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斧

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
斧 U+65A7, 斧
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65A7
← 斦
[U+65A6] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 斨 →
[U+65A8]

Translingual

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Han character

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斧 (Kangxi radical 69, 斤+4, 8 strokes, Cangjie input 金大竹一中 (CKHML), four-corner 80221, composition ⿱父斤)

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 479, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13539
  • Dae Jaweon: page 838, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2023, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+65A7

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 斧
alternative forms 𤕑
鈇／𫓧

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 斧
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Transcribed ancient scripts
L14960
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (父) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
抪 *paː, *paːs
布 *paːs
佈 *paːs
怖 *pʰaːs
斧 *paʔ
父 *paʔ, *baʔ
蚥 *paʔ, *baʔ
滏 *baʔ
釜 *baʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *paʔ): phonetic 父 (OC *paʔ, *baʔ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”)

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rV-paʔ (“axe”) (STEDT, under PTB *r-pʷa). Cognate with Garo rua (“axe”), Jingpho nwa, ningwa (“axe”), Tangut 𘟬 (*wjị¹, “axe”), Japhug tɯrpa (“axe”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • bu2 - vernacular;
  • fu2 - literary.
Note:
  • Sixian:
    • pú - vernacular;
    • fú - literary.
Note:
  • bū - vernacular;
  • hǔ - literary.
Note:
  • puō - vernacular;
  • hū - literary.
Note:
  • pó͘/phú - vernacular;
  • hú - literary.
Rime
Character 斧
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 方矩切
Baxter pjuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pɨoX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pioX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pioX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/puə̆X/
Li
Rong 		/pioX/
Wang
Li 		/pĭuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pi̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fu2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 斧
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjuX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*p(r)aʔ/
English axe

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 斧
Reading # 1/1
No. 3499
Phonetic
component 		父
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		甫
Old
Chinese 		/*paʔ/

Definitions

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斧

  1. axe; hatchet

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 斧子 (“axe; hatchet”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 斧
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 斧子, 斧頭
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 斧子
Taiwan 斧頭
Chengde 斧子
Chifeng 斧子
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 斧子
Heihe 斧頭
Qiqihar 斧頭, 斧子
Harbin 斧頭, 斧子
Jiamusi 斧頭, 斧子
Baicheng 斧頭
Changchun 斧子
Tonghua 斧子
Shenyang 斧頭
Jinzhou 斧頭, 斧子
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 斧子
Tangshan 斧頭, 斧子
Cangzhou 斧子
Baoding 斧子
Shijiazhuang 斧子
Lijin 斧子
Jinan 斧子
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 斧頭
Dandong 斧頭
Yantai 斧子
Yantai (Muping) 斧子
Qingdao 斧頭
Zhucheng 斧頭, 斧子
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 斧
Lingbao 斧頭
Jining 斧子
Wanrong 斧
Linfen 斧子
Shangqiu 斧頭
Yuanyang 斧頭
Zhengzhou 斧
Xinyang 斧子
Ankang 斧子
Ankang (Xianhe, Hanbin) 斧子
Baihe 斧頭
Baihe (Maoping) 斧子
Xi'an 斧頭
Dingbian 斧頭
Baoji 斧頭
Tianshui 斧頭
Xining 斧頭
Dunhuang (Hedong dialect) 斧頭
Xuzhou 斧子, 斧頭
Fuyang 斧頭
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 斧頭
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 斧頭
Lanzhou 斧頭
Hami 斧頭
Ürümqi 斧頭
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 斧頭, 斧子, 開山兒, 貓耳
Nanchong 斧頭
Dazhou 開山兒
Hanyuan 斧頭
Xichang 斧頭
Zigong 斧頭, 貓兒刀
Chongqing 開山兒
Wuhan 斧頭
Yichang 斧頭
Xiangyang 斧頭
Tianmen 斧頭
Guiyang 斧頭, 開山
Zunyi 斧頭, 開山兒
Bijie 斧頭
Liping 斧子
Zhaotong 斧子
Dali 斧頭
Kunming 斧子
Mengzi 斧子
Guilin 斧頭
Liuzhou 斧頭
Jishou 斧頭, 毛頭
Changde 斧頭
Shiquan 斧子, 開山子
Ziyang 響子
Hanzhong 斧頭
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 斧子, 斧頭
Yangzhou 斧頭, 大斧
Lianyungang 斧頭
Lianshui 斧頭
Nantong 斧頭
Anqing 斧頭, 斧子
Wuhu 斧子
Hefei 斧頭
Hong'an 斧頭, 四路
Cantonese Guangzhou 斧頭
Hong Kong 斧頭
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 斧頭
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 斧頭
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 斧頭
Taishan 斧頭
Dongguan 斧頭
Yangjiang 斧頭
Nanning 斧頭
Hepu (Lianzhou) 斧頭
Danzhou 手斧
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 斧頭
Gan Nanchang 斧頭
Lichuan 斧頭
Pingxiang 斧頭
Hakka Meixian 斧頭
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 斧頭
Wuhua (Huacheng) 斧頭
Wuhua (Changbu) 斧頭
Wuhua (Mianyang) 斧頭
Jiexi 斧頭
Yudu 斧頭
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 斧頭
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 斧頭
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 斧頭
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 斧頭
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 斧頭
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 斧頭
Hong Kong 斧頭
Sabah (Longchuan) 斧頭
Senai (Huiyang) 斧頭
Huizhou Jixi 斧頭
Shexian 斧頭
Jin Taiyuan 斧子, 斧頭
Pingyao 斧子
Yangyuan 斧頭
Datong 斧子
Xinzhou 斧子
Lüliang (Lishi) 斧子
Changzhi 斧子
Linhe 斧子
Jining 斧子
Hohhot 斧子
Erenhot 斧子
Pingshan 斧子
Zhangjiakou 斧頭
Handan 斧頭
Anyang 斧子
Linzhou 斧子
Suide 斧子
Northern Min Jian'ou 斧頭
Eastern Min Fuzhou 斧頭
Southern Min Xiamen 斧頭
Quanzhou 斧, 斧頭
Yongchun 斧, 斧頭
Kaohsiung 斧頭
Yilan 斧頭
Changhua (Lukang) 斧頭
Taichung 斧頭
Taichung (Wuqi) 斧頭
Tainan 斧頭
Taitung 斧頭
Hsinchu 斧頭
Penghu (Magong) 斧頭
Manila (Hokkien) 斧頭
Chaozhou 斧頭
Shantou 斧頭
Bangkok (Teochew) 斧頭
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 斧頭
Wenchang 斧
Haikou 斧
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 斧頭
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 斧頭
Shehua Fu'an 斧頭
Fuding 斧頭
Sanming 斧頭
Shunchang 斧頭
Hua'an 斧頭
Guixi (Zhangping) 斧頭
Cangnan 斧頭
Longyou 斧頭
Chaozhou 斧頭
Fengshun 斧頭
Wu Shanghai 斧頭
Shanghai (Chongming) 斧頭
Suzhou 斧頭
Danyang 大斧, 斧頭
Hangzhou 斧頭
Shaoxing 斧頭
Ningbo 斧頭
Wenzhou 斧頭
Jinhua 斧頭
Xiang Changsha 斧頭, 開山子, 開山
Loudi 貓頭, 開山子
Shuangfeng 貓頭, 斧頭, 開山子
Hengyang 斧頭, 開山子, 貓頭

Compounds

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Hachijō

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Kanji

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斧

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

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  • Kun: よき (yoki, 斧)

Noun

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Kanji in this term
斧
よき
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

斧(よき) (yoki) 

  1. a small hatchet

Japanese

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斧

Kanji

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斧

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
斧
おの
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
 斧 on Japanese Wikipedia

From Old Japanese. Logographically attested in the Man'yōshū as 斧, and phonetically attested in the Nihon Ryōiki with the man'yōgana spelling 乎乃.[1] In turn, from Proto-Japonic *wənə.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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斧(おの) or 斧(オノ) • (ono) ←をの (wono) or ヲノ (wono)?

  1. axe, hatchet
    • 1079, Konkōmyō Saishōōkyō Ongi, page 9 (back):
      斧 乎乃
      Axe: wono
    • 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki:
      [3]
      Vono. ヲノ (斧) または、 Masacari. (鉞) 斧.
      Wono. Also masakari. A hatchet.
    • 2008 March 15, “アックス・レイダー [Axe Raider]”, in STARTER(スターター) DECK(デッキ), Konami:
      オノを持(も)つ戦(せん)士(し)。片(かた)手(て)でオノを振(ふ)り回(まわ)す攻(こう)撃(げき)はかなり強(つよ)い。
      Ono o motsu senshi. Katate de ono o furimawasu kōgeki wa kanari tsuyoi.
      An axe-wielding warrior. He swings his axe with only one arm, yet he can deal quite some heavy blows.
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
斧
よき
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Attested in the Shinsen Jikyō of circa 898–901 CE, with the man'yōgana spelling 与支.[4] Presumably from Proto-Japonic, but the first attestation in Japanese is too late to precisely reconstruct the vowels. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *yoki.

Despite widespread regional attestations, the lack of pitch accent information in standard Japanese could imply that this word is not used in modern standard Japanese.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [jo̞kʲi]
  • (Toyama, Nagano, Gifu, Shizuoka, Aichi (Nagoya), Tottori, Shimane (Izumo), Okayama (Takamatsu)) よき [yòkí] (Heiban – [0])[5]
  • The dialects listed are Tokyo-type dialects. For more dialectal and accentual data, please consult the source.

Noun

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斧(よき) • (yoki) 

  1. (obsolete or dialectal) a hatchet
    1. (Ibaraki, Nagoya, Hyōgo, Shikoku, Kyūshū) a small hatchet
    2. (Yamanashi) a big hatchet
    3. (southern Tōhoku, Kantō, Chūbu, Kansai, Shikoku, Kyūshū) an axe, a hatchet (in general)
Usage notes
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This term apparently referred to a small type of hatchet. However, depending on the dialect, it can also refer to a larger type of hatchet.

Derived terms
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Further reading

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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
斧
よき > ゆき
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Dialectal form of 斧(よき) (yoki) above.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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斧(ゆき) • (yuki) 

  1. (Ishikawa) a hatchet

References

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  1. ^ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967), 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 837
  2. ^ “おの［をの］ 【斧】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  3. ^ Doi, Tadao (1603–1604), Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
  4. ^ “よき 【斧】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Hirayama, Teruo (平山 照男); Ōshima Ichirō (大島 一郎); Ōno Masao (大野 眞男); Kuno Makoto (久野 眞); Kuno Mariko (久野 マリ子); Sugimura Takao (杉村 孝夫) (1992-1994), 現代日本語方言大辞典 [Dictionary of Japanese Dialects], Tokyo: Meiji Shoin (明治書院), pages 911–914
  • Tsukishima, Hiroshi (1079), Kojisho Ongi Shūsei 12: Konkōmyō Saishōōkyō Ongi (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Kyūko Shoin, published 1979, →ISBN.

Korean

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Hanja

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斧 (eum 부 (bu))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Old Japanese

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Etymology

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From Proto-Japonic *wənə.

Noun

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斧 (wono2) (kana をの)

  1. an axe, hatchet
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 7, poem 1403:
      三幣帛取神之祝我鎮齊杉原燎木伐殆之國手斧所取奴
      mi1NUSA TORI KAMI2 NO2 PAPURI ga ITUKU SUGI1PARA TAKI1GI2 KO2RI POTOPOTOsikuni TE WONO2 TORAYEnu
      In the field of cedars, I take this offering; the god's priest worships. I almost cut the firewood holding the axe in my hand.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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斧: Hán Việt readings: phủ
斧: Nôm readings: búa

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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