肅慎

See also: 肃慎 and 肅愼

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (肅慎/肅愼)		肅	慎/愼
simp. (肃慎)		肃	慎

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Sùshèn

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨˋ ㄕㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): suk¹ san⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Sùshèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄨˋ ㄕㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Sùshèn
    • Wade–Giles: Su⁴-shên⁴
    • Yale: Sù-shèn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Suhshenn
    • Palladius: Сушэнь (Sušɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /su⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂən⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: suk¹ san⁶
    • Yale: sūk sahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: suk⁷ san⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: sug¹ sen⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊk̚⁵ sɐn²²/

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• Middle Chinese: sjuwk dzyinH

Rime
Character	肅	慎
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	東 (4)	真 (43)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	息逐切	時刃切
Baxter	sjuwk	dzyinH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɨuk̚/	/d͡ʑiɪnH/
Pan Wuyun	/siuk̚/	/d͡ʑinH/
Shao Rongfen	/siuk̚/	/d͡ʑjenH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/suwk̚/	/d͡ʑinH/
Li Rong	/siuk̚/	/ʑiĕnH/
Wang Li	/sĭuk̚/	/ʑĭĕnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/si̯uk̚/	/ʑi̯ĕnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	su	shèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	suk1	san6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*siwk  [d]i[n]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sɯwɢ  djins/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	肅	肅	肅	肅	肅	慎
Reading #	1/5	2/5	3/5	4/5	5/5	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sù	sù	sù	sù	sù	shèn
Middle Chinese	‹ sjuwk ›	‹ sjuwk ›	‹ sjuwk ›	‹ sjuwk ›	‹ sjuwk ›	‹ dzyinH ›
Old Chinese	/*siwk/	/*siwk/	/*siwk/	/*siwk/	/*siwk/	/*[d]i[n]-s/
English	solemn, severe	contract (v.); shrivel	present (v.)	beat (v.)	eager; swift	careful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	肅	慎
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	12125	17082
Phonetic component	肅	眞
Rime group	覺	眞
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	肅	愼
Old Chinese	/*sɯwɢ/	/*djins/

Proper noun

肅慎

1. (historical) Sushen (ancient people in Northeastern Asia)

   • 仲尼曰：「隼之來也，遠矣！此肅慎氏之矢也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     仲尼曰：「隼之来也，远矣！此肃慎氏之矢也。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Guoyu, circa 4^th century BCE

     Zhòngní yuē: “Sǔn zhī lái yě, yuǎn yǐ! Cǐ Sùshènshì zhī shǐ yě.” [Pinyin]

     "This falcon came a long way!" said Zhongni, "The arrow (lodged in the falcon) belonged to the Sushen."