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From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:
U+5E03, 布
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E03

[U+5E02]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5E04]

Translingual

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Stroke order
Japan

(For Chinese,
swap
strokes 2 and 1.
)

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 50, +2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大中月 (KLB), four-corner 40227, composition 𠂇)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 328, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8778
  • Dae Jaweon: page 633, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 728, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5E03

Chinese

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trad. /
simp.
– “to spread; to proclaim; to arrange; etc.”

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *paːs) : phonetic (OC *paʔ, *baʔ) + semantic .

Etymology

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"to spread out" (tr.)
Likely from Proto-Sino-Tibetan. Schuessler (2007) considers this sense to be cognate with:
"cloth"
"Cloth" is often thought to be the same etymon as "to spread (out)" (tr.). Alternatively, Schuessler thinks this sense's Austroasiatic origin more likely. Indeed, a late Han () dynasty's word for "cotton", 幏布 *ka(H)-puoH (Shuowen, Hou Hanshu), was borrowed from the Austroasiatic-speaking Man-Yi peoples, and a Sanskrit loan (c. 430 CE) into Northwestern dialect is 古貝 *koX-peiH. Compare Proto-Austroasiatic *k-rn-pas and Proto-Mon-Khmer *kpaas (cotton), whence Khmer ក្របាស (krɑbaah), Bahnar kơpaih, Proto-Vietic *k-paːs (→ Vietnamese vải & Muong pái).
Additionally, Schuessler suggests that the Austroasiatic word was the source of Sanskrit कर्पास (karpāsa) & Ancient Greek κάρπασος (kárpasos). Still, earlier Johnson & Decker (1980) stated that "the problem of etymological origin of karpāsa has not been resolved".

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • bou3 - vernacular;
  • bu3 - literary.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: beu3 / bu3
      • Sinological IPA: /pɛu²¹/, /pu²¹/
Note:
  • beu3 - vernacular;
  • bu3 - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (1)
Final () (23)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter puH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/puoH/
Pan
Wuyun
/puoH/
Shao
Rongfen
/poH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/pɔH/
Li
Rong
/poH/
Wang
Li
/puH/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/puoH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
bou3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ puH ›
Old
Chinese
/*pˁa-s/
English cloth

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 3495
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*paːs/

Definitions

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  1. cloth; textiles (Classifier: ; )
      ―  mián  ―  cotton cloth
  2. to announce; to proclaim
      ―  xuān  ―  to declare, to proclaim, to announce
  3. to spread
      ―  biàn  ―  to be found everywhere, to be spread all over
    烏雲密乌云密  ―  wūyúnmì  ―  overcast
    老人滿皺紋 [MSC, trad.]
    老人皱纹 [MSC, simp.]
    Lǎorén liǎn shàng mǎn le zhòuwén. [Pinyin]
    The old man's face is full of wrinkles.
  4. to deploy; to set out
      ―  shǔ  ―  to lay out; to deploy
    圈套  ―  xià quāntào  ―  to set up a trap

Descendants

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  • Lao: ຜ້າ (phā, cloth)
  • Thai: ผ้า (pâa, cloth)

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: (fu, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: (ho)
  • Kun: ぬの (nuno, , Jōyō)しく (shiku, 布く)
  • Nanori: たえ (tae)のぶ (nobu)よし (yoshi)

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
ぬの
Grade: 5
kun'yomi

⟨nuno1 → */nunʷo//nuno/

From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *nono.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(ぬの) (nuno

  1. cloth
  2. (architecture) umbrella term for something wide, horizontal, level, parallel, etc. as in a piece of cloth
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 5
goon

From Middle Chinese (MC puH).

“Hawaii”

Short form of ateji (当て字) spelling 布哇.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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() (fu

  1. cloth
  2. Short for 布銭 (fusen): a type of bronze coin used during the Spring and Autumn period of ancient China

Affix

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() (fu

  1. cloth
  2. spread out evenly
  3. spread widely
  4. type of ancient Chinese currency
  5. (US) Short for ハワイ (Hawaii (a state and former kingdom in the United States)).

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke, Stephen Wright Horn, et al. (eds.) (2023) “Old Japanese nunwo, ninwo”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese[1]
  2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(po) (hangeul )

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Old Japanese

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Japonic *nono.

Noun

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(nuno1) (kana ぬの)

  1. cloth
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Japanese: (nuno)

Etymology 2

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The eastern variant, attested from an Azuma-uta poem in the Man’yōshū. Presumably from pre-form *neno.

Noun

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(nino1) (kana にの)

  1. (regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) cloth
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3351:
      , text here
      筑波禰由伎可母布良留伊奈乎可母加奈思吉児呂爾努保佐流可母
      Tukupa-ne ni yuki1 ka mo puraru ina wo ka mo kanasiki1 ko1ro2 ga nino1 posaru ka mo
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Việt readings: bố ((bác)(cố)(thiết))[1][2][3]
: Nôm readings: bố[1][2], [1][3], [1], bồ[1], [1], múa[2], búa[3], vố[3], [4]

  1. Nôm form of (breast).

Compounds

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References

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