蚊
See also: 螡
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]蚊 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 中戈卜大 (LIYK), four-corner 50140, composition ⿰虫文)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1077, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32849
- Dae Jaweon: page 1546, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2840, character 8
- Unihan data for U+868A
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mɯn): semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 文 (OC *mɯn).
Etymology 1
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
蚊 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | ||
From Proto-Austroasiatic *mɔːs with a nominal suffix *-n (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Khmer មូស (muuh), Vietnamese muỗi.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): wen2
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): un4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): veng1
- Northern Min (KCR): mǒ̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): muòng / ùng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6men
- Xiang
- (Changsha, Wiktionary): men1 / un2
- (Hengyang, Wiktionary): fen2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: wén
- Zhuyin: ㄨㄣˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wún
- Wade–Giles: wên2
- Yale: wén
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wen
- Palladius: вэнь (vɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /wən³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: wen2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: wen
- Sinological IPA (key): /uən²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: man4-1 / man4
- Yale: mān / màhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: man4-1 / man4
- Guangdong Romanization: men4-1 / men4
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɐn²¹⁻⁵⁵/, /mɐn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: man4 - literary, rare.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: mun4* / mun4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵐbun²¹⁻²¹⁵/, /ᵐbun²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
Note:
- mun4* - standalone word;
- mun4 - in compounds.
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: un4
- Sinological IPA (key): /un³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mûn
- Hakka Romanization System: munˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: mun1
- Sinological IPA: /mun²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: veng1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /vəŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mǒ̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɔŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: muòng / ùng
- Sinological IPA (key): /muoŋ⁵³/, /uŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- muòng - vernacular (used in 風蚊);
- ùng - literary.
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: men1 / un2
- Sinological IPA (key): /mən³³/, /u̯ən¹³/
- (Changsha)
Note:
- men1 - vernacular;
- un2 - literary.
- (Hengyang)
- Wiktionary: fen2
- Sinological IPA (key): /v̥e̞n¹¹/
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: mjun
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.mə[r]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mɯn/
Definitions
[edit]蚊
- mosquito (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
- 2013 [9 CE], Yang Xiong, translated by Michael Nylan, Exemplary Figures, Seattle: University of Washington Press, page 195:
- 「貨殖？」曰：「蚊。」曰：「血國三千，使捋疏、飲水、褐博，沒齒無愁也？」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- “Huòzhí?” Yuē: “Wén.” Yuē: “Xuè guó sānqiān, shǐ lǚ shū, yǐn shuǐ, hè bó, méi chǐ wú chóu yě?” [Pinyin]
- “The moneymakers?” “Mere mosquitoes. I say they sucked the blood of [three] thousands of states. And if only they lived frugally, picking wild greens to eat, drinking plain water, and wearing the simplest clothes, they would have sparked no resentment to the end of their days.”
「货殖？」曰：「蚊。」曰：「血国三千，使捋疏、饮水、褐博，没齿无愁也？」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 三斑家蚊
- 伊蚊 (yīwén)
- 使蚊負山 / 使蚊负山
- 家蚊
- 捕蚊燈 / 捕蚊灯 (bǔwéndēng)
- 搖蚊 / 摇蚊 (yáowén)
- 放蚊
- 斑蚊 (bānwén)
- 病媒蚊
- 瘧媒蚊 / 疟媒蚊
- 瘧蚊 / 疟蚊 (nüèwén)
- 聚蚊成雷
- 蚊力 (wénlì)
- 蚊力負山 / 蚊力负山
- 蚊動牛鬥 / 蚊动牛斗
- 蚊子 (wénzi, “mosquito”)
- 蚊屋
- 蚊帳 / 蚊帐 (wénzhàng)
- 蚊怕水
- 蚊睫
- 蚊睫之蟲 / 蚊睫之虫
- 蚊瞓 / 蚊𰥛
- 蚊虻之勞 / 蚊虻之劳
- 蚊蚋
- 蚊螆
- 蚊蠅 / 蚊蝇 (wényíng)
- 蚊負 / 蚊负
- 蚊雷
- 蚊香 (wénxiāng)
- 蚊髀同牛髀
- 避蚊胺
- 電蚊香 / 电蚊香 (diànwénxiāng)
- 飛蚊症 / 飞蚊症 (fēiwénzhèng)
- 黑斑蚊 (hēibānwén)
Etymology 2
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
蚊 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 文 緡／缗 | |
From 文 (man4, “classifier for copper coins”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: man4-1
- Yale: mān
- Cantonese Pinyin: man4-1
- Guangdong Romanization: men4-1
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɐn²¹⁻⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: mun2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵐbun⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]蚊
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
蚊 | |
|---|---|---|
Cognate to Taishanese (and other Siyi dialects) 民 (min2), as in 細民仔／细民仔 (lham1 min2 doi2).
Schuessler (2007) suggests that it may come from the same etymon that gives 便 (OC *ben) as in 便嬖 (OC *ben peːɡs), which he relates to Proto-Kam-Sui *mpaːn¹ (“male (person)”) and Proto-Hlai *C-maːn (“male (person)”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: man1
- Yale: mān
- Cantonese Pinyin: man1
- Guangdong Romanization: men1
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɐn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]蚊
- (Cantonese) Used in terms for people.
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- “蚊”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]蚊
Readings
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 蚊 |
| か Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Possibly related to 噛む (kamu, “to bite”) or 痒い (kayui, “itchy”), although the ultimate derivation remains unknown.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- mosquito
- 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki, page 161:
- 蚊蟻 上可 下音疑 訓安利乃古
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Usage notes
[edit]As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as カ (ka).
Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 蚊 |
| かあ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Cognate with 蚊 (ka). Likely pronounced long due to being a single mora. Elongation of single mora words is still seen in the Ōsaka dialect with words like teː "hand" from te. The 794 quotation is the oldest extant example of a long vowel in Japanese.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- mosquito
- 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki, page 104:
- 蚊蝄䖟蜺 [...] 上二字加安下二字阿牟
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1079, Konkōmyō Saishōōkyō Ongi, page 3 (back):
- 蚊 加阿
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Etymology 3
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 蚊 |
| ぶん Grade: S |
| kan'on |
From Middle Chinese 蚊 (MC mjun).
Pronunciation
[edit]Affix
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- Unknown (794), Yoshinori Kobayashi, editor, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki (Kojisho Ongi Shūsei) (in Japanese), volume 1, Kyūko Shoin, published 1978, →ISBN.
- Tsukishima, Hiroshi (1079), Kojisho Ongi Shūsei 12: Konkōmyō Saishōōkyō Ongi (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Kyūko Shoin, published 1979, →ISBN.
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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References
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