慎

See also: 愼 and 惧

慎 U+614E, 慎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-614E ← 慍 [U+614D] CJK Unified Ideographs 慏 → [U+614F]

慎 U+FA87, 慎 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA87 ← 惘 [U+FA86] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 愈 → [U+FA88]

慎 U+2F8A8, 慎 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8A8 ← 慌 [U+2F8A7] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 慌 → [U+2F8A9]

Translingual

Traditional	慎
Simplified	慎
Japanese	慎
Korean	愼

Alternative forms

Note the different forms, which correspond to different forms of 真.

Han character

慎 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 心十月金 (PJBC), four-corner 9408₁, composition ⿰忄真)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 398, character 26
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11024
• Dae Jaweon: page 735, character 35
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2336, character 2
• Unihan data for U+614E

• Unihan data for U+FA87

• Unihan data for U+2F8A8

Chinese

trad.		慎/愼
simp.		慎
2nd round simp.		𰑝
alternative forms		㥲 昚 眘 𡴜 𦚉 㥲 昚 眘 𡴜 𦚉 𡸱

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 慎
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (真) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
寘	*tjels
䡩	*kʰriːn
黰	*ʔriːn, *ʔljinʔ
顛	*tiːn, *tʰiːns
滇	*tiːn, *tʰiːns, *diːn
齻	*tiːn
槙	*tiːn, *tjinʔ
瘨	*tiːn
傎	*tiːn
蹎	*tiːn
厧	*tiːn
巔	*tiːn
癲	*tiːn
瑱	*tʰiːns, *tins
填	*diːn, *diːns, *tin, *tins
窴	*diːn, *diːns
闐	*diːn, *diːns
磌	*diːn, *tjin
鷏	*diːn
嗔	*diːn, *tʰjin
搷	*diːn
鎮	*tin, *tins
縝	*tʰin, *ʔljinʔ, *tʰjin
真	*ʔljin
禛	*tjin
稹	*ʔljin, *ʔljinʔ
蒖	*tjin
鬒	*ʔljinʔ
瞋	*tʰjin
謓	*tʰjin
慎	*djins

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *djins): semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 真 (OC *ʔljin) – a behavior trait (heart), care, caution. Note that 真 means “truth, genuine, sincerity”, hence connotations of “acting sincerely, with care”.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shèn (shen⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): san⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sṳ́m

  (Hailu, HRS): shim^ˊ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): sem³

• Eastern Min (BUC): sêng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sīn / sīm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sim⁷ / sim²

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶zen / ⁶zeen / ⁶zyun / ⁶zon
  • (Jinhua): ⁶zhiun

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shèn
    • Wade–Giles: shên⁴
    • Yale: shèn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenn
    • Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂən⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: san⁶
    • Yale: sahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: san⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: sen⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ́m
    • Hakka Romanization System: siim^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sim³
    • Sinological IPA: /sɨm³¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: shim^ˊ
    • Sinological IPA: /ʃim²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: sem³
    • Sinological IPA: /səm³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛiŋ²⁴²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sing⁵
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sīng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sing⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sīn
    • Tâi-lô: sīn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sin
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sin²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sin⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sin³³/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sīm
    • Tâi-lô: sīm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sim
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sim³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sim⁷ / sim²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sīm / sím
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sim¹¹/, /sim⁵²/

Note: sim2 - vernacular 俗讀.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zen
    • MiniDict: zen^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zən²³¹/
  • (Northern: Shaoxing)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zeen
    • MiniDict: zen^去
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /zẽ¹¹/
  • (Northern: Ningbo)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zyun
    • MiniDict: zoen^去
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /zz̩ʷøŋ¹¹³/
  • (Northern: Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zon
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /zoŋ¹³/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zhiun
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /ʑyəŋ¹⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzyinH

Rime
Character	慎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	真 (43)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	時刃切
Baxter	dzyinH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiɪnH/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑinH/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjenH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑinH/
Li Rong	/ʑiĕnH/
Wang Li	/ʑĭĕnH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ĕnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	san6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]i[n]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*djins/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	慎
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shèn
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyinH ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]i[n]-s/
English	careful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	慎
Reading #	1/1
No.	17082
Phonetic component	眞
Rime group	眞
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	愼
Old Chinese	/*djins/

Definitions

慎

1. prudent; cautious; careful

   • 君子食無求飽，居無求安，敏於事而慎於言，就有道而正焉，可謂好學也已。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     君子食无求饱，居无求安，敏于事而慎于言，就有道而正焉，可谓好学也已。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE

     Jūnzǐ shí wú qiú bǎo, jū wú qiú ān, mǐn yú shì ér shèn yú yán, jiù yǒudào ér zhèng yān, kěwèi hǎoxué yě yǐ. [Pinyin]

     The noble person eats but does not seek to be full, dwells at home but does not seek to be at ease, is competent in his acts and prudent in his words, and approaches those who have the Way to rectify himself thereby: he can be said to love learning.

2. (Classical) take care to...; used with negative imperative particles, e.g. 勿, to emphasize the order.

   • 可與往者與之，至於妙道；不可與往者，不知其道，慎勿與之，身乃無咎。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     可与往者与之，至于妙道；不可与往者，不知其道，慎勿与之，身乃无咎。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Kě yǔ wǎng zhě yǔ zhī, zhì yú miàodào; bù kě yǔ wǎng zhě, bù zhī qí dào, shèn wù yǔ zhī, shēn nǎi wú jiù. [Pinyin]

     If he is one worth accompanying, accompany him and reach the subtlest Way; if he is one not worth accompanying and you do not know his Way, take care to not accompany him, and you will have no blame.

3. a surname

Compounds

• 不慎 (bùshèn)
• 勤慎
• 失慎 (shīshèn)
• 審慎 / 审慎 (shěnshèn)
• 小心謹慎 / 小心谨慎 (xiǎoxīnjǐnshèn)
• 恪慎
• 慎刑
• 慎始
• 慎始敬終 / 慎始敬终 (shènshǐjìngzhōng)
• 慎子
• 慎密 (shènmì)
• 慎小謹微 / 慎小谨微
• 慎微
• 慎思 (shènsī)
• 慎思明辨
• 慎獨 / 慎独 (shèndú)
• 慎終如始 / 慎终如始
• 慎終若始 / 慎终若始
• 慎終追遠 / 慎终追远 (shènzhōngzhuīyuǎn)
• 慎行
• 慎言
• 慎謀能斷 / 慎谋能断
• 慎重 (shènzhòng)
• 慎重其事
• 慎防
• 慎防杜漸 / 慎防杜渐
• 慎默
• 戒慎
• 敬小慎微
• 敬慎
• 日慎一日
• 明德慎罰 / 明德慎罚
• 明慎
• 明賞慎罰 / 明赏慎罚
• 杜微慎防
• 淑慎
• 清慎
• 肅慎 / 肃慎 (Sùshèn)
• 謹小慎微 / 谨小慎微 (jǐnxiǎoshènwēi)
• 謹慎 / 谨慎 (jǐnshèn)
• 謹言慎行 / 谨言慎行 (jǐnyánshènxíng)
• 謹謹慎慎 / 谨谨慎慎

Japanese

Shinjitai	慎
Kyūjitai	愼

Kanji

慎

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 愼)

1. humility
2. be careful
3. discreet
4. prudent

Readings

• Go-on: じん (jin)
• Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
• Kun: つつしむ (tsutsushimu, 慎む, Jōyō)、つつしみ (tsutsushimi, 慎み)
• Nanori: ちか (chika)、のり (nori)、まこと (makoto)、みつ (mitsu)、よし (yoshi)

Compounds

• 戒(かい)慎(しん) (kaishin)
• 謹(きん)慎(しん) (kinshin)
• 慎(しん)思(し) (shinshi)
• 慎(しん)始(し)敬(けい)終(しゅう) (shinshikeishū)
• 慎(しん)重(ちょう) (shinchō)
• 不(ふ)謹(きん)慎(しん) (fukinshin)

Proper noun

慎(しん) • (Shin) 

1. a male given name

Vietnamese

Han character

慎: Hán Nôm readings: thận

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.