便

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See also: 使

便 U+4FBF, 便
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FBF

[U+4FBE]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4FC0]

U+F965, 便
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F965

[U+F964]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F966]

Translingual

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Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

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便 (Kangxi radical 9, +7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人一中大 (OMLK), four-corner 21246, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 103, character 32
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 659
  • Dae Jaweon: page 219, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 157, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4FBF

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
便

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 便
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts



References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

According to Shuowen, an ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : (person) + (to change) – to change one's posture to make oneself comfortable.

Alternatively, this may be the original character for (OC *pen, “to whip”), from (person) + 𠓥 (whip), as seen in the bronze script.

Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Note:
  • biêng6 - Chaozhou;
  • biang6 - Shantou.

Rime
Character 便
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (3)
Final () (77)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter bjienH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/biᴇnH/
Pan
Wuyun
/biɛnH/
Shao
Rongfen
/bjænH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/bianH/
Li
Rong
/biɛnH/
Wang
Li
/bĭɛnH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/bʱi̯ɛnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
biàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
bin6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 便
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
biàn
Middle
Chinese
‹ bjienH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[b]e[n]-s/
English comfortable; advantageous

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 便
Reading # 2/2
No. 778
Phonetic
component
便
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
便
Old
Chinese
/*bens/

Definitions

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便

  1. convenient; handy
    便  ―  fāngbiàn  ―  convenient, suitable
    便  ―  biàn  ―  convenient, easy
    便便  ―  jiǎnbiàn  ―  convenient, handy
  2. to go a long way in; to serve the interests of; to benefit; to make convenient
  3. nimble; agile
  4. informal; ordinary; plain
    便  ―  biàn  ―  civilian clothes
    便  ―  biàn  ―  casual clothes
    便  ―  biànhán  ―  informal letter
  5. human waste; excretion
    便  ―  xiǎobiàn  ―  to urinate
    便  ―  biàn  ―  to defecate
    便  ―  biàn  ―  toilet
    便便  ―  fènbiàn  ―  excrement, feces
  6. soon afterward; as soon as
    警察現場人群便四散離去 [MSC, trad.]
    警察现场人群便四散离去 [MSC, simp.]
    Jǐngchá yī dào xiànchǎng, rénqún biàn sìsàn líqù. [Pinyin]
    The crowd soon dissipated when the police arrived.
    日本不久便洋財 [MSC, trad.]
    日本不久便洋财 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā dào le rìběn, bùjiǔ biàn fā le yángcái. [Pinyin]
    He went to Japan and soon made a big fortune.
    便開始謝頂 [MSC, trad.]
    便开始谢顶 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā èrshí jǐ suì biàn kāishǐ xièdǐng. [Pinyin]
    He started going bald in his twenties.
  7. then
    得空便出去 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Tā yī dékòng biàn pǎochūqù wán. [Pinyin]
    As soon as gets free, he (then) runs out to play.
  8. even if; even though

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Note: vernacular.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: biêng6 / biang6 / pin1 / piang6
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: piĕng / piăng / phiⁿ / phiăng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pieŋ³⁵/, /piaŋ³⁵/, /pʰĩ³³/, /pʰiaŋ³⁵/
Note:
  • biêng6 - Chaozhou;
  • biang6 - Shantou;
  • piang6 - in 大腹便便;
  • pin1 - cheap.

Rime
Character 便
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (3)
Final () (77)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter bjien
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/biᴇn/
Pan
Wuyun
/biɛn/
Shao
Rongfen
/bjæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/bian/
Li
Rong
/biɛn/
Wang
Li
/bĭɛn/
Bernard
Karlgren
/bʱi̯ɛn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
pián
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
pin4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 便
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
pián
Middle
Chinese
‹ bjien ›
Old
Chinese
/*[b]e[n]/
English glib-tongued

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 便
Reading # 1/2
No. 773
Phonetic
component
便
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
便
Old
Chinese
/*ben/
Notes

Definitions

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便

  1. quiet and comfortable
  2. slim and graceful
  3. nimble
  4. eloquent
  5. cheap; inexpensive
    便  ―  piányi  ―  cheap

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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便

  1. (Cantonese, non-productive) Suffix for locational nouns; side

Compounds

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  • 一二便 (jat1 ji6 bin6, somewhere aside) (Cantonese)
  • 一便 (Cantonese)
  • 上便 (soeng6 bin6, above) (Cantonese)
  • 下便 (haa6 bin6, below) (Cantonese)
  • 側便侧便 (zak1 bin6) (Cantonese)
  • 入便 (jap6 bin6, inside) (Cantonese)
  • 兩便两便 (loeng5 bin6, both sides) (Cantonese)
  • 出便 (ceot1 bin6, outside) (Cantonese)
  • 前便 (cin4 bin6, in front) (Cantonese)
  • 北便 (bak1 bin6, the north) (Cantonese)
  • 南便 (naam4 bin6, the south) (Cantonese)
  • 右便 (jau6 bin6, the right) (Cantonese)
  • 右手便 (jau6 sau2 bin6, right hand side) (Cantonese)
  • 呢便 (this side) (Cantonese)
  • 嗰便 (go2 bin6, that side) (Cantonese)
  • 四便 (sei3 bin6, all four sides) (Cantonese)
  • 埋便 (maai4 bin6, inside, inner side) (Cantonese)
  • 外便 (ngoi6 bin6, outside) (Cantonese)
  • 左便 (zo2 bin6, the left) (Cantonese)
  • 左手便 (zo2 sau2 bin6, left hand side) (Cantonese)
  • 後便后便 (hau6 bin6, behind) (Cantonese)
  • 東便东便 (dung1 bin6, the east) (Cantonese)
  • 裡便里便 (leoi5 bin6, inside) (Cantonese)
  • 西便 (sai1 bin6, the west) (Cantonese)
  • 邊便边便 (bin1 bin6, which side) (Cantonese)
  • 開便开便 (hoi1 bin6, outside, outer side) (Cantonese)

Japanese

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Kanji

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便

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
便
べん
Grade: 4
goon

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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便(べん) (ben-na (adnominal 便(べん) (ben na), adverbial 便(べん) (ben ni))

  1. convenient
Inflection
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Adjective

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便(べん) (ben-nari

  1. convenient

Inflection

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Noun

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便(べん) (ben

  1. a convenience
  2. facilities
    交通(こうつう)便(べん)いい
    kōtsū no ben ga ii
    good transport facilities
  3. bowel movement
Synonyms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
便
びん
Grade: 4
kan'yōon

Pronunciation

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Noun

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便(びん) (bin

  1. a flight
  2. mail
  3. (bus) service

See also

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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
便
よすが
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 便 – see the following entry.
よすが
[noun] something to rely on; a connection, affinity
[noun] someone to rely on; a relative
[noun] an opportunity, way, means
Alternative spellings
,
(This term, 便, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese 便 (MC bjien|bjienH, “comfortable”).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean  (Yale: ppyèn) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 쟉마ᄌᆞᆯ Recorded as Middle Korean (pyen) (Yale: pyen) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575 편안 편[1] Recorded as Middle Korean (phyen) (Yale: phyen) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
  1. ^ 平聲 [Level tone]

Pronunciation

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  • (convenience; etc.):
  • (in 편지 (便紙, pyeonji)):
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pʰjɘ(ː)n]
    • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

便 (eumhun 편할 (pyeonhal pyeon))

  1. hanja form? of (convenience; ease; comfortability)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese 便 (MC bjienH, “human waste”).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean 뼌〮 (Yale: ppyén) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 오좀〮 Recorded as Middle Korean (phyen) (Yale: phyèn) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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便 (eumhun 오줌 (ttong'ojum byeon))

  1. hanja form? of (feces and urine)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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便: Hán Nôm readings: tiện, biền

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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