近

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近 U+8FD1, 近
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8FD1
← 运
[U+8FD0]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 迒 →
[U+8FD2]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character[edit]

近 (radical 162 辵+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 卜竹一中 (YHML), four-corner 32302, composition ⿺辶斤)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1254, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38752
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1736, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3819, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+8FD1

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 近
alt. forms 𣥍

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 近
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
近-seal.svg 近-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (斤) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蘄 *ɡɯ, *kɯl, *ɡɯn
祈 *ɡɯl
頎 *ɡɯl
旂 *ɡɯl
圻 *ɡɯl, *ŋɡɯːn, *ŋɡɯn
蚚 *ɡɯl, *ɡɯːls
岓 *ɡɯl
玂 *ɡɯl
沂 *ŋɡɯl
掀 *qʰan
釿 *ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋkɯn
齗 *ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋɡɯn
听 *ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋɡɯnʔ
垽 *ŋrɯns, *qɯns
斤 *kɯn, *kɯns
菦 *kɯnʔ
靳 *kɯns
劤 *kɯns
勁 *kɯns, *keŋs
赾 *kʰɯnʔ
芹 *ɡɯn
近 *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns
斦 *ŋɡɯn
欣 *qʰɯn
忻 *qʰɯn
昕 *qʰɯn
訢 *qʰɯn
炘 *qʰɯn, *qʰɯns
邤 *qʰɯn
庍 *qʰɯns, *mpreːɡs
焮 *qʰɯns

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • kan5 - vernacular;
  • gan6 - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 近
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕin⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡ɕin⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕin⁵³/
Jinan /t͡ɕiẽ²¹/
Qingdao /t͡ɕiə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕin³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡ɕiẽ⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕiə̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕiŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕĩn¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕiŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕin³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕin¹³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕin²¹³/
Kunming /t͡ɕĩ¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕin⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡ɕin⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕiəŋ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡ɕiŋ³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡ɕĩŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕiŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /d͡ʑin³¹/
Hangzhou /d͡ʑin¹³/
Wenzhou /d͡ʑaŋ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰiʌ̃³⁵/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰin²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
/t͡ɕin¹¹/
Xiangtan /d͡ʑin²¹/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰin²¹/
Hakka Meixian /kʰiun⁴⁴/ 好～
/kʰiun⁵³/ ～來
Taoyuan /kʰuŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kɐn²²/
Nanning /kʰɐn²⁴/
/kɐn²²/
Hong Kong /kɐn²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kun²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /køyŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kyiŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kɯŋ³⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /kin³³/
Rime
Character 近 近
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 群 (30) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 欣 (57) 欣 (57)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 其謹切 巨靳切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɡɨnX/ /ɡɨnH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɡɨnX/ /ɡɨnH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɡiənX/ /ɡiənH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /gɨnX/ /gɨnH/
Li
Rong		 /ɡiənX/ /ɡiənH/
Wang
Li		 /ɡĭənX/ /ɡĭənH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /gi̯ənX/ /gi̯ənH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jìn jìn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 近 近
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jìn jìn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ gjɨnX › ‹ gjɨnH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*N-kərʔ/ /*s-N-kərʔ-s/
English near be near to (v.t.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 近 近
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 6659 6660
Phonetic
component		 斤 斤
Rime
group		 文 文
Rime
subdivision		 1 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 近 近
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡɯnʔ/ /*ɡɯns/

Definitions[edit]

近

  1. near, close
    Antonyms: 遠／远 (yuǎn)
  2. intimate
  3. approximately
  4. to approach
  5. (dialectal) to make a profit; to earn

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 近

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

近

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. near, close

Readings[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

近 (hiragana こん, rōmaji Kon)

  1. A surname​.

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

近 • (geun) (hangeul 근, McCune-Reischauer kŭn, Yale kun)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

近 (cận, cặn, gàn, gần)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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