Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order
|
|
Han character[edit]
近 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 卜竹一中 (YHML), four-corner 32302, composition ⿺辶斤)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 1254, character 7
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38752
- Dae Jaweon: page 1736, character 18
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3819, character 12
- Unihan data for U+8FD1
Chinese[edit]
Glyph origin[edit]
|
|
Old Chinese
|
| 蘄
|
*ɡɯ, *kɯl, *ɡɯn
|
| 祈
|
*ɡɯl
|
| 頎
|
*ɡɯl
|
| 旂
|
*ɡɯl
|
| 圻
|
*ɡɯl, *ŋɡɯːn, *ŋɡɯn
|
| 蚚
|
*ɡɯl, *ɡɯːls
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| 岓
|
*ɡɯl
|
| 玂
|
*ɡɯl
|
| 沂
|
*ŋɡɯl
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| 掀
|
*qʰan
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| 釿
|
*ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋkɯn
|
| 齗
|
*ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋɡɯn
|
| 听
|
*ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋɡɯnʔ
|
| 垽
|
*ŋrɯns, *qɯns
|
| 斤
|
*kɯn, *kɯns
|
| 菦
|
*kɯnʔ
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| 靳
|
*kɯns
|
| 劤
|
*kɯns
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| 勁
|
*kɯns, *keŋs
|
| 赾
|
*kʰɯnʔ
|
| 芹
|
*ɡɯn
|
| 近
|
*ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns
|
| 斦
|
*ŋɡɯn
|
| 欣
|
*qʰɯn
|
| 忻
|
*qʰɯn
|
| 昕
|
*qʰɯn
|
| 訢
|
*qʰɯn
|
| 炘
|
*qʰɯn, *qʰɯns
|
| 邤
|
*qʰɯn
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| 庍
|
*qʰɯns, *mpreːɡs
|
| 焮
|
*qʰɯns
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) – to be near something.
Etymology[edit]
Karlgren (1933) relates 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns) to 幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”).
近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”) is the exoactive/causative derivation of 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Compare Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, whence Vietnamese gần (“near”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Pinyin): jìn (jin4)
- (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ
- (Chengdu, SP): jin4
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җин (žin, III)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou, Jyutping): kan5, gan6
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): kin1, gin5
- Gan (Wiktionary): qin5
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiun / khiûn
- Jin (Wiktionary): jing3
- Min Bei (KCR): gṳ̄ing
- Min Dong (BUC): gê̤ṳng
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien, POJ): kūn / kǔn / kīn / kīrn
- (Teochew, Peng'im): geng6
- Wu (Wiktionary): jjin (T3)
- Xiang (Wiktionary): jin5 / jin4
Note:
- kan5 - vernacular;
- gan6 - literary.
Note:
- kin1 - vernacular;
- gin5 - literary.
Gan
Hakka
Jin
Min Bei
Min Dong
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Lukang)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung, Penang)
- (Hokkien: Sanxia)
- (Teochew)
Wu
Xiang
Note:
- jin5 - vernacular;
- jin4 - literary.
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
|
| Character
|
近
|
近
|
| Reading #
|
1/2
|
2/2
|
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
|
jìn
|
jìn
|
Middle
Chinese
|
‹ gjɨnX ›
|
‹ gjɨnH ›
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*N-kərʔ/
|
/*s-N-kərʔ-s/
|
| English
|
near
|
be near to (v.t.)
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
| Character
|
近
|
近
|
| Reading #
|
1/2
|
2/2
|
| No.
|
6659
|
6660
|
Phonetic
component
|
斤
|
斤
|
Rime
group
|
文
|
文
|
Rime
subdivision
|
1
|
1
|
Corresponding
MC rime
|
近
|
近
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*ɡɯnʔ/
|
/*ɡɯns/
|
Definitions[edit]
近
- (of distances) near; close
住越近越容易遲到。 [MSC, trad.]
住越近越容易迟到。 [MSC, simp.]- Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào. [Pinyin]
- Those who live closer to the destination are more likely to be late.
我屋企好近學校。 [Cantonese, trad.]
我屋企好近学校。 [Cantonese, simp.]- ngo5 uk1 kei5-2 hou2 kan5 hok6 haau3. [Jyutping]
- My home is close to my school.
- (of time) near; close
現在離春節越來越近了。 [MSC, trad.]
现在离春节越来越近了。 [MSC, simp.]- Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le. [Pinyin]
- We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.
近呢幾年都冇乜新歌好聽。 [Cantonese, trad.]
近呢几年都冇乜新歌好听。 [Cantonese, simp.]- gan6 nei1 gei2 nin4 dou1 mou5 mat1 san1 go1 hou2 teng1. [Jyutping]
- There have been few good new songs in the past few years.
- intimate; close (on affectionate terms)
- 別跟他走得太近。 / 别跟他走得太近。 ― Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn. ― Don't be too close with him.
- to approach; to be close to
- 近千人 ― jìn qiān rén ― nearly one thousand people
- 年近四十 ― nián jìn sìshí ― approaching forty
- easy to understand
- 淺近 / 浅近 ― qiǎnjìn ― easy to understand
- (Wenzhou Wu) to make a profit; to earn
Synonyms[edit]
Synonyms of 近
- 同衾 (tóngqīn) (literary, figuratively)
- 周密 (zhōumì) (literary, of dealings)
- 密切 (mìqiè)
- 接近 (jiējìn)
- 火熱／火热 (huǒrè)
- 熱和／热和 (rèhuo) (colloquial)
- 熱火／热火 (rèhuǒ) (colloquial)
|
|
- 知心 (zhīxīn)
- 緊密／紧密 (jǐnmì)
- 親切／亲切 (qīnqiè)
- 親善／亲善 (qīnshàn) (of relations between countries)
- 親密／亲密 (qīnmì)
- 親熱／亲热 (qīnrè)
|
|
|
Compounds[edit]
Further reading[edit]
Japanese[edit]
近
(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)
- near, close
Readings[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
近 • (Kon)
- A surname.
近 (eumhun 가까울 근 (gakkaul geun))
- Hanja form? of 근 (“near; close”).
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
近: Hán Nôm readings: cận, cặn, gàn, gần
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
