野
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See also: 埜
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Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character[edit]
野 (radical 166, 里+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田土弓戈弓 (WGNIN), four-corner 67122, composition ⿰里予)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 1291, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40133
- Dae Jaweon: page 1793, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3683, character 1
- Unihan data for U+91CE
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
野 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | ||
Glyph origin[edit]
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *laːʔ, *ɦljaʔ): semantic 田 (“field”) + semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 予 (OC *la, *laʔ).
Etymology 1[edit]
Various etymologies have been proposed:
- From a hypothetical common Sino-Tibetan *la (“area far from settlements; wilderness”): compare Tibetan ལ (la, “mountain pass; hillside; mountainslope”) (Schuessler, 2007);
- Related to Proto-Mon-Khmer *laʔ (“to spread, extend”): compare Khmer លា (liə, “to unfold, spread, open out”) (Schuessler, 2007);
- From a Sino-Tibetan root meaning “hut; pantry”: compare Tibetan ལྷས (lhas, “pen; fold; cattle enclosure”) (Starostin).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
野
- countryside; field; outskirts; wilderness
- plain; open country; open space
- area; region; boundary
- (among) the people; not in power; out of office
- unadorned; unaffected; simple; plain
- wild; not domesticated; stray
- feral; untamed; unrestrained
- rough; coarse; violent; boorish; rude
- unofficial; informal; illegal
- (literary or Min Dong, Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien, Wu) very; quite
- A surname.
Synonyms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 野
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Etymology 2[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
野
Etymology 3[edit]
| For pronunciation and definitions of 野 – see 嘢 (“thing; matter; etc.”). (This character, 野, is a variant form of 嘢.) |
References[edit]
- “野”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04258
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
野
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: や (ya, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: や (ya, Jōyō)
- Kun: の (no, 野, Jōyō)
- Nanori: とお (tō)←とほ (tofo, historical); なお (nao)←なほ (nafo, historical); ひろ (hiro)
As the original form of 墅:
- Go-on: じょ (jo)←じよ (zyo, historical)
- Kan-on: しょ (sho)←しよ (syo, historical)
Compounds[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 野 |
| の Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
Etymology 1[edit]
⟨no1⟩ → /nʷo/ → /no/
From Old Japanese.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Prefix[edit]
- wild
- 野兎 ― nousagi ― wild rabbit
- rustic, unsophisticated
Derived terms[edit]
Idioms[edit]
- 野に置く (no ni oku)
Proverbs[edit]
- 野暮れ山暮れ (no kure yama kure)
- 野に伏し山に伏す (no ni fushi yama ni fusu)
- 後は野となれ山となれ (ato wa no to nare yama to nare)
Proper noun[edit]
- A surname.
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 野 |
| や Grade: 2 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 野 (MC jiaX).
Affix[edit]
- field, plain
- natural, pristine
- rough
- bare, open
- extant, scope, sphere
- civil, non-governmental
- (baseball) ground
- Short for 下野国 (Shimotsuke no kuni): Shimotsuke Province
Derived terms[edit]
Noun[edit]
Idioms[edit]
Adjectival noun[edit]
Inflection[edit]
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 野なら | やなら | yanara | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 野に[1] 野なり[2] |
やに やなり |
yani yanari | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 野なり | やなり | yanari | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 野なる | やなる | yanaru | |
| Realis (已然形) | 野なれ | やなれ | yanare | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 野なれ | やなれ | yanare | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Negative | 野ならず | やならず | yanarazu | |
| Contrasting conjunction | 野なれど | やなれど | yanaredo | |
| Causal conjunction | 野なれば | やなれば | yanareba | |
| Conditional conjunction | 野ならば | やならば | yanaraba | |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 野なりき | やなりき | yanariki | |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 野なりけり | やなりけり | yanarikeri | |
| Adverbial | 野に | やに | yani | |
| [1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. | ||||
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle Chinese 野 (MC jiaX). Recorded as Middle Korean 야〯 (Yale: yǎ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ja̠ː]
- Phonetic hangeul: [야ː]
- Long vowel distinction only applies at the initial position. Most speakers no longer distinguish vowel length at any position.
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
- 재야 (在野, jaeya, “nonmainstream”)
- 야채 (野菜, yachae, “vegetable”)
- 야구 (野球, yagu, “baseball”)
- 야인 (野人, yain, “barbarian”)
- 야만 (野蠻, yaman, “barbarism”)
- 야성 (野性, yaseong, “wild nature”)
- 분야 (分野, bunya, “branch”)
- 야당 (野黨, yadang, “opposition party”)
- 시야 (視野, siya, “visual field”)
- 야망 (野望, yamang, “ambition”)
- 야외 (野外, yaoe, “the outside”)
- 야심 (野心, yasim, “aspiration”)
- 광야 (曠野/廣野, gwang-ya, “wide field”)
- 임야 (林野, imya, “forest land”)
- 야박 (野薄, yabak, “heartlessness”)
- 야욕 (野慾, yayok, “ambition”)
- 야영 (野營, yayeong, “camping”)
- 야비 (野卑/野鄙, yabi, “meanness”)
Etymology 2[edit]
From Middle Chinese 野 (MC d͡ʑɨʌX).
Hanja[edit]
野 (eumhun 농막(農幕) 서 (nongmak seo))
- Original form of 墅.
Noun[edit]
| Hanja in this term |
|---|
| 野 |
- (in headlines) Short for 野黨 (yadang, “the opposition party”).
Usage notes[edit]
A common convention in news headlines, this is almost always written solely in the Hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any Hanja.
Antonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
Old Japanese[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Japonic *no.
Pronunciation appears to be distinct from の (no2, possessive and case-marker particle).
Noun[edit]
野 (no1) (kana の)
Derived terms[edit]
- 野つ鳥 (no1 tu to2ri, pillow word)
- 野守 (no1mori)
- 毛野 (Ke1no1)
- 小野 (wono1)
Descendants[edit]
- Japanese: 野 (no)
Etymology 2[edit]
The second sense is based on 国学 (kokugaku) scholars' reading of man'yōgana 努, 怒, 弩, etc. as ⟨nu⟩ instead of ⟨no1⟩ before regional differences in Old Japanese terms of were discovered.
Noun[edit]
野 (nu) (kana ぬ)
- (regional, Eastern Old Japanese) an area, field
- Misspelling of 野 (no1), from the view of an Edo-period scholar of the Man'yōshū and other Old Japanese literature
Derived terms[edit]
- 毛野 (Ke1nu)
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
野: Hán Việt readings: dã (
野: Nôm readings: dã[2][4][6], nhả[1][2], rã[1]
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
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- Japanese kanji with historical nanori reading なほ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ひろ
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- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading しよ
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