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布

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 佈
布 U+5E03, 布
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E03
← 市
[U+5E02] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 帄 →
[U+5E04]

Translingual

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Stroke order
Japan

(For Chinese,
swap
strokes 2 and 1.)

Han character

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布 (Kangxi radical 50, 巾+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大中月 (KLB), four-corner 40227, composition ⿸𠂇巾)

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 328, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8778
  • Dae Jaweon: page 633, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 728, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5E03

Chinese

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trad. 布/佈
simp. 布
alternative forms 𫷁 original
𢁙
𬥐
𭓤
佈 – “to spread; to proclaim; to arrange; etc.”

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 布
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (父) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
抪 *paː, *paːs
布 *paːs
佈 *paːs
怖 *pʰaːs
斧 *paʔ
父 *paʔ, *baʔ
蚥 *paʔ, *baʔ
滏 *baʔ
釜 *baʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *paːs): phonetic 父 (OC *paʔ, *baʔ) + semantic 巾 (“kerchief”).

Etymology

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"to spread out" (tr.)
Likely from Proto-Sino-Tibetan. Schuessler (2007) considers this sense to be cognate with:
"cloth"
"Cloth" is often thought to be the same etymon as "to spread (out)" (tr.). Alternatively, Schuessler thinks this sense's Austroasiatic origin more likely. Indeed, a late Han (漢) dynasty's word for "cotton", 幏布 *ka(H)-puoH (Shuowen, Hou Hanshu), was borrowed from the Austroasiatic-speaking Man-Yi peoples, and a Sanskrit loan (c. 430 CE) into Northwestern dialect is 古貝 *koX-peiH. Compare Proto-Austroasiatic *k-rn-pas and Proto-Mon-Khmer *kpaas (“cotton”), whence Khmer ក្របាស (krɑbaah), Bahnar kơpaih, Proto-Vietic *k-paːs (→ Vietnamese vải & Muong pái).
Additionally, Schuessler suggests that the Austroasiatic word was the source of Sanskrit कर्पास (karpāsa) & Ancient Greek κάρπασος (kárpasos). Still, earlier Johnson & Decker (1980) stated that "the problem of etymological origin of karpāsa has not been resolved".

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • bou3 - vernacular;
  • bu3 - literary.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: beu3 / bu3
      • Sinological IPA: /pɛu²¹/, /pu²¹/
Note:
  • beu3 - vernacular;
  • bu3 - literary.
Rime
Character 布
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 愽故切
Baxter puH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/puoH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/puoH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/poH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/pɔH/
Li
Rong 		/poH/
Wang
Li 		/puH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/puoH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bou3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 布
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ puH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pˁa-s/
English cloth

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 布
Reading # 1/1
No. 3495
Phonetic
component 		父
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*paːs/

Definitions

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布

  1. cloth; textiles (Classifier: 匹; 塊／块)
    棉布  ―  miánbù  ―  cotton cloth
  2. to announce; to proclaim
    宣布  ―  xuānbù  ―  to declare, to proclaim, to announce
  3. to spread
    遍布  ―  biànbù  ―  to be found everywhere, to be spread all over
    烏雲密布／乌云密布  ―  wūyúnmìbù  ―  overcast
    老人臉上布滿了皺紋。 [MSC, trad.]
    老人脸上布满了皱纹。 [MSC, simp.]
    Lǎorén liǎn shàng bùmǎn le zhòuwén. [Pinyin]
    The old man's face is full of wrinkles.
  4. to deploy; to set out
    布署  ―  bùshǔ  ―  to lay out; to deploy
    布下圈套  ―  bù xià quāntào  ―  to set up a trap
  5. a surname
  6. Used in transcription.
    布宜諾斯艾利斯／布宜诺斯艾利斯  ―  Bùyínuòsī'àilìsī  ―  Buenos Aires
    布魯克林／布鲁克林  ―  Bùlǔkèlín  ―  Brooklyn
    布達佩斯／布达佩斯  ―  Bùdápèisī  ―  Budapest
    喀布爾／喀布尔  ―  Kābù'ěr  ―  Kabul

Descendants

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  • → Lao: ຜ້າ (phā, “cloth”)
  • → Thai: ผ้า (pâa, “cloth”)

Compounds

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References

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  • “布”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “布”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 134.

Japanese

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Kanji

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布

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: ふ (fu, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: ほ (ho)
  • Kun: ぬの (nuno, 布, Jōyō)、しく (shiku, 布く)
  • Nanori: たえ (tae)、のぶ (nobu)、よし (yoshi)

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
布
ぬの
Grade: 5
kun'yomi

⟨nuno1⟩ → */nunʷo/ → /nuno/

From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *nono.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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布(ぬの) • (nuno) 

  1. cloth
  2. (architecture) umbrella term for something wide, horizontal, level, parallel, etc. as in a piece of cloth
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
布
ふ
Grade: 5
goon

From Middle Chinese 布 (MC puH).

“Hawaii”

Short form of ateji (当(あ)て字(じ)) spelling 布哇.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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布(ふ) • (fu) 

  1. cloth
  2. short for 布銭 (fusen): a type of bronze coin used during the Spring and Autumn period of ancient China

Affix

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布(ふ) • (fu) 

  1. cloth
  2. spread out evenly
  3. spread widely
  4. type of ancient Chinese currency
  5. (US) short for ハワイ (“Hawaii (a state and former kingdom in the United States)”)

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke; Stephen Wright Horn; et al. (eds.) (2023), “Old Japanese nunwo, ninwo”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese‎[1]
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

布 • (po) (hangeul 포)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Old Japanese

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Japonic *nono.

Noun

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布 (nuno1) (kana ぬの)

  1. cloth
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Japanese: 布 (nuno)

Etymology 2

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The eastern variant, attested from an Azuma-uta poem in the Man’yōshū. Presumably from pre-form *neno.

Noun

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布 (nino1) (kana にの)

  1. (regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) cloth

Vietnamese

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Han character

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布: Hán Việt readings: bố (博(bác)故(cố)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
布: Nôm readings: bố[1][2], vú[1][3], bó[1], bồ[1], vó[1], múa[2], búa[3], vố[3], bô[4]

  1. chữ Nôm form of vú (“breast”)

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Hồ (1976).
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