斤

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See also: 觔 and 斥
斤 U+65A4, 斤
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65A4
← 斣
[U+65A3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 斥 →
[U+65A5]
⽄ U+2F44, ⽄
KANGXI RADICAL AXE
← ⽃
[U+2F43] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽅ →
[U+2F45]

Translingual

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Stroke order
4 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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See images of
Radical 69 斤

斤 (Kangxi radical 69, 斤+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹一中 (HML), four-corner 72221, composition ⿸𠂆丅 or ⿸𠂋丨)

  1. Kangxi radical #69, ⽄.

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 479, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13534
  • Dae Jaweon: page 837, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2022, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+65A4

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 斤
alternative forms 釿／𬬱 “axe”
觔／斤 “catty”

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 斤
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (斤) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蘄 *ɡɯ, *kɯl, *ɡɯn
祈 *ɡɯl
頎 *ɡɯl
旂 *ɡɯl
圻 *ɡɯl, *ŋɡɯːn, *ŋɡɯn
蚚 *ɡɯl, *ɡɯːls
岓 *ɡɯl
玂 *ɡɯl
沂 *ŋɡɯl
掀 *qʰan
釿 *ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋkɯn
齗 *ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋɡɯn
听 *ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋɡɯnʔ
垽 *ŋrɯns, *qɯns
斤 *kɯn, *kɯns
菦 *kɯnʔ
靳 *kɯns
劤 *kɯns
勁 *kɯns, *keŋs
赾 *kʰɯnʔ
芹 *ɡɯn
近 *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns
斦 *ŋɡɯn
欣 *qʰɯn
忻 *qʰɯn
昕 *qʰɯn
訢 *qʰɯn
炘 *qʰɯn, *qʰɯns
邤 *qʰɯn
庍 *qʰɯns, *mpreːɡs
焮 *qʰɯns

Pictogram (象形) - an axe.

Etymology

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ax
Unclear. Matisoff (2000) relates it to Proto-Lolo-Burmese *gyan (“pickax”); possibly also connected to Proto-Hmong-Mien *cwI:m (“axe”), Proto-Tai *xwaːnᴬ (“axe”) and/or Proto-Kam-Sui *kwan (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • geng1 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai;
  • gêng - Jieyang;
  • ging1 - Chaoyang.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 斤
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕin⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕin²¹/
Jinan /t͡ɕiẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕiə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕin²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕiẽ²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕiə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕĩn³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
Kunming /t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /t͡ɕin³¹/
Hefei /t͡ɕin²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕiəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡ɕiŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕiŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕin³³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕaŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕiʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕin¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕin³³/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕin³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕin⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /kin⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /kin²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kɐn⁵³/
Nanning /kɐn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kɐn⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kun⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kyŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kœyŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kɯŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /in²³/
Rime
Character 斤
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 欣 (57)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 舉欣切
Baxter kj+n
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɨn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɨn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kiən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kɨn/
Li
Rong 		/kiən/
Wang
Li 		/kĭən/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ki̯ən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jīn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gan1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 斤
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jīn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kjɨn ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ər/
English axe; catty

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 斤
Reading # 1/2
No. 6649
Phonetic
component 		斤
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		斤
Old
Chinese 		/*kɯn/

Definitions

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斤

  1. catty, a unit of weight
    1. (Mainland China) catty or jin, a traditional unit of weight, equal to 0.5 kilograms
    2. (Hong Kong) catty or kan, a traditional unit of weight, legally defined as equal to 0.60478982 kilograms (公斤 or sometimes approximated as 500 grams)
    3. (Taiwan) catty, a traditional unit of weight, equal to 0.6 kilograms, also equal to 16 taels
  2. (archaic) axe; hatchet
    匠石運斤成風，聽而斫之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    匠石运斤成风，听而斫之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Jiàng Shí yùn jīn chéng fēng, tīng ér zhuó zhī. [Pinyin]
    (The artisan) Shi whirled his axe so as to produce a wind, which immediately carried off the mud entirely.
  3. keen; shrewd

See also

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Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character 斤
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 欣 (57)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居焮切
Baxter kj+nH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɨnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɨnH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kiənH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kɨnH/
Li
Rong 		/kiənH/
Wang
Li 		/kĭənH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ki̯ənH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jìn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gan3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 斤
Reading # 2/2
No. 6653
Phonetic
component 		斤
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		靳
Old
Chinese 		/*kɯns/

Definitions

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斤

  1. Only used in 斤斤 (jīnjīn).

Compounds

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Further reading

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Japanese

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Kanji

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斤

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. counter for loaves of bread
  2. (chiefly Okinawan) catty, a unit of weight equaling approximately 600 grams, or a unit of volume equaling approximately 600 cubic centimeters

Readings

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  • Go-on: こん (kon)
  • Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)
  • Kun: おの (ono, 斤)

Compounds

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Compounds

Korean

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Hanja

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斤 (eumhun 근 근 (geun geun))

  1. hanja form? of 근 (“catty”)
  2. hanja form? of 근 (“axe”)
  3. hanja form? of 근 (“keen, shrewd”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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斤: Hán Nôm readings: cân, rìu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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