許

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See also: 许
許 U+8A31, 許
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A31
← 訰
[U+8A30] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 訲 →
[U+8A32]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

許 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜口人十 (YROJ), four-corner 08640, composition ⿰訁午)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1151, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35298
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1618, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3946, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+8A31

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (午) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
卸 *sŋjaːs
汻 *hŋaːŋʔ
滸 *hŋaːʔ
午 *ŋaːʔ
仵 *ŋaːʔ
旿 *ŋaːʔ
忤 *ŋaːs
迕 *ŋaːs
杵 *ŋ̊ʰjaʔ
籞 *ŋaʔ
蘌 *ŋaʔ
篽 *ŋaʔ
禦 *ŋaʔ, *ŋas
許 *hŋaʔ
御 *ŋas

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hŋaʔ): semantic 言 (“speech; words”) + phonetic 午 (OC *ŋaːʔ).

Etymology 1[edit]

trad. 許
simp. 许

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • hī - vernacular;
  • hṳ̄ - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • hú/hír/hí - literary;
    • khó͘ - vernacular (surname).
    Note:
    • he2 - literary;
    • kou2 - vernacular (surname).
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 許
    Mandarin Beijing /ɕy²¹⁴/
    Harbin /ɕy²¹³/
    Tianjin /ɕy¹³/
    Jinan /ɕy⁵⁵/
    Qingdao /ɕy⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /ɕy⁵³/
    Xi'an /ɕy⁵³/
    Xining /ɕy⁵³/
    Yinchuan /ɕy⁵³/
    Lanzhou /ɕy⁴⁴²/
    Ürümqi /ɕy⁵¹/
    Wuhan /ɕy⁴²/
    Chengdu /ɕy⁵³/
    Guiyang /ɕi⁴²/
    Kunming /ɕi⁵³/
    Nanjing /ɕy²¹²/
    Hefei /sz̩ʷ²⁴/
    Jin Taiyuan /ɕy⁵³/
    Pingyao /ɕy⁵³/
    Hohhot /ɕy⁵³/
    Wu Shanghai /ɕy³⁵/
    Suzhou /ɕy⁵¹/
    Hangzhou /sz̩ʷ⁵³/
    Wenzhou /ɕy³⁵/
    Hui Shexian /ɕy³⁵/
    Tunxi /ɕy³¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ɕy⁴¹/
    Xiangtan /ɕy⁴²/
    Gan Nanchang /ɕy²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /hi³¹/
    Taoyuan /hi³¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /høy³⁵/
    Nanning /hy³⁵/
    Hong Kong /høy³⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hu⁵³/
    /kʰɔ⁵³/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /hy³²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xy²¹/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /hɯ⁵³/
    /kʰou⁵³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /hu²¹³/
    /xɔu²¹³/
    Rime
    Character 許
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
    Final (韻) 魚 (22)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 虚吕切
    Baxter xjoX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/hɨʌX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/hiɔX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xiɔX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/hɨə̆X/
    Li
    Rong         		/xiɔX/
    Wang
    Li         		/xĭoX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/xi̯woX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xǔ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		heoi2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 許
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xǔ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xjoX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰ(r)aʔ/
    English place (n.); allow

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 許
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 13180
    Phonetic
    component         		午
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese         		/*hŋaʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    許

    1. to allow; to permit
      只許看，不許吃／只许看，不许吃  ―  zhǐ xǔ kàn, bùxǔ chī  ―  it is only permitted to look at it but not to eat it
    2. to promise
      許下承諾／许下承诺  ―  xǔ xià chéngnuò  ―  to make a promise
    3. to betroth
      我們家姑娘已經許了人家兒了。 [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
      我们家姑娘已经许了人家儿了。 [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
      Wǒmen jiā gūniang yǐjīng xǔ le rénjiar le. [Pinyin]
      Our miss has already been betrothed.
    4. to praise
      稱許／称许  ―  chēngxǔ  ―  to praise
    5. maybe; perhaps
    6. (literary) approximately
      下午三時許／下午三时许  ―  xiàwǔ sān shí xǔ  ―  about 3 pm
    7. so; such
      許久／许久  ―  xǔjiǔ  ―  a long time
    8. (literary) place
    9. a surname
      許慎／许慎  ―  Xǔ Shèn  ―  Xu Shen (author of Shuowen Jiezi)

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    • → English: Hsu, Hsü, Hui, Koh, Sheu, Syu, Xu
    • → Tagalog: Co, Ko (via Hokkien)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    trad. 許
    simp. 许

    Zheng (2017) suggested from 爾 (OC *njelʔ, “that”). Compare 耳 (OC *njɯʔ, “ear”) > Min Nan hī.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Note:
    • hu2 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai;
    • hi2 - Lufeng, Haifeng.

    Definitions[edit]

    許

    1. (Gan, Min, Wu) that
    Synonyms[edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 那 (“that”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 彼, 其, 夫, 爾
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 那, 該
    Mandarin Beijing 那
    Taiwan 那
    Tianjin 那
    Chengde 那
    Tangshan 那
    Cangzhou 那
    Baoding 那
    Shijiazhuang 那
    Chifeng 那
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 那
    Heihe 那
    Qiqihar 那
    Harbin 那
    Jiamusi 那
    Baicheng 那
    Changchun 那
    Tonghua 那
    Shenyang 那
    Dandong 那
    Jinzhou 那
    Dalian 那
    Yantai 那, 乜
    Yantai (Muping) 那
    Lijin 那, 乜
    Zhucheng 那, 乜
    Jinan 那
    Wanrong 𠰻, 兀3, 奈
    Shangqiu 那
    Yuanyang 那
    Zhengzhou 那
    Lingbao 那
    Xinyang 那
    Baihe 那
    Hanzhong 那
    Xi'an 兀3, 那
    Baoji 那
    Yinchuan 那, 呶
    Tianshui 那
    Lanzhou 那
    Dunhuang 那
    Xining 那
    Hami 那
    Ürümqi 那
    Wuhan 那
    Yichang 那
    Xiangyang 那
    Tianmen 那
    Hong'an 那
    Chengdu 那
    Nanchong 那
    Dazhou 那
    Hanyuan 那
    Xichang 那
    Zigong 那
    Chongqing 那
    Guiyang 那
    Zunyi 那
    Bijie 那
    Liping 那
    Zhaotong 那
    Dali 那
    Kunming 那
    Mengzi 那
    Guilin 那
    Liuzhou 那
    Jishou 那
    Changde 那
    Xuzhou 那
    Pizhou 那
    Ganyu 那
    Fuyang 那
    Wuhu 那, 顧
    Yangzhou 那
    Baoying 那
    Lianyungang 那
    Donghai 那
    Huai'an (Huaiyin) 那
    Lianshui 那
    Nanjing 那
    Hefei 那
    Nantong 葛
    Rugao 那
    Yancheng 那
    Funing 那
    Sihong 那
    Taizhou 那
    Zhenjiang 那
    Malaysia 那
    Singapore 那
    Cantonese Guangzhou 嗰
    Hong Kong 嗰
    Macau 嗰
    Taishan 嚀, 𡃕
    Dongguan 嗰
    Yangjiang 那
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 嗰
    Singapore (Guangfu) 嗰
    Gan Nanchang 許
    Nanchang (Wangcheng) 許
    Anyi 爾
    Lushan 爾
    Pengze 爾
    Duchang 爾
    Wuning (Quankou) 爾
    Poyang 爾
    Yugan 爾
    Wannian 那
    Hengfeng 爾
    Yanshan 爾
    Yanshan 爾
    Leping 恁
    Fengxin 許
    Wanzai 許
    Fengcheng 許
    Xinyu 許
    Fuzhou (Shangdundu) 恁
    Fuzhou (Dongxiang) 恁
    Nancheng 階
    Nanfeng 許
    Yihuang 里
    Lichuan 許
    Chongren 許
    Pingxiang 恁
    Ji'an 改
    Yongfeng 蓋
    Xiajiang 許
    Yingtan (Yujiang) 里
    Guixi 許
    Jinxian 恁
    Jinxi 恁
    Le'an 許
    Guangchang 該
    Anfu 改
    Wan'an 介
    Jing'an 許
    Hakka Changting 解
    Shanghang 介
    Wuping 解
    Liancheng 解
    Qingliu 介
    Yudu 界
    Shangyou (Shexi) 界
    Dayu 密
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 該
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 該
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 該
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 該
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 該
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 遐
    Hong Kong 哎
    Kuching (Hepo) 嗰
    Huizhou Jixi 那
    Shexian 那
    Wuyuan 箇
    Fuliang 爾
    Jin Taiyuan 兀3, 那
    Yangyuan 那
    Datong 那
    Xinzhou 𠰻
    Lishi 那, 𠰻
    Linfen 兀
    Changzhi 那
    Linhe 那
    Jining 那
    Hohhot 那
    Erenhot 那
    Pingshan 那
    Zhangjiakou 那
    Handan 那
    Suide 那
    Min Bei Jian'ou 兀4
    Songxi 兀4
    Zhenghe 兀4
    Jianyang 兀4
    Min Dong Fuzhou 許
    Changle 許
    Lianjiang 許
    Fuqing 許
    Pingtan 許
    Yongtai 許
    Minqing 許
    Gutian 許
    Pingnan 許
    Luoyuan 許
    Fu'an 許
    Xiapu 許
    Zherong 那
    Shouning 許
    Zhouning 許
    Fuding 許
    Singapore (Fuqing) 許
    Min Nan Xiamen 彼, 許
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 彼
    Quanzhou 彼, 許
    Jinjiang 彼
    Nan'an 彼
    Shishi 彼
    Hui'an 彼
    Anxi 彼
    Yongchun 彼
    Dehua 彼
    Zhangzhou 彼, 許
    Zhangzhou (Longhai) 彼
    Zhangzhou (Changtai) 彼
    Hua'an 彼
    Nanjing 彼
    Pinghe 彼
    Zhangpu 彼
    Yunxiao 彼
    Zhao'an 彼
    Dongshan 彼
    Taipei 彼
    Kaohsiung 彼
    Penghu (Xiyu) 那
    Singapore (Hokkien) 彼
    Manila (Hokkien) 彼, 許
    Datian 彼
    Chaozhou 許
    Shantou 許
    Haifeng 許
    Singapore (Teochew) 許
    Batam (Teochew) 許
    Wenchang 許
    Singapore (Hainanese) 許
    Shaojiang Min Guangze 兀4
    Mingxi 兀4
    Wu Shanghai 埃, 伊
    Shanghai (Chongming) 艾, 港, 葛 also this
    Shanghai (Songjiang) 威
    Suzhou 歸
    Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang) 介面
    Wuxi 過
    Changshu 過
    Changzhou 過
    Danyang 過
    Gaochun (Zhongbao) 古
    Wenzhou 許
    Shangrao 麼
    Yushan 忽
    Xiang Changsha 那
    Shuangfeng 喏

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    許

    (grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. permit
    2. approve

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    許 (eumhun 허락할 허 (heorakhal heo))

    1. Hanja form? of 허 (“approve”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    許: Hán Nôm readings: hứa, hớ, hở, hử, hữ, ngỏ

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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