許

See also: 许

許 U+8A31, 許 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A31 ← 訰 [U+8A30] CJK Unified Ideographs 訲 → [U+8A32]

Translingual

Han character

許 (radical 149, 言+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜口人十 (YROJ), four-corner 0864₀, composition ⿰言午)

References

• KangXi: page 1151, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35298
• Dae Jaweon: page 1618, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3946, character 9
• Unihan data for U+8A31

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (午) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
卸	*sŋjaːs
汻	*hŋaːŋʔ
滸	*hŋaːʔ
午	*ŋaːʔ
仵	*ŋaːʔ
旿	*ŋaːʔ
忤	*ŋaːs
迕	*ŋaːs
杵	*ŋ̊ʰjaʔ
籞	*ŋaʔ
蘌	*ŋaʔ
篽	*ŋaʔ
禦	*ŋaʔ, *ŋas
許	*hŋaʔ
御	*ŋas

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hŋaʔ): semantic 言 (“speech; words”) + phonetic 午 (OC *ŋaːʔ).

Etymology 1

trad.		許
simp.		许

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): xǔ (xu³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩˇ

  (Chengdu, SP): xu³

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): heoi²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hui²

• Gan (Wiktionary): xy³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): hí

  (Meixian, Guangdong): hi³

• Jin (Wiktionary): xy²
• Min Bei (KCR): hṳ̌
• Min Dong (BUC): hṳ̄
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hú / hír / hí / khó͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): he² / kou²

• Wu (Wiktionary): xy (T2)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): xy³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: xǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩˇ
    • Wade–Giles: hsü³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheu
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕy²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: xu³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xy
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕy⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: heoi²
    • Yale: héui
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hoey²
    • Guangdong Romanization: hêu²
    • IPA ^(key): /hɵy̯³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: hui²
    • IPA ^(key): /hui⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: xy³
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕy²¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hí
    • Hakka Romanization System: hi`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hi³
    • IPA: /hi³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: hi³
    • IPA: /çi³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: xy²
    • IPA (old-style): /ɕy⁵³/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hṳ̌
    • IPA ^(key): /xy²¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hṳ̄
    • IPA ^(key): /hy³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Tainan, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hú
    • Tâi-lô: hú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: huo
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /hu⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Hsinchu, Kinmen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hír
    • Tâi-lô: hír
    • IPA (Kinmen): /hɯ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɯ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Hsinchu, Yilan, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hí
    • Tâi-lô: hí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hie
    • IPA (Philippines): /hi⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hi⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hi⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘
    • Tâi-lô: khóo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qor
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kʰɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/

Note:

• hú/hír/hí - literary;
• khó͘ - vernacular (surname).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: he² / kou²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hṳ́ / khóu
  • IPA ^(key): /hɯ⁵²/, /kʰou⁵²/

Note:

• he2 - literary;
• kou2 - vernacular (surname).

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: xy (T2)
  • IPA ^(key): /ɕy³⁴/

Xiang

• (Changsha)
  • Wiktionary: xy³
  • IPA ^(key): /ɕy⁴¹/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 許
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕy²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/ɕy²¹³/
	Tianjin	/ɕy¹³/
	Jinan	/ɕy⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/ɕy⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕy⁵³/
	Xi'an	/ɕy⁵³/
	Xining	/ɕy⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/ɕy⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕy⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/ɕy⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ɕy⁴²/
	Chengdu	/ɕy⁵³/
	Guiyang	/ɕi⁴²/
	Kunming	/ɕi⁵³/
	Nanjing	/ɕy²¹²/
	Hefei	/sz̩ʷ²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕy⁵³/
	Pingyao	/ɕy⁵³/
	Hohhot	/ɕy⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕy³⁵/
	Suzhou	/ɕy⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/sz̩ʷ⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/ɕy³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕy³⁵/
	Tunxi	/ɕy³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕy⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/ɕy⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕy²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/hi³¹/
	Taoyuan	/hi³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/høy³⁵/
	Nanning	/hy³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/høy³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hu⁵³/ /kʰɔ⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hy³²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xy²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hɯ⁵³/ /kʰou⁵³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hu²¹³/ /xɔu²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: /hɨʌ^X/▼

Rime
Character	許
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	虚吕切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨʌX/
Pan Wuyun	/hiɔX/
Shao Rongfen	/xiɔX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨə̆X/
Li Rong	/xiɔX/
Wang Li	/xĭoX/
Bernard Karlgren	/xi̯woX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xǔ

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*hŋaʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	許
Reading #	1/1
No.	13180
Phonetic component	午
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*hŋaʔ/

Definitions

許

1. to allow; to permit
2. to promise
3. to betroth
4. A surname​.

Compounds

• 不許／不许 (bùxǔ)
• 丹誠相許／丹诚相许
• 也許／也许 (yěxǔ)
• 些許／些许 (xiēxǔ)
• 以身相許／以身相许
• 以身許國／以身许国
• 何許／何许 (héxǔ)
• 何許人／何许人
• 倒許／倒许
• 允許／允许 (yǔnxǔ)
• 公許碼頭／公许码头
• 准許／准许 (zhǔnxǔ)
• 口許／口许
• 嘉許／嘉许
• 如許／如许
• 孤高自許／孤高自许
• 容許／容许 (róngxǔ)
• 寧許／宁许
• 封官許願／封官许愿
• 少許／少许 (shǎoxǔ)

• 幾許／几许
• 心許／心许
• 應許／应许 (yīngxǔ)
• 或許／或许 (huòxǔ)
• 推許／推许
• 期許／期许 (qīxǔ)
• 滿應滿許／满应满许
• 片許／片许
• 特許／特许 (tèxǔ)
• 特許行業／特许行业
• 特許費／特许费
• 目成心許／目成心许
• 稍許／稍许 (shāoxǔ)
• 稱許／称许
• 肯許／肯许
• 自我期許／自我期许
• 自許／自许
• 興許／兴许 (xīngxǔ)
• 許久／许久 (xǔjiǔ)
• 許事／许事

• 許可／许可 (xǔkě)
• 許可證／许可证 (xǔkězhèng)
• 許多／许多 (xǔduō)
• 許大／许大
• 許婚／许婚 (xǔhūn)
• 許嫁／许嫁 (xǔjià)
• 許字／许字
• 許宣／许宣
• 許愿／许愿
• 許由棄瓢／许由弃瓢
• 許由洗耳／许由洗耳
• 許許／许许
• 許許多多／许许多多 (xǔxǔduōduō)
• 許諾／许诺 (xǔnuò)
• 許身／许身
• 許配／许配 (xǔpèi)
• 許願／许愿 (xǔyuàn)
• 讚許／赞许 (zànxǔ)
• 邪許／邪许
• 默許／默许 (mòxǔ)

Descendants

• → Tagalog: Co, Ko (via Hokkien)

Etymology 2

trad.		許
simp.		许

Pronunciation

• Gan (Wiktionary): he³
• Min Dong (BUC): hṳ̄ / hī
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hí / hír

  (Teochew, Peng'im): he² / hu² / hi²

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• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: he³
    • IPA ^(key): /he²¹³/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hṳ̄ / hī
    • IPA ^(key): /hy³³/, /hi³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hí
    • Tâi-lô: hí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hie
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hi⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hír
    • Tâi-lô: hír
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɯ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: he² / hu² / hi²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hṳ́ / hú / hí
    • IPA ^(key): /hɯ⁵²/, /hu⁵²/, /hi⁵²/

Note:

• hu2 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai;
• hi2 - Lufeng, Haifeng.

Definitions

許

1. (Gan, Min, Wu) that

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Japanese

Kanji

許

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. permit
2. approve

Readings

• Goon: こ (ko)
• Kan’on: きょ (kyo, Jōyō)
• Kun: ゆるす (yurusu, 許す, Jōyō); ばかり (bakari, 許り); もと (moto, 許)

Compounds

Compounds

• お手許 (てもと) (otemoto), 御手許 (おてもと) (otemoto)
• 不 (ふ)許 (きょ) (fukyo): not permitting

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Korean

Hanja

許 • (heo, ho) (hangeul 허, 호, revised Hur, heo, ho, McCune–Reischauer hŏ, ho, Yale he, ho)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

許 (hứa, hớ, hở, hử, hữ, ngỏ)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.