慎

See also: 愼 and 惧

慎 U+614E, 慎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-614E ← 慍 [U+614D] CJK Unified Ideographs 慏 → [U+614F]

Translingual

Japanese	慎
Simplified	慎
Traditional	慎

Alternative forms

Note the different forms, corresponds to different forms of 真.

Han character

慎 (radical 61, 心+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 心十月金 (PJBC), four-corner 9408₁, composition ⿰忄真)

References

• KangXi: not present, would follow page 398, character 26
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11024
• Dae Jaweon: page 735, character 35
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2336, character 2
• Unihan data for U+614E

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		慎

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (真) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
寘	*tjels
䡩	*kʰriːn
黰	*ʔriːn, *ʔljinʔ
顛	*tiːn, *tʰiːns
滇	*tiːn, *tʰiːns, *diːn
齻	*tiːn
槙	*tiːn, *tjinʔ
瘨	*tiːn
傎	*tiːn
蹎	*tiːn
厧	*tiːn
巔	*tiːn
癲	*tiːn
瑱	*tʰiːns, *tins
填	*diːn, *diːns, *tin, *tins
窴	*diːn, *diːns
闐	*diːn, *diːns
磌	*diːn, *tjin
鷏	*diːn
嗔	*diːn, *tʰjin
搷	*diːn
鎮	*tin, *tins
縝	*tʰin, *ʔljinʔ, *tʰjin
真	*ʔljin
禛	*tjin
稹	*ʔljin, *ʔljinʔ
蒖	*tjin
鬒	*ʔljinʔ
瞋	*tʰjin
謓	*tʰjin
慎	*djins

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *djins): semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 真 (OC *ʔljin) – a behavior trait (heart), care, caution. Note that 真 means “truth, genuine, sincerity”, hence connotations of “acting sincerely, with care”.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shèn (shen⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): san⁶
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): sīn / sīm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sim⁷ / sim²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: shèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˋ
    • Wade–Giles: shên⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenn
    • IPA ^(key): /ʂən⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: san⁶
    • Yale: sahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: san⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: sen⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /sɐn²²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sīn
    • Tâi-lô: sīn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sin
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɕin³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɕin²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕin⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sīm
    • Tâi-lô: sīm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sim
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɕim³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sim⁷ / sim²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sīm / sím
    • IPA ^(key): /sim¹¹/, /sim⁵²/

Note: sim2 - 俗讀.

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• Middle Chinese: /d͡ʑiɪn^H/▼

Rime
Character	慎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	真 (43)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	時刃切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiɪnH/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑinH/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjenH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑinH/
Li Rong	/ʑiĕnH/
Wang Li	/ʑĭĕnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ĕnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shèn

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]i[n]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*djins/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	慎
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shèn
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyinH ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]i[n]-s/
English	careful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	慎
Reading #	1/1
No.	17082
Phonetic component	眞
Rime group	眞
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	愼
Old Chinese	/*djins/

Definitions

慎

1. prudent; cautious; careful

Compounds

• 不慎 (bùshèn)
• 勤慎
• 失慎
• 審慎／审慎 (shěnshèn)
• 小心謹慎／小心谨慎
• 恪慎
• 慎刑
• 慎始
• 慎始敬終／慎始敬终
• 慎子
• 慎密
• 慎小謹微／慎小谨微
• 慎微
• 慎思

• 慎思明辨
• 慎獨／慎独 (shèndú)
• 慎終如始／慎终如始
• 慎終若始／慎终若始
• 慎終追遠／慎终追远
• 慎行
• 慎言
• 慎謀能斷／慎谋能断
• 慎重 (shènzhòng)
• 慎重其事
• 慎防
• 慎防杜漸／慎防杜渐
• 慎默
• 敬小慎微

• 敬慎
• 日慎一日
• 明德慎罰／明德慎罚
• 明慎
• 明賞慎罰／明赏慎罚
• 杜微慎防
• 淑慎
• 清慎
• 肅慎／肃慎 (Sùshèn)
• 謹小慎微／谨小慎微 (jǐnxiǎoshènwēi)
• 謹慎／谨慎 (jǐnshèn)
• 謹言慎行／谨言慎行
• 謹謹慎慎／谨谨慎慎

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Japanese

Shinjitai	慎
Kyūjitai	愼

Kanji

慎

(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 愼)

1. humility
2. be careful
3. discrete
4. prudent

Readings

• Go-on: じん (jin)
• Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
• Kun: つつしむ (tsutsushimu, 慎む, Jōyō); つつしみ (tsutsushimi)
• Nanori: みつ (mitsu)

Proper noun

慎 (hiragana しん, rōmaji Shin)

1. A male given name

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Vietnamese

Han character

慎 (thận)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.