背

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See also: 揹
背 U+80CC, 背
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80CC
← 胋
[U+80CB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 胍 →
[U+80CD]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
9 strokes
Stroke order
背-order.gif

Han character[edit]

背 (radical 130, 肉+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 中心月 (LPB), four-corner 11227, composition ⿱北月)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 977, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29363
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1429, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2058, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+80CC

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 背
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
背-seal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (北) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
背 *pɯːɡs, *bɯːɡs
鄁 *bɯːɡs
偝 *bɯːɡs
邶 *bɯːɡs
苝 *bɯːɡs
北 *pɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *pɯːɡs, *bɯːɡs): phonetic 北 (OC *pɯːɡ) + semantic 月 (“meat”). Semantic 肉 was added to be distinguished from the derived meaning of 北 (“north”).

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ba (“to carry (on back), shoulder”).

Two pronunciations were distinguished in Middle Chinese: puʌiH (“back”), buʌiH (“to turn one's back to; to betray”).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

trad. 背
simp. # 背

Note:
  • bui3 - “back; to betray; to violate”;
  • bui6 - “to recite; unlucky; out of touch”.
  • Hakka
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • pōe - literary;
    • pēr/pē - vernacular.
    Note: bu3 - alternative pronunciation when meaning "backside" (e.g. 手背, 刀背).
    Note:
    • 2pe - noun (“back”);
    • 3be - verb (“to betray; to recite”).
    Rime
    Character 背 背
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial (聲) 並 (3) 幫 (1)
    Final (韻) 灰 (42) 灰 (42)
    Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed Closed
    Division (等) I I
    Fanqie 蒲昧切 補妹切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/buʌiH/ /puʌiH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/buoiH/ /puoiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/buɒiH/ /puɒiH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/bwəjH/ /pwəjH/
    Li
    Rong         		/buᴀiH/ /puᴀiH/
    Wang
    Li         		/buɒiH/ /puɒiH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/bʱuɑ̆iH/ /puɑ̆iH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		bèi bèi
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 背 背
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		bèi bèi
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ bwojH › ‹ pwojH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*m-pˁək-s/ /*pˁək-s/
    English turn the back on the back

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 背 背
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    No. 408 409
    Phonetic
    component         		北 北
    Rime
    group         		代 代
    Rime
    subdivision         		0 0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		背 佩
    Old
    Chinese         		/*pɯːɡs/ /*bɯːɡs/

    Definitions[edit]

    背

    1. to memorize
      這篇文章寫得多棒啊，背下來。 [MSC, trad.]
      这篇文章写得多棒啊，背下来。 [MSC, simp.]
      Zhè piān wénzhāng xiěde duō bàng a, bèi xiàlái. [Pinyin]
      How excellently written is this article! Memorize it.
    2. (anatomy) back
    3. back; backside; reverse side
    4. back of the hand
    5. to turn one's back to
    6. to abandon; to give up
    7. to betray; to be disloyal
    8. to deviate; to go contrary to; to violate
    9. unlucky; out of luck
    10. to recite
    11. hard of hearing
      耳背  ―  ěrbèi  ―  hard of hearing
    Synonyms[edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 背 (“back (of the body)”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 背
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 背, 背部, 背脊, 脊背, 後背
    Mandarin Beijing 後脊樑, 脊樑
    Taiwan 背
    Harbin 背, 後背, 後脊樑, 脊樑
    Hailar 背
    Ulanhot 背
    Tongliao 背
    Chifeng 背
    Bayanhot 背, 脊背, 脊樑
    Jinan 脊樑
    Muping 脊樑桿子, 脊樑, 脊樑蓋子
    Luoyang 脊樑
    Wanrong 脊背
    Xi'an 脊背
    Zhengzhou 脊樑
    Xining 脊背
    Xuzhou 後筋股, 筋股, 後脊樑股, 脊樑股
    Yinchuan 脊樑
    Lanzhou 脊背
    Ürümqi 脊背, 脊樑
    Wuhan 背心, 背
    Chengdu 背
    Guiyang 背
    Liuzhou 背, 脊樑
    Yangzhou 脊背, 脊樑, 背
    Nanjing 脊背, 脊背心
    Hefei 脊背, 背, 後背心
    Cantonese Guangzhou 背脊, 背脢
    Hong Kong 背脊
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 背脊, 背樑, 背裡
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 背脢
    Yangjiang 背脊
    Kuala Lumpur 背脊
    Gan Nanchang 背脊
    Lichuan 背脊
    Pingxiang 背脊, 背
    Hakka Meixian 背囊, 背脊
    Xingning 背囊
    Huidong (Daling) 背囊脊
    Qujiang 背脊
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 背囊
    Changting 背脊, 背
    Pingyu 背囊
    Wuping 背脊, 背囊
    Liancheng 背脊
    Ninghua 背脊
    Yudu 背
    Ruijin 背脊
    Shicheng 背脊
    Shangyou 背
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 背囊
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 背囊
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 背囊
    Dongshi (Dabu) 背囊
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 背囊
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 背脊𩩍
    Hong Kong 背囊
    Sabah 背囊, 背
    Senai 背囊
    Singkawang 背囊
    Huizhou Jixi 背脊
    Jin Taiyuan 脊背
    Xinzhou 脊背
    Baochang 背
    Jining 脊背
    Hohhot 脊背
    Baotou 脊背
    Dongsheng 脊背
    Linhe 脊背
    Haibowan 脊背
    Min Bei Jian'ou 背脊, 背脊𩩍
    Min Dong Fuzhou 𩩍, 𩩍脊骨
    Min Nan Xiamen 胛脊, 胛脊𩩍, 巴脊
    Quanzhou 胛脊, 巴脊
    Zhangzhou 胛脊, 胛脊𩩍, 巴脊
    Taipei 胛脊𩩍
    Kaohsiung 胛脊𩩍
    Tainan 胛脊𩩍
    Taichung 胛脊𩩍
    Hsinchu 胛脊𩩍
    Lukang 胛脊𩩍
    Sanxia 巴脊
    Yilan 胛脊𩩍
    Kinmen 胛脊𩩍
    Magong 胛脊𩩍
    Penang (Hokkien) 胛脊, 胛脊後
    Philippines (Manila Hokkien) 巴脊
    Chaozhou 胛脊
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 胛脊
    Haikou 胛脊
    Leizhou 胛脊
    Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 背脊, 背脢
    Wu Shanghai 背脊, 背脊骨
    Suzhou 背心, 背
    Hangzhou 背脊
    Wenzhou 背脊身, 背骶身, 後半身
    Chongming 背肌
    Danyang 背背
    Jinhua 背脊
    Ningbo 背脊心, 背脊登, 背脊胴, 背脊
    Xiang Changsha 背脊, 背心, 背
    Shuangfeng 背心, 背
    Loudi 背, 背皮

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 背

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    trad. 背/揹*
    simp. 背

    Definitions[edit]

    背

    1. to carry on the back
    2. (figuratively) to carry; to bear (blame); to shoulder (responsibility)

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 背負 (“to carry on the back”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 負
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 背負
    Mandarin Beijing 背
    Taiwan 背
    Jinan 背
    Xi'an 背
    Wuhan 背, 馱
    Chengdu 背
    Yangzhou 背, 馱
    Hefei 背, 馱
    Cantonese Guangzhou 孭
    Hong Kong 孭
    Yangjiang 孭
    Gan Nanchang 馱, 背
    Hakka Meixian 背, 揹
    Jin Taiyuan 背
    Min Bei Jian'ou 騎, 邁
    Min Dong Fuzhou 邁
    Min Nan Xiamen 背, 揹, 偝
    Zhangzhou 揹, 偝
    Taipei 揹, 偝
    Chaozhou 背
    Wu Suzhou 背
    Wenzhou 背, 擐
    Xiang Changsha 背
    Shuangfeng 背

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 背

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    背

    (grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    背
    せ
    Grade: 6
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 背 – see the following entry.
    【せ】H
    [noun] one's back (part of the human body)
    [noun] one's height
    [noun] the rear of something, the area behind
    Alternative spellings
    背, 脊
    (This term, 背, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    背
    せい
    Grade: 6
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 背 – see the following entry.
    【せい】
    [noun] 背, 脊: height
    Alternative spellings
    背, 脊
    (This term, 背, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    背 • (bae, pae) (hangeul 배, 패, revised bae, pae, McCune–Reischauer pae, p'ae, Yale pay, phay)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    背 (bối, bội, bổi, bồi)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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