向

Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 冋, 尚, 何, 同, 回, and 嚮
向 U+5411, 向
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5411
← 吐
[U+5410] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 吒 →
[U+5412]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
0 strokes

Han character[edit]

向 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹月口 (HBR), four-corner 27220, composition ⿱丿冋 or ⿵𰃦口)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 176, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3301
  • Dae Jaweon: page 393, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 579, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+5411

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 向
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (向) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
晌 *hljaŋʔ
餉 *hljaŋs
向 *hljaŋs, *hlaŋs
珦 *hljaŋs, *hlaŋs

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 宀 (“house”) + 口 (“mouth”), echos in a place. The original form of 響. It was borrowed to represent 𠨍 (嚮) later.

Etymology 1[edit]

simp. and trad.
 向
“ACG: for (directed at, intended to belong to)”
Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 向(む)け (muke).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • hiòng/hiàng - literary;
  • hiàⁿ/ǹg/àⁿ - vernacular.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 向
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
    Final (韻) 陽 (105)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 許亮切
    Baxter xjangH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/hɨɐŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/hiɐŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xiɑŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/hɨaŋH/
    Li
    Rong         		/xiaŋH/
    Wang
    Li         		/xĭaŋH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/xi̯aŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xiàng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		hoeng3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 向
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xiàng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xjangH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*n̥aŋ-s/
    English window facing North; turn towards

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 向
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 13660
    Phonetic
    component         		向
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		向
    Old
    Chinese         		/*hlaŋs/
    Definitions[edit]

    向

    1. to face
      向陽／向阳  ―  xiàngyáng  ―  to face the sun
      大門向南／大门向南  ―  dàmén xiàng nán  ―  the entrance faces south
      相向而行  ―  xiàng xiàng ér xíng  ―  to walk towards each other
    2. to side with; to favour; to discriminate in favour of
    3. (literary) to admire; to revere
    4. (literary) to approach; to advance towards
      向晚  ―  xiàngwǎn  ―  evening
    5. direction
      風向／风向  ―  fēngxiàng  ―  wind direction
      志向  ―  zhìxiàng  ―  ambitions
    6. towards; to
      向東走／向东走  ―  xiàng dōng zǒu  ―  to go east
      流向大海  ―  liú xiàng dàhǎi  ―  to flow towards the sea
      向警方報案／向警方报案  ―  xiàng jǐngfāng bào'àn  ―  to report a crime to the post
      我有些問題想向您請教。 [MSC, trad.]
      我有些问题想向您请教。 [MSC, simp.]
      Wǒ yǒu xiē wèntí xiǎng xiàng nín qǐngjiào. [Pinyin]
      (please add an English translation of this example)
      大家紛紛把目光投向他。 [MSC, trad.]
      大家纷纷把目光投向他。 [MSC, simp.]
      Dàjiā fēnfēn bǎ mùguāng tóu xiàng tā. [Pinyin]
      Everyone cast their gaze towards him.
    7. (literary) the old days; the past
    8. always; throughout
      向有研究  ―  xiàng yǒu yánjiū  ―  (please add an English translation of this example)
    9. (Taivoan religious concept) sorcery, taboo, and magic
    10. (chiefly ACG, suffix forming attributive adjectives) for (directed at, intended to belong to)
    Compounds[edit]
    Derived terms from 向

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Rime
    Character 向
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 書 (26)
    Final (韻) 陽 (105)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 式亮切
    Baxter syangH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɕɨɐŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɕiɐŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɕiɑŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɕɨaŋH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɕiaŋH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɕĭaŋH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ɕi̯aŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shàng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		soeng3
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 向
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 13658
    Phonetic
    component         		向
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		餉
    Old
    Chinese         		/*hljaŋs/
    Definitions[edit]

    向

    1. An ancient state in modern Shandong
    2. name of two places in modern Henan
    3. a surname

    Etymology 2[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 向 – see 嚮 (“toward; facing; against; etc.”).
    (This character, 向, is the simplified and ancient form of 嚮.)
    Notes:

    Etymology 3[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 向 – see 曏 (“in the near past; in the past; formerly; facing; against; etc.”).
    (This character, 向, is the simplified form of 曏.)
    Notes:

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    向

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. yonder
    2. facing

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    向(むかい) • (Mukai) ←むかひ (mukafi)?

    1. a surname

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    向 (eumhun 향할 향 (hyanghal hyang))

    1. Hanja form? of 향 (“facing”).

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    向 (eumhun 성 상 (seong sang))

    1. Hanja form? of 상 (“a surname.”).

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    向: Hán Nôm readings: hướng

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=向&oldid=73154327"