刀
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See also: ㄉ
Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Alternative forms[edit]
- 刂 (when used as a right Radical)
Han character[edit]
刀 (radical 18 刀+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 尸竹 (SH), four-corner 17220)
- Kangxi radical #18, ⼑.
Descendants[edit]
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 135, character 24
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1845
- Dae Jaweon: page 304, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 319, character 12
- Unihan data for U+5200
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
刀 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 刀
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bamboo and silk script | Large seal script | Small seal script |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (刀) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 刀 | *taːw |
| 忉 | *taːw |
| 鱽 | *taːw |
| 舠 | *taːw |
| 朷 | *taːw, *moːɡ |
| 叨 | *tuːw, *l̥ʰaːw |
| 倒 | *taːwʔ, *taːws |
| 到 | *taːws |
| 菿 | *taːws, *rtaːwɢ |
| 鞀 | *deːw |
| 鳭 | *rteːw, *teːw |
| 灱 | *hreːw |
| 菬 | *sdew, *tjewʔ |
| 超 | *tʰew |
| 怊 | *tʰew, *tʰjew |
| 欩 | *tʰew |
| 召 | *dews, *djews |
| 昭 | *tjew |
| 招 | *tjew |
| 鉊 | *tjew |
| 沼 | *tjewʔ |
| 照 | *tjews |
| 詔 | *tjews |
| 炤 | *tjews |
| 弨 | *tʰjew, *tʰjewʔ |
| 眧 | *tʰjewʔ |
| 韶 | *djew |
| 佋 | *djew, *djewʔ |
| 軺 | *djew, *lew |
| 玿 | *djew |
| 柖 | *djew |
| 紹 | *djewʔ |
| 袑 | *djewʔ |
| 綤 | *djewʔ |
| 邵 | *djews |
| 劭 | *djews |
| 卲 | *djews |
| 刁 | *teːw |
| 芀 | *teːw, *deːw |
| 貂 | *teːw |
| 蛁 | *teːw |
| 迢 | *deːw |
| 苕 | *deːw |
| 髫 | *deːw |
| 岧 | *deːw |
Pictogram (象形)
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): dou1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tô
- Min Dong (BUC): dŏ̤
- Min Nan (POJ): to
- Wu (Wiktionary): tau (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄠ
- Wade-Giles: tao1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dau
- IPA (key): /tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: dou1
- Yale: dōu
- Cantonese Pinyin: dou1
- Guangdong Romanization: dou1
- IPA (key): /tou̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tô
- Hakka Romanization System: do´
- Hagfa Pinyim: do1
- IPA: /to²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dŏ̤
- IPA (key): /to⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: tau (T1)
- IPA (key): /tɔ⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 刀 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /tɑu⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /tau⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /tɑu²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /tɔ²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /tɔ²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /tau²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /tau²¹/ | |
| Xining | /tɔ⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /tɔ⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /tɔ³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /tɔ⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /tau⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /tau⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /tao⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /tɔ⁴⁴/ | |
| Nanjing | /tɔo³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /tɔ²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /tau¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /tɔ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /tɔ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /tɔ⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /tæ⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /tɔ³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /tɜ³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /tɔ³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /tə¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /tau³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /taɯ³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /tɑu⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /tau⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /to²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /tou⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /tu⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /tou⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /to⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /to⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /tau⁵⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /to³³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /ʔdo²³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 刀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 都勞切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/tɑu/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/tɑu/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/tɑu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/taw/ |
| Li Rong |
/tɑu/ |
| Wang Li |
/tɑu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/tɑu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
dāo |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 刀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
dāo |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ taw › |
| Old Chinese |
/*C.tˤaw/ |
| English | knife |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 刀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2108 |
| Phonetic component |
刀 |
| Rime group |
宵 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
|
| Old Chinese |
/*taːw/ |
Definitions[edit]
刀
- knife; blade (Classifier: 把 m c)
- single-edged sword; cutlass
- (slang) dollar (loanword)
- Classifier for sets of one hundred sheets of paper.
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 刀
Descendants[edit]
Non-Sino-Xenic:
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
刀
Readings[edit]
- Goon: と (to); とう (tō, Jōyō)←たう (tau, historical)
- Kan’on: とう (tō, Jōyō)←たう (tau, historical)
- Kun: かたな (katana, 刀, Jōyō)
- Nanori: き (ki); ち (chi); わき (waki)
Compounds[edit]
Compounds with irregular readings of 刀
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 刀 |
| かたな Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
Compound of 片 (kata, “one side”) + 刃 (na, “edge”).[1][2]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
刀 (hiragana かたな, rōmaji katana)
Synonyms[edit]
- (small blade): 切れ物 (kiremono)
Coordinate terms[edit]
- 脇差 (wakizashi) traditional Japanese shortsword (30cm to 60cm)
- 短刀 (tantō) traditional Japanese knife or dagger (30cm and shorter)
- 大小 (daishō): “big and small”: the katana and wakizashi as a set
Related terms[edit]
- (sword, two-edged): 剣 (tsurugi)
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Idioms[edit]
Idioms
- 刀折れ矢尽きる (katana ore ya tsukiru): “swords bent, out of arrows” → completely routed, a complete loss in battle
- 刀に懸けて (katana ni kakete): “[depending, swearing] on one's sword” → a metaphor for firm resolve to see something through
- 刀の錆び (katana no sabi): “sword rust” → a metaphor for killing someone or being killed, from the way that blood can cause the steel of a sword to rust; a derogatory term for someone who isn't even worth soiling a sword
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 刀 |
| とう Grade: 2 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 刀 (taw). Compare modern Mandarin 刀 (dāo).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
刀 (hiragana とう, rōmaji tō, historical hiragana たう)
- a sword, a katana
- a scalpel, such as that used by a surgeon
- a kind of bronze or copper money in ancient China, shaped a bit like a sword
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
References[edit]
- ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
刀 • (do)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
References[edit]
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- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading たう
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading き
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ち
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading わき
- Japanese terms spelled with 刀 read as かたな
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- ja:Weapons
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- ja:Swords
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