許

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See also: 许
許 U+8A31, 許
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A31
← 訰
[U+8A30] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 訲 →
[U+8A32]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

許 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜口人十 (YROJ), four-corner 08640, composition ⿰言午)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1151, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35298
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1618, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3946, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+8A31

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (午) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
卸 *sŋjaːs
汻 *hŋaːŋʔ
滸 *hŋaːʔ
午 *ŋaːʔ
仵 *ŋaːʔ
旿 *ŋaːʔ
忤 *ŋaːs
迕 *ŋaːs
杵 *ŋ̊ʰjaʔ
籞 *ŋaʔ
蘌 *ŋaʔ
篽 *ŋaʔ
禦 *ŋaʔ, *ŋas
許 *hŋaʔ
御 *ŋas

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hŋaʔ): semantic 言 (“speech; words”) + phonetic 午 (OC *ŋaːʔ).

Etymology 1[edit]

trad. 許
simp. 许

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • hī - vernacular;
  • hṳ̄ - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • hú/hír/hí - literary;
    • khó͘ - vernacular (surname).
    Note:
    • he2 - literary;
    • kou2 - vernacular (surname).
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 許
    Mandarin Beijing /ɕy²¹⁴/
    Harbin /ɕy²¹³/
    Tianjin /ɕy¹³/
    Jinan /ɕy⁵⁵/
    Qingdao /ɕy⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /ɕy⁵³/
    Xi'an /ɕy⁵³/
    Xining /ɕy⁵³/
    Yinchuan /ɕy⁵³/
    Lanzhou /ɕy⁴⁴²/
    Ürümqi /ɕy⁵¹/
    Wuhan /ɕy⁴²/
    Chengdu /ɕy⁵³/
    Guiyang /ɕi⁴²/
    Kunming /ɕi⁵³/
    Nanjing /ɕy²¹²/
    Hefei /sz̩ʷ²⁴/
    Jin Taiyuan /ɕy⁵³/
    Pingyao /ɕy⁵³/
    Hohhot /ɕy⁵³/
    Wu Shanghai /ɕy³⁵/
    Suzhou /ɕy⁵¹/
    Hangzhou /sz̩ʷ⁵³/
    Wenzhou /ɕy³⁵/
    Hui Shexian /ɕy³⁵/
    Tunxi /ɕy³¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ɕy⁴¹/
    Xiangtan /ɕy⁴²/
    Gan Nanchang /ɕy²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /hi³¹/
    Taoyuan /hi³¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /høy³⁵/
    Nanning /hy³⁵/
    Hong Kong /høy³⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hu⁵³/
    /kʰɔ⁵³/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /hy³²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xy²¹/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /hɯ⁵³/
    /kʰou⁵³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /hu²¹³/
    /xɔu²¹³/
    Rime
    Character 許
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
    Final (韻) 魚 (22)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 虚吕切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/hɨʌX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/hiɔX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xiɔX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/hɨə̆X/
    Li
    Rong         		/xiɔX/
    Wang
    Li         		/xĭoX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/xi̯woX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xǔ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		heoi2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 許
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xǔ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xjoX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰ(r)aʔ/
    English place (n.); allow

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 許
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 13180
    Phonetic
    component         		午
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese         		/*hŋaʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    許

    1. to allow; to permit
      只許看，不許吃 / 只许看，不许吃  ―  zhǐ xǔ kàn, bùxǔ chī  ―  it is only permitted to look at it but not to eat it
    2. to promise
      許下承諾 / 许下承诺  ―  xǔ xià chéngnuò  ―  to make a promise
    3. to betroth
      我們家姑娘已經許了人家兒了。 [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
      我们家姑娘已经许了人家儿了。 [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
      Wǒmen jiā gūniang yǐjīng xǔ le rénjiar le. [Pinyin]
      Our miss has already been betrothed.
    4. to praise
      稱許 / 称许  ―  chēngxǔ  ―  to praise
    5. maybe; perhaps
    6. (literary) approximately
      下午三時許 / 下午三时许  ―  xiàwǔ sān shí xǔ  ―  about 3 pm
    7. so; such
      許久 / 许久  ―  xǔjiǔ  ―  a long time
    8. (literary) place
    9. A surname​.
      許慎 / 许慎  ―  Xǔ Shèn  ―  Xu Shen (author of Shuowen Jiezi)

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    • → English: Xu, Hsu, Hui, Koh
    • → Tagalog: Co, Ko (via Hokkien)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    trad. 許
    simp. 许
    This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
    Particularly: “Relevant discussions: 汉语方言指示词“尔”的共时分布与历史来源; 幾個閩語語法成份的時間層次”

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Note:
    • hu2 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai;
    • hi2 - Lufeng, Haifeng.

    Definitions[edit]

    許

    1. (Gan, Min, Wu) that
    Synonyms[edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 那 (“that”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 彼, 其, 夫, 爾
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 那, 該
    Mandarin Beijing 那
    Taiwan 那
    Tianjin 那
    Xi'an 兀3
    Malaysia 那
    Singapore 那
    Cantonese Guangzhou 嗰
    Hong Kong 嗰
    Macau 嗰
    Taishan 嚀, 𡃕
    Dongguan 嗰
    Yangjiang 那
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 嗰
    Singapore (Guangfu) 嗰
    Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 該
    Pingtung (Neipu, S. Sixian) 該
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong, Hailu) 該
    Taichung (Dongshi, Dabu) 該
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin, Raoping) 該
    Yunlin (Lunbei, Zhao'an) 遐
    Kuching (Hepo) 嗰
    Huizhou Jixi 那
    Jin Taiyuan 兀3
    Xinzhou 𠰻
    Min Bei Jian'ou 兀4
    Min Dong Fuzhou 許
    Singapore (Fuqing) 許
    Min Nan Xiamen 彼, 許
    Quanzhou 彼, 許
    Zhangzhou 彼, 許
    Taipei 彼
    Kaohsiung 彼
    Penang (Hokkien) 彼
    Singapore (Hokkien) 彼
    Manila (Hokkien) 彼, 許
    Chaozhou 許
    Shantou 許
    Haifeng 許
    Singapore (Teochew) 許
    Batam (Teochew) 許
    Wenchang 許
    Singapore (Hainanese) 許
    Wu Shanghai 埃, 伊
    Wenzhou 許

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    許

    (grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. permit
    2. approve

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    許 (eumhun 허락할 허 (heorakhal heo))

    1. Hanja form? of 허 (“approve”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    許: Hán Nôm readings: hứa, hớ, hở, hử, hữ, ngỏ

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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