勁

勁 U+52C1, 勁 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52C1 ← 勀 [U+52C0] CJK Unified Ideographs 勂 → [U+52C2]

See also: 劲

Translingual

Han character

勁 (radical 19 力+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一一大尸 (MMKS), four-corner 1412₇, composition ⿰巠力)

References

• KangXi: page 147, character 25
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2349
• Dae Jaweon: page 332, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 371, character 4
• Unihan data for U+52C1

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Chinese

trad.		勁
simp.		劲

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (巠) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
葝	*ɡeŋ, *ɡeŋ
頸	*keŋʔ, *ɡeŋ
勁	*kɯns, *keŋs
鑋	*kʰeŋ, *kʰeːŋs
輕	*kʰeŋ, *kʰeŋs
涇	*ɡeŋʔ, *keːŋ
經	*keːŋ, *keːŋs
鵛	*keːŋ
巠	*keːŋ
剄	*keːŋʔ
烴	*keːŋʔ
徑	*keːŋs
逕	*keːŋs
桱	*keːŋs
蛵	*qʰeːŋ
陘	*ɡeːŋ
鋞	*ɡeːŋ, *ɡeːŋʔ
脛	*ɡeːŋʔ, *ɡeːŋs
踁	*ɡeːŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kɯns, *keŋs): phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ) + semantic 力 (“strength”).

Etymology

Perhaps related to 強 (OC *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ, “strong”).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jìng (jing⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ging⁶, ging³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kin
• Min Dong (BUC): gêng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): kèng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gên³

• Wu (Wiktionary): jin (T2)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: jìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
    • Wade-Giles: ching⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ging⁶, ging³
    • Yale: gihng, ging
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ging⁶, ging³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ging⁶, ging³
    • IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ²²/, /kɪŋ³³/

Note:

• ging6 - more common, especially when meaning “amazing; terrific; super”.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kin
    • Hakka Romanization System: gin
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gin⁴
    • IPA: /kin⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gêng
    • IPA ^(key): /kɛiŋ²⁴²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
    • Tâi-lô: kìng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gên³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kèⁿ
    • IPA ^(key): /kẽ²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: jin (T2)
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕɪɲ³⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /kiᴇŋ^H/▼

Rime
Character	勁
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	清 (121)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居正切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kiᴇŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɛŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/kiæŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiajŋH/
Li Rong	/kiɛŋH/
Wang Li	/kĭɛŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ɛŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*keŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kɯns/, /*keŋs/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	勁
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjiengH ›
Old Chinese	/*keŋ-s/ (no palatalization before *-eŋ?)
English	strong
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	勁	勁
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6655	6790
Phonetic component	斤	巠
Rime group	文	耕
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	靳	勁
Old Chinese	/*kɯns/	/*keŋs/
Notes	今訓讀爲劤

Definitions

勁

1. powerful; strong
2. vigorous; with energy; lively
3. (Cantonese) amazing; terrific

   好勁 / 好劲 [Cantonese]  ―  hou² ging⁶ [Jyutping]  ―  amazing

4. (Cantonese) very; super

   勁似 / 劲似 [Cantonese]  ―  ging⁶ ci⁵ [Jyutping]  ―  closely resembling

   勁煩 / 劲烦 [Cantonese]  ―  ging⁶ faan⁴ [Jyutping]  ―  super annoying

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jìn, jìng

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ, ㄐㄧㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ging³, ging⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kin
• Min Dong (BUC): géng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): kèng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gên³

• Wu (Wiktionary): jin (T2)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Pinyin: jìn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ
    • Wade-Giles: chin⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinn
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing, erhua-ed) (勁兒／劲儿)⁺
    • Pinyin: jìnr
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋㄦ
    • Wade-Giles: chinrh⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiell
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕjəɻ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Pinyin: jìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
    • Wade-Giles: ching⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing, erhua-ed) (勁兒／劲儿)⁺
    • Pinyin: jìngr
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋㄦ
    • Wade-Giles: chingrh⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jienglh
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕjɤ̃ɻ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ging³, ging⁶
    • Yale: ging, gihng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ging³, ging⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ging³, ging⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ³³/, /kɪŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kin
    • Hakka Romanization System: gin
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gin⁴
    • IPA: /kin⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: géng
    • IPA ^(key): /kɛiŋ²¹³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
    • Tâi-lô: kìng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gên³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kèⁿ
    • IPA ^(key): /kẽ²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: jin (T2)
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕɪɲ³⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /kiᴇŋ^H/▼

Rime
Character	勁
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	清 (121)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居正切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kiᴇŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɛŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/kiæŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiajŋH/
Li Rong	/kiɛŋH/
Wang Li	/kĭɛŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ɛŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*keŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kɯns/, /*keŋs/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	勁
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjiengH ›
Old Chinese	/*keŋ-s/ (no palatalization before *-eŋ?)
English	strong
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	勁	勁
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6655	6790
Phonetic component	斤	巠
Rime group	文	耕
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	靳	勁
Old Chinese	/*kɯns/	/*keŋs/
Notes	今訓讀爲劤

Definitions

勁

1. vigor; energy; strength (Classifier: 股 m)

Compounds

Derived terms from 勁

• 一個勁兒／一个劲儿 (yīgejìnr)
• 一股勁兒／一股劲儿
• 上勁／上劲 (shàngjìn)
• 下勁／下劲 (xiàjìn)
• 下死勁／下死劲
• 不對勁／不对劲 (bùduìjìn)
• 不得勁／不得劲
• 使勁／使劲 (shǐjìn)
• 來勁／来劲 (láijìn)
• 傻勁／傻劲
• 傻勁兒／傻劲儿
• 冷勁／冷劲
• 別勁／别劲
• 剛勁／刚劲 (gāngjìng)
• 加勁／加劲
• 加把勁／加把劲
• 努勁兒／努劲儿
• 勁兵／劲兵
• 勁力／劲力
• 勁吹／劲吹
• 勁士／劲士
• 勁射／劲射
• 勁弩／劲弩
• 勁拔／劲拔
• 勁捷／劲捷
• 勁敵／劲敌 (jìngdí)
• 勁旅／劲旅 (jìnglǜ)
• 勁氣／劲气
• 勁烈／劲烈
• 勁秀／劲秀
• 勁秋／劲秋
• 勁節／劲节
• 勁翮／劲翮

• 勁草／劲草
• 勁道／劲道
• 勁道十足／劲道十足
• 勁頭／劲头 (jìntóu)
• 勁頭兒／劲头儿
• 勁風／劲风
• 勁骨豐肌／劲骨丰肌
• 動勁／动劲
• 卯勁／卯劲
• 口勁／口劲
• 吃勁／吃劲
• 堅勁／坚劲
• 夠勁／够劲
• 對勁／对劲
• 巧勁兒／巧劲儿
• 差勁／差劲 (chàjìn)
• 帶勁／带劲 (dàijìn)
• 幹勁／干劲 (gànjìn)
• 強勁／强劲 (qiángjìng)
• 後勁／后劲
• 得勁／得劲
• 忖著勁兒／忖著劲儿
• 扭勁／扭劲
• 提不起勁／提不起劲
• 攢勁／攒劲
• 有勁／有劲 (yǒujìn)
• 果勁／果劲
• 標勁兒／标劲儿
• 橫勁／横劲
• 殊功勁節／殊功劲节
• 沒勁／没劲 (méijìn)
• 洋勁／洋劲
• 洩勁／泄劲 (xièjìn)

• 清風勁節／清风劲节
• 烹勁兒／烹劲儿
• 牛勁／牛劲
• 犯牛勁／犯牛劲
• 猛個勁／猛个劲
• 猛勁／猛劲
• 用勁／用劲 (yòngjìn)
• 疾風勁草／疾风劲草
• 直節勁氣／直节劲气
• 碰勁／碰劲
• 磨勁兒／磨劲儿
• 繃勁兒／绷劲儿
• 腳勁／脚劲
• 蒼勁／苍劲
• 虎勁／虎劲
• 衝勁／冲劲
• 襠勁／裆劲
• 豁勁／豁劲
• 費勁／费劲 (fèijìn)
• 賣勁／卖劲 (màijìn)
• 賣死勁／卖死劲
• 起勁／起劲 (qǐjìn)
• 較勁／较劲 (jiàojìn)
• 較勁兒／较劲儿
• 逞著勁兒／逞著劲儿
• 遒勁／遒劲
• 醋勁／醋劲 (cùjìn)
• 雄勁／雄劲
• 高風勁節／高风劲节
• 鬆勁／松劲 (sōngjìn)
• 鬥勁／斗劲
• 鬧騰勁兒／闹腾劲儿

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Japanese

Kanji

勁

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. Powerful, power.

Readings

• On: けい (kei)
• Kun: つよい (tsuyoi)

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Korean

Hanja

勁 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune-Reischauer kyŏng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

勁 (kính, cứng, cánh, kình)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.