野
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See also: 埜
Translingual[edit]
Han character[edit]
野 (radical 166 里+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田土弓戈弓 (WGNIN), four-corner 67122, composition ⿰里予)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 1291, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40133
- Dae Jaweon: page 1793, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3683, character 1
- Unihan data for U+91CE
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
野 | |
|---|---|---|
| alt. forms | ||
Glyph origin[edit]
| Characters in the same phonetic series (予) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 野 | *laːʔ, *ɦljaʔ |
| 壄 | *laːʔ |
| 序 | *ljaʔ |
| 抒 | *ljaʔ, *hlja, *ɦljaʔ |
| 芧 | *l'aʔ |
| 杼 | *l'aʔ, *ɦljaʔ |
| 墅 | *ɦljaːʔ |
| 舒 | *hlja |
| 紓 | *hlja, *ɦljaʔ |
| 妤 | *la |
| 伃 | *la |
| 予 | *la, *laʔ |
| 預 | *las |
| 忬 | *las |
| 豫 | *las |
| 蕷 | *las |
| 澦 | *las |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *laːʔ, *ɦljaʔ): semantic 田 (“field”) + semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 予 (OC *la, *laʔ).
Etymology[edit]
Various etymologies have been proposed:
- From a hypothetical common Sino-Tibetan *la (“area far from settlements; wilderness”): compare Tibetan ལ (la, “mountain pass; hillside; mountain slope”) (Schuessler, 2007);
- Related to Proto-Mon-Khmer *laʔ (“to spread, extend”): compare Khmer លា (léa, “to unfold, spread, open out”) (Schuessler, 2007);
- From a Sino-Tibetan root meaning “hut; pantry”: compare Tibetan ལྷས (lhas, “pen; fold; cattle enclosure”) (Starostin).
Pronunciation 1[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): je5
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yâ
- Min Dong (BUC): iā
- Min Nan (POJ): iá
- Wu (Wiktionary): hhia (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˇ
- Wade-Giles: yeh3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiee
- IPA (key): /i̯ɛ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: je5
- Yale: yéh
- Cantonese Pinyin: je5
- Guangdong Romanization: yé5
- IPA (key): /jɛː¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yâ
- Hakka Romanization System: ia´
- Hagfa Pinyim: ya1
- IPA: /i̯a²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yâ
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)ia´
- Hagfa Pinyim: ya1
- IPA: /(j)i̯a²⁴/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: iā
- IPA (key): /ia³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: hhia (T3)
- IPA (key): /ɦia̱²³/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 野 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /iɛ²¹⁴/ |
| Harbin | /iɛ²¹³/ | |
| Tianjin | /ie¹³/ | |
| Jinan | /iə⁵⁵/ | |
| Qingdao | /iə⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /iɛ⁵³/ | |
| Xi'an | /iɛ⁵³/ | |
| Xining | /i⁵³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ie⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /iə⁴⁴²/ | |
| Ürümqi | /iɤ⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /ie⁴²/ | |
| Chengdu | /ie⁵³/ | |
| Guiyang | /ie⁴²/ | |
| Kunming | /iɛ⁵³/ | |
| Nanjing | /ie²¹²/ | |
| Hefei | /i²⁴/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ie⁵³/ |
| Pingyao | /ie̞⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /ie⁵³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦia²³/ |
| Suzhou | /ɦiɑ³¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ʔie̞⁵³/ /ʔi⁵³/ |
|
| Wenzhou | /i³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ie³⁵/ /ia³⁵/ |
| Tunxi | /ia²⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ie⁴¹/ /ia⁴¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /iɒ⁴²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /iɑ²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ia⁴⁴/ /ia³¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /ʒɑ²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jɛ²³/ |
| Nanning | /jɛ²⁴/ | |
| Hong Kong | /jɛ¹³/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /ia⁵³/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /ia³²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /ia²¹/ /ia⁴²/ |
|
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /ia⁵³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /ze²¹³/ /ia²¹³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 野 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (100) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 羊者切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/jiaX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/jiaX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/iaX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/jiaX/ |
| Li Rong |
/iaX/ |
| Wang Li |
/jĭaX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/i̯aX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yě |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 野 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
yě |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ yæX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*lAʔ/ |
| English | open country |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 野 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 15722 |
| Phonetic component |
予 |
| Rime group |
魚 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
野 |
| Old Chinese |
/*laːʔ/ |
Definitions[edit]
野
- countryside; field; outskirts; wilderness
- plain; open country; open space
- area; region; boundary
- (among) the people; not in power; out of office
- unadorned; unaffected; simple; plain
- wild; not domesticated; stray
- feral; untamed; unrestrained
- rough; coarse; violent; boorish; rude
- unofficial; informal; illegal
- (literary or Min Dong, Xiamen and Quanzhou Min Nan) very; quite
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 野
Pronunciation 2[edit]
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˋ
- Wade-Giles: shu4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuh
- IPA (key): /ʂu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: seoi5, seoi6
- Yale: séuih, seuih
- Cantonese Pinyin: soey5, soey6
- Guangdong Romanization: sêu5, sêu6
- IPA (key): /sɵy̯¹³/, /sɵy̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 野 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 承與切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/d͡ʑɨʌX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/d͡ʑiɔX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/d͡ʑiɔX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/d͡ʑɨə̆X/ |
| Li Rong |
/ʑiɔX/ |
| Wang Li |
/ʑĭoX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʑi̯woX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
shù |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 野 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 15729 |
| Phonetic component |
予 |
| Rime group |
魚 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
野 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɦljaʔ/ |
Definitions[edit]
野
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
野
Readings[edit]
Noun[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 野 |
| の Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
Prefix[edit]
Compounds[edit]
- 野外 (yagai, “outdoor”)
- 野狐 (yako, “wild fox”)
- 野蛮 (yaban, “savage”)
- 野党 (yatō, “opposition party”)
- 野良猫 (noraneko, “stray cat; alley cat”)
- 野良犬 (norainu, “stray dog”)
- 野宿 (nojuku)
- 原野 (gen'ya)
- 平野 (heiya, “plain”)
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
野 • (ya) (hangeul 야, McCune-Reischauer ya, Yale ya)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
野 (dã)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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- Japanese terms spelled with 野 read as の
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