背
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See also: 揹
Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character[edit]
背 (radical 130 肉+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 中心月 (LPB), four-corner 11227, composition ⿱北月)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 977, character 21
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29363
- Dae Jaweon: page 1429, character 11
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2058, character 4
- Unihan data for U+80CC
Chinese[edit]
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 背
|
|---|
| Small seal script |
 |
| Characters in the same phonetic series (北) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 背 | *pɯːɡs, *bɯːɡs |
| 鄁 | *bɯːɡs |
| 偝 | *bɯːɡs |
| 邶 | *bɯːɡs |
| 苝 | *bɯːɡs |
| 北 | *pɯːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *pɯːɡs, *bɯːɡs): phonetic 北 (OC *pɯːɡ) + semantic 月 (“meat”). Semantic 肉 was added to be distinguished from the derived meaning of 北 (“north”).
Etymology[edit]
Two pronunciations were distinguished in Middle Chinese: /puʌiH/ invalid IPA characters (H) (“back”), /buʌiH/ invalid IPA characters (H) (“to turn one's back to; to betray”).
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation 1[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
背 | |
|---|---|---|
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): bui3, bui6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phoi / poi
- Min Nan (POJ): pōe / pòe / pēr / pē / pè
- Wu (Wiktionary): pe (T2); be (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˋ
- Wade-Giles: pei4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bey
- IPA (key): /peɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: bui3, bui6
- Yale: bui, buih
- Cantonese Pinyin: bui3, bui6
- Guangdong Romanization: bui3, bui6
- IPA (key): /puːi̯³³/, /puːi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
Note:
- bui3 - “back; to betray; to violate”;
- bui6 - “to recite; unlucky; out of touch”.
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phoi / poi
- Hakka Romanization System: poi / boi
- Hagfa Pinyim: poi4 / boi4
- IPA: /pʰo̯i⁵⁵/, /po̯i⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pòe
- Tâi-lô: puè
- Phofsit Daibuun: poex
- IPA (Taipei): /pue¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /pue²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pēr
- Tâi-lô: pēr
- IPA (Quanzhou): /pə⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pē
- Tâi-lô: pē
- Phofsit Daibuun: pe
- IPA (Taipei): /pe³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /pe³³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /pe²²/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pè
- Tâi-lô: pè
- Phofsit Daibuun: pex
- IPA (Taipei): /pe¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /pe²¹/
Note:
- pōe - literary;
- pēr/pē - vernacular.
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: pe (T2); be (T3)
- IPA (key): /pe̞³⁴/, /b̻e̞²³/
- (Shanghainese)
Note:
- 2pe - noun (“back”);
- 3be - verb (“to betray; to recite”).
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 背 | 背 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 灰 (42) | 灰 (42) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 蒲昧切 | 補妹切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/buʌiH/ | /puʌiH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/buoiH/ | /puoiH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/buɒiH/ | /puɒiH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/bwəjH/ | /pwəjH/ |
| Li Rong |
/buᴀiH/ | /puᴀiH/ |
| Wang Li |
/buɒiH/ | /puɒiH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/bʱuɑ̆iH/ | /puɑ̆iH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
bèi | bèi |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 背 | 背 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
bèi | bèi |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ bwojH › | ‹ pwojH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*m-pˤək-s/ | /*pˤək-s/ |
| English | turn the back on | the back |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 背 | 背 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 408 | 409 |
| Phonetic component |
北 | 北 |
| Rime group |
代 | 代 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
背 | 佩 |
| Old Chinese |
/*pɯːɡs/ | /*bɯːɡs/ |
Definitions[edit]
背
- (anatomy) back
- back; backside; reverse side
- back of the hand
- to turn one's back to
- to abandon; to give up
- to betray; to be disloyal
- to deviate; to go contrary to; to violate
- unlucky; out of luck
- to recite
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 背
Pronunciation 2[edit]
| trad. | 背/揹 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 背 | |
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄟ
- Wade-Giles: pei1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bei
- IPA (key): /peɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: bui3
- Yale: bui
- Cantonese Pinyin: bui3
- Guangdong Romanization: bui3
- IPA (key): /puːi̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: pe (T2)
- IPA (key): /pe̞³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
Definitions[edit]
背
Compounds[edit]
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
背
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings[edit]
- Goon: へ (he); べ (be); はい (hai, Jōyō); ばい (bai)
- Kan’on: はい (hai, Jōyō)
- Kun: せ (se, 背, Jōyō); せい (sei, 背); そむく (somuku, 背く, Jōyō); そむける (somukeru, 背ける, Jōyō)
Noun[edit]
- one's back (part of the human body)
- one's height
- 田中さんは背が高い。
- Tanaka-san wa se ga takai.
- Tanaka is tall.
- 田中さんは背が高い。
- the rear of something, the area behind
Synonyms[edit]
- (part of the body): 背中 (senaka)
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
背 • (bae, pae) (hangeul 배, 패, revised bae, pae, McCune-Reischauer pae, p'ae, Yale pay, phay)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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