro de): by the way, incidentally
- 所々 (tokorodokoro), 所所 (tokorodokoro), 処々 (tokorodokoro), 処処 (tokorodokoro): here and there
- 所へ (tokoro e): thereupon
- 所もある (tokoro mo aru): some, sometimes
- 国所 (kunitokoro): country of birth, birthplace
Etymology 3[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
所 |
とこ Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
Listed in some sources as an abbreviation of tokoro above.[6][3][7] However, this is also listed as cognate with 床 (toko, “raised area; bed”),[6] which term already appears in use as far back as the Kojiki (712 CE), one of the oldest Japanese texts.[8]
Alternative forms[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- (informal, spoken) Alternative form of 所 (tokoro)
Etymology 4[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
所 |
と Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
⟨to2⟩ → /*tə/ → /to/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *tə. Appears mainly as an affixing element indicating place, as in 後 (ato, “after; behind; the back of something”), from 跡 (ato, “footprint, track”), itself a compound of 足 (a, “foot”) + 所 (to, “place”); or in 留まる (todomaru, “to stop in a place”), itself a compound of と (to, “place”) + とまる (tomaru, “to stop”).
In modern Japanese references,[6][3] there are various compound terms ending in -to or -do that are spelled and / or described as deriving from this 所 (to, “place”), including 隈所 (kumato, “a bent and twisted place, such as a tunnel, out of sight”), 立ち所 (tachido, “standing place”), 竈 (kamado, “kiln”). However, a historical analysis reveals that many of these terms do not derive from 所, 処 ⟨to2⟩ “place”, but rather from 戸, 門 ⟨to1⟩ “gate, door, place of entry and exit”.
Alternative forms[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Affix[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ “所”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023
- ^ “所・処”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ “床”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[3] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Noun[edit]
所 (hiragana とぅくる, romaji tukuru)
Suffix[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
所: Hán Nôm readings: sỡ, sở, sớ, sửa, thửa
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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