刃

See also: 刄 and 刅

刃 U+5203, 刃 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5203 ← 刂 [U+5202] CJK Unified Ideographs 刄 → [U+5204]

刃 U+2F81E, 刃 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F81E ← 凵 [U+2F81D] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 㓟 → [U+2F81F]

Translingual

Japanese	刃
Simplified	刃
Traditional	刃

Alternative forms

Note the compositional differences between traditional, simplified, and Japanese shinjitai in the placement of the additional stroke.

Han character

Stroke order

刃 (radical 18, 刀+1, 3 strokes, cangjie input 尸竹戈 (SHI), four-corner 1742₀, composition ⿹刀丿(G) or ⿹刀丶(HTKV) or ⿻刀丶(J))

Derived characters

• 仞 屻 㠴 㣼 扨 㲽 杒 牣 肕 䀔 刼 籾 紉(纫) 䑒 衂 剏 訒(讱) 軔(轫) 釰 剱 靭 韌(韧) 劒 𦬄
• 刅 丒 忍 岃 涩 歰 䜀(䜧)

References

• KangXi: page 136, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1850
• Dae Jaweon: page 304, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 320, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5203

• Unihan data for U+2F81E

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Chinese

trad.		刃
simp. #		刃

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 刃
Shang	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (刃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
涊	*nɯːnʔ, *njɯnʔ
紉	*nɯn
忍	*njɯnʔ
荵	*njɯnʔ
刃	*njɯns
認	*njɯns, *njɯŋs
仞	*njɯns
軔	*njɯns
韌	*njɯns
肕	*njɯns
牣	*njɯns
杒	*njɯns
訒	*njɯns

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 刀 (“knife”) + 丶.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): rèn (ren⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jan⁶
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): līm / jīm / līn / jīn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): rim²

• Wu (Wiktionary): zen (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: rèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˋ
    • Wade–Giles: jên4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renn
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rèn
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐən⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jan⁶
    • Yale: yahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jan⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: yen⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐn²²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līm
    • Tâi-lô: līm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lim
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lim⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lim²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /lim³³/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīm
    • Tâi-lô: jīm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jim
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑim²²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑim³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līn
    • Tâi-lô: līn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lin
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lin²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lin⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīn
    • Tâi-lô: jīn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jin
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑin²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: rim²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jím
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zim⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: zen (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /z̻əɲ²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ȵiɪn^H/

Rime
Character	刃
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	而振切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiɪnH/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵinH/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjenH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵinH/
Li Rong	/ȵiĕnH/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭĕnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ĕnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jan6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*nə[n]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*njɯns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	刃
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rèn
Middle Chinese	‹ nyinH ›
Old Chinese	/*nə[n]-s/
English	edge of a blade
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	刃
Reading #	1/1
No.	10831
Phonetic component	刃
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	刃
Old Chinese	/*njɯns/

Definitions

刃

1. blade; knife edge
2. sword; knife
3. ^† to kill with a sword or knife

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (刃):

• → Japanese: 刃(じん) (jin)
• → Korean: 인 (刃, in)

Compounds

• 交光飛刃／交光飞刃
• 兵不血刃 (bīngbùxuèrèn)
• 兵刃 (bīngrèn)
• 兵無血刃／兵无血刃
• 刀刃 (dāorèn)
• 刃兒／刃儿
• 刃角
• 利刃 (lìrèn)
• 剚刃
• 劍刃／剑刃
• 合刃

• 嬋娟刃／婵娟刃
• 延頸待刃／延颈待刃
• 張弓拔刃／张弓拔刃
• 手刃
• 推刃
• 游刃有餘／游刃有余
• 白刃 (báirèn)
• 白刃戰／白刃战 (báirènzhàn)
• 目牛游刃
• 芒刃

• 芙蓉刃
• 血刃
• 袖刃
• 赴火蹈刃
• 軍不血刃／军不血刃
• 迎刃而解 (yíngrèn'érjiě)
• 遊刃有餘／游刃有余 (yóurènyǒuyú)
• 鋒刃／锋刃
• 開刃／开刃 (kāirèn)
• 餘刃／余刃

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Japanese

Kanji

刃

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: にん (nin)
• Kan-on: じん (jin, Jōyō)
• Kun: は (ha, 刃, Jōyō); やいば (yaiba, 刃)
• Nanori: ち (chi); と (to)

Compounds

• 刃(にん)傷(じょう) (ninjō)

Alternative forms

Kanji in this term
刃
は Grade: S
kun’yomi

• (zokuji) 刄

Etymology 1

/pa/ → /ɸa/ → /ha/

From Old Japanese.

Cognate with 歯 (ha, “tooth”). Possibly also related to 葉 (ha, “leaf”). Compare English blade.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) は​ [háꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ha̠]

Noun

刃(は) • (ha) 

1. any sharp and thin cutting implement: a blade, edge

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 鋼(はがね) (hagane)
• 刃(は)毀(こぼ)れ (hakobore)
• 刃向(はむ)かう (hamukau)
• 刃(は)物(もの) (hamono)
• 刃(は)文(もん) (hamon)
• 刃(は)渡(わた)り (hawatari)
• 替(か)え刃(ば) (kaeba)
• 片(かた)刃(ば) (kataba), 片(かた)刃(は) (kataha)
• 切刃(きっぱ) (kippa)
• 白(しら)刃(は) (shiraha)
• 直(すぐ)刃(は) (suguha)
• 円(まる)刃(ば), 丸(まる)刃(ば) (maruba)
• 乱(みだ)れ刃(ば) (midareba)
• 両(もろ)刃(は) (moroha)
• 諸(もろ)刃(は), 双(もろ)刃(は) (moroha)
• 焼(や)き刃(ば) (yakiba) → 刃(やいば) (yaiba)
• 両(りょう)刃(ば) (ryōba)

Idioms

• 剣(つるぎ)の刃(は)を渡(わた)る (tsurugi no ha o wataru)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
刃
やいば Grade: S
kun’yomi

/jaki ɸa/ → /jakiba/ → /jaĩba/ → /jaiba/

Shift from 焼き刃 (yakiba), a compound of 焼き (yaki, “burned, fired”) +‎ 刃 (ha, “edge, blade”, see above). The ha changes to ba as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

First attested in the Taiheiki of the late 1300s.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) や​いば [yáꜜìbà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• (Tokyo) やいば [yàíbá] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ja̠iba̠]

Noun

刃(やいば) • (yaiba) 

1. a forged blade, such as a sword
2. the wavy pattern formed in the metal on the surface of a forged blade
3. a sword or similar edged weapon
4. something sharp like a sword
5. someone or something powerful

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 刃(やいば)の験(げん)者(じゃ) (yaiba no genja)
• 氷(こおり)の刃(やいば) (kōri no yaiba)
• 心(こころ)の刃(やいば) (kokoro no yaiba)
• 邪(じゃ)見(けん)の刃(やいば) (jaken no yaiba)
• 情(なさ)けに刃(は)向(む)かう刃(やいば)なし (nasake ni hamukau yaiba nashi)

Idioms

• 笑(しょう)中(ちゅう)に刃(やいば)を研(と)ぐ (shōchū ni yaiba o togu)
• 刃(やいば)に掛(か)かる (yaiba ni kakaru)
• 刃(やいば)に血(ち)塗(ぬ)らず (yaiba ni chi nurazu)
• 刃(やいば)に伏(ふ)す (yaiba ni fusu)

Proverbs

• 刃(やいば)は切(き)れるが重宝(ちょうほう) (yaiba wa kireru ga chōhō, “for a blade, cutting [sharpness] is precious” → the highest value of a tool is its ability to do what it is designed for)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
刃
じん Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 刃 (MC ȵiɪn^H).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) じ​ん [jíꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑĩɴ]

Noun

刃(じん) • (jin) 

1. a blade, edge

Idioms

• 刃(じん)に伏(ふ)す (jin ni fusu)
• 刃(じん)を迎(むか)えて解(と)く (jin o mukaete toku, “to fall before the blade” → a metaphor for extreme strength or power)

Affix

刃(じん) • (jin) 

1. blade, edge
2. bladed object (knife, sword, etc.)
3. kill with a bladed object, put to the sword

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 刃(じん)文(もん) (jinmon)
• 凶(きょう)刃(じん), 兇(きょう)刃(じん) (kyōjin)
• 自(じ)刃(じん) (jijin)
• 刀(とう)刃(じん) (tōjin)
• 毒(どく)刃(じん) (dokujin)
• 白(はく)刃(じん) (hakujin)
• 氷(ひょう)刃(じん) (hyōjin)
• 兵(へい)刃(じん) (heijin)
• 防(ぼう)刃(じん) (bōjin)
• 利(り)刃(じん) (rijin)

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Korean

Hanja

刃 (eumhun 칼날 인 [[]] (kallal in ))

1. Hanja form^? of 칼날 (“[knife / sword / weapon”).

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Old Japanese

Etymology

Cognate with 歯 (pa, “tooth”). Possibly also related to 葉 (pa, “leaf”). Compare English blade.

Noun

刃 (pa) (kana は)

1. any sharp and thin cutting implement: a blade, edge

Descendants

• Japanese: 刃 (ha, yaiba)

Further reading

• 葉 (“leaf”) entry at Gogen-Allguide (in Japanese)

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Vietnamese

Han character

刃: Hán Nôm readings: nhẫn, nhấn, nhận

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.