野

See also: 埜

野	U+91CE, 野 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91CE

← 重
[U+91CD]

CJK Unified Ideographs

量 →
[U+91CF]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

野 (radical 166, 里+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田土弓戈弓 (WGNIN), four-corner 6712₂, composition ⿰里予)

References[edit]

KangXi: page 1291, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40133
Dae Jaweon: page 1793, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3683, character 1
Unihan data for U+91CE

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.		野
variant forms		㙒墅埜𡐨壄㙒墅埜𡐨壄𡑀

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (予) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
野	laːʔ, ɦljaʔ
壄	*laːʔ
序	*ljaʔ
抒	ljaʔ, hlja, *ɦljaʔ
芧	*l'aʔ
杼	l'aʔ, ɦljaʔ
墅	*ɦljaːʔ
舒	*hlja
紓	hlja, ɦljaʔ
妤	*la
伃	*la
予	la, laʔ
預	*las
忬	*las
豫	*las
蕷	*las
澦	*las

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *laːʔ, *ɦljaʔ): semantic 田 (“field”) + semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 予 (OC *la, *laʔ).

Etymology[edit]

Various etymologies have been proposed:

From a hypothetical common Sino-Tibetan *la (“area far from settlements; wilderness”): compare Tibetan ལ (la, “mountain pass; hillside; mountain slope”) (Schuessler, 2007);
Related to Proto-Mon-Khmer *laʔ (“to spread, extend”): compare Khmer លា (liə, “to unfold, spread, open out”) (Schuessler, 2007);
From a Sino-Tibetan root meaning “hut; pantry”: compare Tibetan ལྷས (lhas, “pen; fold; cattle enclosure”) (Starostin).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yě (ye³)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): je⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yâ
Min Bei (KCR): iǎ / ià
Min Dong (BUC): iā
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): iá

(Teochew, Peng'im): ia²
Wu (Wiktionary): hhia (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yě
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˇ
  - Wade–Giles: yeh³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yyie
  - IPA ^(key): /i̯ɛ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: je⁵
  - Yale: yéh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: je⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: yé⁵
  - IPA ^(key): /jɛː¹³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: ia´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ya¹
  - IPA: /i̯a²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ia´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ya¹
  - IPA: /(j)i̯a²⁴/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: iǎ / ià
  - IPA ^(key): /ia²¹/, /ia⁴²/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: iā
  - IPA ^(key): /ia³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iá
  - Tâi-lô: iá
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iar
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ia⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ia⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ia⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ia⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ia⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ia²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iá
  - IPA ^(key): /ia⁵²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: hhia (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /ɦia̱²³/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 野
Mandarin	Beijing	/iɛ²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/iɛ²¹³/
	Tianjin	/ie¹³/
	Jinan	/iə⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/iə⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/iɛ⁵³/
	Xi'an	/iɛ⁵³/
	Xining	/i⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/ie⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/iə⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/iɤ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ie⁴²/
	Chengdu	/ie⁵³/
	Guiyang	/ie⁴²/
	Kunming	/iɛ⁵³/
	Nanjing	/ie²¹²/
	Hefei	/i²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ie⁵³/
	Pingyao	/ie̞⁵³/
	Hohhot	/ie⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦia²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦiɑ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/ʔie̞⁵³/ /ʔi⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/i³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/ie³⁵/ /ia³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi	/ia²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/ie⁴¹/ /ia⁴¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/iɒ⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/iɑ²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/ia⁴⁴/ /ia³¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ʒɑ²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jɛ²³/
	Nanning	/jɛ²⁴/
	Hong Kong	/jɛ¹³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/ia⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/ia³²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ia²¹/ /ia⁴²/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/ia⁵³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ze²¹³/ /ia²¹³/

Middle Chinese: /jia^X/▼

Rime
Character	野
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	羊者切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jia^X/
Pan Wuyun	/jia^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ia^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jia^X/
Li Rong	/ia^X/
Wang Li	/jĭa^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯a^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yě

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*lAʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*laːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	野
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yě
Middle Chinese	‹ yæ^X ›
Old Chinese	/*lAʔ/
English	open country
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	野
Reading #	1/2
No.	15722
Phonetic component	予
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	野
Old Chinese	/*laːʔ/

Definitions[edit]

野

countryside; field; outskirts; wilderness
plain; open country; open space
area; region; boundary
(among) the people; not in power; out of office
unadorned; unaffected; simple; plain
wild; not domesticated; stray
feral; untamed; unrestrained
rough; coarse; violent; boorish; rude
unofficial; informal; illegal
(literary or Min Dong, Xiamen and Quanzhou Min Nan) very; quite

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 野

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shù (shu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): seoi⁵, seoi⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: shù
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˋ
  - Wade–Giles: shu⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuh
  - IPA ^(key): /ʂu⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: seoi⁵, seoi⁶
  - Yale: séuih, seuih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: soey⁵, soey⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: sêu⁵, sêu⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /sɵy̯¹³/, /sɵy̯²²/

Middle Chinese: /d͡ʑɨʌ^X/▼

Rime
Character	野
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	承與切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑɨʌ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɔ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑiɔ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑɨə̆^X/
Li Rong	/ʑiɔ^X/
Wang Li	/ʑĭo^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯wo^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shù

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*ɦljaʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	野
Reading #	2/2
No.	15729
Phonetic component	予
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	野
Old Chinese	/*ɦljaʔ/

Definitions[edit]

野

^† Original form of 墅 (shù, “field; field hut; detached residence”).

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Go-on: じょ (jo)^{←じよ (zyo, historical)}; や (ya, Jōyō)
Kan-on: しょ (sho)^{←しよ (syo, historical)}; や (ya, Jōyō)
Kun: ぬ (nu, 野); の (no, 野, Jōyō)
Nanori: とお (tō)^{←とほ (tofo, historical)}; なお (nao)^{←なほ (nafo, historical)}; ひろ (hiro)

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Alternative forms[edit]

Kanji in this term
野
の Grade: 2
kun’yomi

埜

Etymology 1[edit]

⟨no₁⟩ → /nʷo/ → /no/

From Old Japanese.

Appears to be distinct from の (/no₂/ → no, possessive/case-marker particle) and 篦 (/no₂/ → no, “arrow shaft”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) の [nóꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
- IPA^(key): [no̞]

Noun[edit]

野 (hiragana の, rōmaji no)

an area, field
Synonyms: 野原 (nohara), 野っ原 (noppara), 野良 (nora)
the hidden part of a structure
Antonym: 化粧 (keshō)

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms

Prefix[edit]

野 (hiragana の, rōmaji no-)

wild
野 (の)兎 (うさぎ)
nousagi
wild rabbit
rustic, unsophisticated

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms

Idioms[edit]

野 (の)に置 (お)く (no ni oku)

Proverbs[edit]

野 (の)暮 (く)れ山 (やま)暮 (く)れ (no kure yama kure)
野 (の)に伏 (ふ)し山 (やま)に伏 (ふ)す (no ni fushi yama ni fusu)
後 (あと)は野 (の)となれ山 (やま)となれ (ato wa no to nare yama to nare)

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
野
ぬ Grade: 2
kun’yomi

*/nʷə/ → /nu/

The Eastern Old Japanese pronunciation, attested in poems of the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).

Noun[edit]

野 (hiragana ぬ, rōmaji nu)

(regional, obsolete) Same with の (no) above
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 20, poem 4387), text here
  知 (ち)波 (ば)乃 (の)奴 (ぬ)乃 (の)古 (こ)乃 (の)弖 (て)加 (か)之 (し)波 (は)能 (の)保 (ほ)々 (ほ)麻 (ま)例 (れ)等 (ど)阿 (あ)夜 (や)尓 (に)加 (か)奈 (な)之 (し)美 (み)於 (お)枳 (き)弖 (て)他 (た)加 (が)枳 (き)奴 (ぬ) [Man'yōgana]
  千 (ち)葉 (ば)の野 (ぬ)の児手 (このて)柏 (がしは)のほほまれどあやに愛 (かな)しみ置 (お)きて誰 (た)が来 (き)ぬ [Modern spelling]
  chiba no nu no konote-gashiwa no hohomaredo aya ni kanashimi okite ta ga kinu
  (please add an English translation of this example)
(historical) Misspelling of 野 (no), from the view of an Edo-period scholar of the Man'yōshū and other waka poetry

Derived terms[edit]

上 (かみつ)毛 (け)野 (ぬ) (Kamitsukenu)
上 (しもつ)毛 (け)野 (ぬ) (Shimotsukenu)

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
野
や Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 野 (MC jia^X).

Noun[edit]

野 (hiragana や, rōmaji ya)

an area, field
Synonyms: 野原 (nohara), 野っ原 (noppara), 野良 (nora)
a private or civil matter
Synonym: 民間 (minkan)

Idioms[edit]

野 (や)に遺 (い)賢 (けん)無 (な)し (ya ni iken nashi)
野 (や)に下 (くだ)る (ya ni kudaru)

Adjectival noun[edit]

野 (-nari inflection, hiragana や, rōmaji ya)

(archaic) rustic, unsophisticated

References[edit]

^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

野 (eum 야 (ya))

Hanja form^? of 야 (“wild; savage; untamed”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

재야 (在野, jaeya)
야채 (野菜, yachae)
야구 (野球, yagu)
야인 (野人, yain)
야만 (野蠻, yaman)
야성 (野性, yaseong)

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

野: Hán Việt readings: dã (以(dĩ)者(giả)切(thiết))^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]
野: Nôm readings: dã^[2]^[4]^[6], nhả^[1]^[2], rã^[1]

Hán tự form of dã (“wild; savage”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[tdcndg-2] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-3] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-4] Trần (2004).

[bonet-5] 4.0 ^4.1 Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-6] Génibrel (1898).

[taberd-7] Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[1]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

野

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Prefix[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Idioms[edit]

Proverbs[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Noun[edit]

Idioms[edit]

Adjectival noun[edit]

References[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

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