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U+5730, 地
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5730

[U+572F]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5731]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 32, +3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 土心木 (GPD), four-corner 44112, composition)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 224, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4890
  • Dae Jaweon: page 456, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 420, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+5730

Chinese[edit]

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms



Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Shizhoupian script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l'els): semantic (earth) + phonetic (OC *laːlʔ).

Etymology 1[edit]

Compare with Burmese လယ် (lai, farmland, paddy field) and Burmese တီ (ti, clear land).

Pronunciation[edit]


Note: deng6 - usually written as .
Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou:
    • tōe - vernacular;
    • tē - literary.
  • Zhangzhou, Taiwan:
    • tē/tōe/tǒe/tēre - literary.
  • Other readings:
    • tī - vernacular (may be considered literary, only used in 土地公).
  • (Teochew)
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /ti⁵¹/
    Harbin /ti⁵³/
    Tianjin /ti⁵³/
    Jinan /ti²¹/
    Qingdao /ti⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ti³¹²/
    Xi'an /ti⁴⁴/
    Xining /t͡sz̩²¹³/
    Yinchuan /ti¹³/
    Lanzhou /ti¹³/
    Ürümqi /ti²¹³/
    Wuhan /ti³⁵/
    Chengdu /ti¹³/
    Guiyang /ti²¹³/
    Kunming /ti²¹²/
    Nanjing /ti⁴⁴/
    Hefei /t͡sz̩⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /ti⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /ti³⁵/
    Hohhot /ti⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /di²³/
    Suzhou /di³¹/
    Hangzhou /di¹³/
    Wenzhou /dei²²/
    Hui Shexian /tʰi²²/
    Tunxi /tʰi¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ti⁵⁵/
    /ti¹¹/
    Xiangtan /di²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /tʰi²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /tʰi⁵³/
    Taoyuan /tʰi⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /tei²²/
    Nanning /ti²²/
    Hong Kong /tei²²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /ti²²/
    /te²²/ ~理
    /tue²²/ 土~
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /tɛi²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ti⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /ti³¹/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔdi³⁵/
    /ʔdi³³/
    /ʔdi²³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (7)
    Final () (15)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /diɪH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /diH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /djɪH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /diH/
    Li
    Rong
    /diH/
    Wang
    Li
    /diH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /dʱiH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    dei6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ dijH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[l]ˁej-s/
    English earth, ground

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 14808
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    2
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*l'els/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. earth
        ―  tiān  ―  heaven and earth
    2. ground; floor
      水泥  ―  shuǐní   ―  concrete floor
        ―  Zhè pǐ mǎ dǎo zài shang.  ―  The horse collapsed to the ground.
      銀包 [Cantonese, trad.]
      银包 [Cantonese, simp.]
      ngan4 baau1 dit3 zo2 lok6 dei6. [Jyutping]
      The wallet fell on the ground.
    3. land; field (Classifier: m c;  c;  c)
        ―    ―  lowland
      [Cantonese]  ―  nei1 faai3 dei6 [Jyutping]  ―  this plot of land
    4. distance; separation
      車站车站  ―  Chēzhàn lí zhè sān lǐ .  ―  The bus stop is three miles away.
    5. farmland; field (Classifier: m c;  c)
      田間田间  ―  tiánjiān tóu  ―  farmland
      幹活干活  ―  xià gànhuó  ―  to farm
    6. (only in compounds) area; region
        ―  běn  ―  local
      殖民  ―  zhímín  ―  colony
    7. place; locality
        ―  chǔ  ―  located in
      目的  ―  mùde  ―  destination
      分居分居  ―  fēnjū liǎng   ―  to live apart in two different places
    8. status; situation; position
      不敗之不败之  ―  bùbàizhī  ―  invincible position
      設身處设身处  ―  shèshēnchǔ  ―  put oneself in somebody else’s position
    9. (only in compounds) state of mind
        ―  xīn  ―  mind
        ―  jiàn  ―  perspective, opinion
    10. place; room; space
        ―  jiā lǐ méi r le  ―  There is no room in my home (for that).
    11. background (behind a text or figure)
      黑字  ―  báihēizì  ―  black characters on a white background
    12. (only in compounds) Short for 地球 (Dìqiú, “Earth”).
      距離距离  ―  rì jùlí  ―  Earth–Sun distance
      行星行星  ―  lèi xíngxīng  ―  terrestrial planet
    13. (Hakka) grave; tomb
        ―  zhàn  ―  Gedi station ( means "frog-shaped tomb")
    14. (Mainland China) prefecture
      級市级市  ―  jíshì  ―  prefecture-level city
    Synonyms[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: () (ji); () (chi)
    • Korean: 지(地) (ji)
    • Vietnamese: địa ()

    Others:

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Possibly the same word as , the possessive marker (Wang, 1958), but scholars like Lü (1943) and Yuan et al. (1996) are hesitant about this etymology.

    Alternatively, Ōta (2003) proposes that it is a grammaticalization of etymology 1. The construction ADJ + would have semantically developed as follows: "a ADJ place" → "in a ADJ place" → "in a ADJ manner".

    Pronunciation[edit]


    Note: di is used in poetry, songs.
    Note:
    • dei6 - literary;
    • dei6-2 - vernacular, only used after reduplicated words.
  • Min Nan
  • Definitions[edit]

    1. (chiefly Mandarin) Particle indicating the word preceding it is used as an adverb.
      alt. forms: , obsolete
        ―  hěn kuài de  ―  very quickly
      偷偷 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
      keoi5 tau1 tau1 dei6-2 zau2 zo2 laa3. [Jyutping]
      He secretly left.
      一個模樣孩子我們蹣跚走來 [MSC, trad.]
      一个模样孩子我们蹒跚走来 [MSC, simp.]
      Yīge yī suì móyàng de háizi xiàng wǒmen pánshān de zǒulái. [Pinyin]
      A roughly one-year-old child came staggering towards us.
      乖乖喺度 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
      nei5 gwaai1 gwaai1 dei6-2 co5 hai2 dou6 laa3 haa2. [Jyutping]
      Sit here and behave, OK?
    Synonyms[edit]
    Usage notes[edit]
    • The use of this particle is always optional after polysyllabic adverbs.
      非常  ―  fēicháng duǎn  ―  very short
      非常  ―  fēicháng de duǎn  ―  very short
    • On the contrary, monosyllabic adverbs are compulsorily used with or without .
      漂亮  ―  hěn piàoliang  ―  very beautiful (where *很地漂亮 is unacceptable)
      不見不见  ―  shū de bùjiàn  ―  to disappear suddenly (where *倏不見 is unacceptable in Modern Standard Chinese)
    • However, there is an exception:
      回頭回头  ―  měng huítóu  ―  to turn the head back suddenly
      回頭回头  ―  měng de huítóu  ―  to turn the head back suddenly

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 3[edit]

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to etymology 2?”)

    trad.
    simp. #
    alternative forms

    Pronunciation[edit]


    Definitions[edit]

    1. (Cantonese) Placed after a reduplicated adjective or stative verb to lessen its intensity.
      [Cantonese]  ―  hung4 hung4-2 dei6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  kind of red
      [Cantonese]  ―  bok6 bok6-2 dei6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  kind of thin
      [Cantonese]  ―  geng1 geng1 dei6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to be kind of scared
      [Cantonese]  ―  ai2 ai2 dei6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  kind of short
    Usage notes[edit]
    • This suffix is accompanied by a tone change in the reduplicated word, where the second occurrence is changed to the second tone (unless its original tone is the first or second tone), as seen in the examples above.

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 4[edit]

    trad.
    simp. #

    Pronunciation[edit]


    Definitions[edit]

    1. (Hokkien, Teochew) Alternative form of (“place”).
    2. (Taiwanese Hokkien) Alternative form of (“home”).

    Etymology 5[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“Cantonese plurality marker”).
    (This character, , is a variant form of .)

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. earth; ground

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 2
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese (dijH). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing. Compare modern Mandarin .

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    () (ji (di)?

    1. earth, dirt
    2. fabric, cloth
      • いくらか(うす)()には(そう)()なくっても(あつ)いには(きま)ってる。
        Ikura ka usui ji ni wa sōi nakutte mo atsui ni wa kimatteru.
        However thin the cloth, flannel is flannel and must have been pretty warm at that time of the year.
    3. (game of Go) territory

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 2
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese (dijH). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing. The devoicing of the initial consonant might indicate a dialectal source. Compare modern Hakka thi, Min Nan .

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    () (chi

    1. earth, land, ground
    2. a place, a region, a piece of land
    3. territory, dominion
    4. (of a crate, etc.) the bottom
    5. (printing, of a page) the bottom margin
      Hypernym: マージン
      Antonym:

    Suffix[edit]

    () (-chi

    1. place, area

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    つち
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese.[2][1]

    Alternative forms[edit]

    • (more common for this reading)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (つち) (tsuchi

    1. earth, dirt, mud, soil
    2. the ground
    3. the earth (as opposed to the heavens)
    4. the ground or bottom of something (as of a price range)

    References[edit]

    1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese (MC diɪH).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 띵〮 (Yale: ttí)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] ᄯᅡ〮 (Yale: stá) 디〮 (Yale: )

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (ttang ji))

    1. Hanja form? of (earth; land; ground). [affix]

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Việt readings: địa[1][2][3]
    : Nôm readings: địa[1][2][3][4], đĩa[1][2], gịa[1], đất[2], rịa[3]

    1. chữ Hán form of địa (earth; ground; land).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]