unfold

English

Etymology

From Middle English unfolden, from Old English unfealdan (“to unfold”), equivalent to un- +‎ fold.

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ʌnˈfoʊld/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ʌnˈfəʊld/

• Audio (Southern England)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -əʊld

Verb

unfold (third-person singular simple present unfolds, present participle unfolding, simple past and past participle unfolded)

1. (transitive) To undo a folding.

   to unfold a map; to unfold a tablecloth; She unpacks the new dress and unfolds it carefully.

   • [1633], George Herbert, edited by [Nicholas Ferrar], The Temple: Sacred Poems, and Private Ejaculations, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] Thomas Buck and Roger Daniel; and are to be sold by Francis Green, […], →OCLC; reprinted London: Elliot Stock, […], 1885, →OCLC:

     Unfold thy forehead gathered into frowns.

   • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 19, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

     Meanwhile Nanny Broome was recovering from her initial panic and seemed anxious to make up for any kudos she might have lost, by exerting her personality to the utmost. She took the policeman's helmet and placed it on a chair, and unfolded his tunic to shake it and fold it up again for him.

2. (intransitive) To become unfolded.

   The curtains unfolded to reveal the stage.

3. (intransitive) To turn out; to happen; to develop.

   Events unfolded in an unexpected way.

   • 2012 November 8, Scott Tobias, “Memento’s puzzle structure hides big twists and bigger profundities”, in The AV Club‎^[1]:

     Memento unfolds over 22 scenes—or, more accurately, 22 strands of time, the main strand (in color) moving backward in increments, and another strand (in black and white) going forward, though the two overlap profoundly.

4. (transitive) To lay open to view or contemplation; to bring out in all the details, or by successive development; to reveal.

   to unfold one's designs;  to unfold the principles of a science

   • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v]:

     Pity me not, but lend thy serious hearing  To what I shall unfold.

   • c. 1601–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv]:

     Unfold the passion of my love.

5. (transitive) To release from a fold or pen.

   to unfold sheep

Synonyms

• (to reveal): expose, uncover; see also Thesaurus:reveal

Antonyms

• fold

Translations

To undo a folding

• Bulgarian: развивам (bg) (razvivam), разгъвам (bg) (razgǎvam)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 展開／展开 (zh) (zhǎnkāi)

• Czech: rozprostřít (se)
• Danish: folde ud
• Dutch: openvouwen (nl), uitspreiden (nl)
• Finnish: levittää (fi)
• French: déplier (fr), dérouler (fr)
• Galician: estender (gl)
• German: entfalten (de), ausbreiten (de)
• Japanese: 広げる (ja) (ひろげる, hirogeru)
• Korean: 펴다 (ko) (pyeoda)
• Latin: explicō
• Maori: māroha
• Portuguese: desdobrar (pt)
• Romanian: desfășura (ro)
• Russian: развора́чивать (ru) impf (razvoráčivatʹ), развёртывать (ru) impf (razvjórtyvatʹ), разверну́ть (ru) pf (razvernútʹ); раскла́дывать (ru) impf (raskládyvatʹ), разложи́ть (ru) pf (razložítʹ)
• Spanish: desplegar (es)
• Swedish: vika upp
• Telugu: మడత తీయు (maḍata tīyu), మడత విప్పు (maḍata vippu)
• Ukrainian: розгорта́ти impf (rozhortáty), розгорну́ти pf (rozhornúty), розклада́ти impf (rozkladáty), розкла́сти pf (rozklásty)
• Venetian: destirar

To become unfolded

• Ukrainian: розгорта́тися impf (rozhortátysja), розгорну́тися pf (rozhornútysja)

To turn out; to happen; to develop

• Bulgarian: развивам се (razvivam se)
• Czech: vyvinout se
• Dutch: ontvouwen (nl), ontwikkelen (nl)
• Finnish: tapahtua (fi)
• French: dérouler (fr)
• German: sich entfalten (de), sich entwickeln (de)
• Romanian: desfășura (ro)
• Russian: развора́чиваться (ru) impf (razvoráčivatʹsja), разверну́ться (ru) pf (razvernútʹsja)
• Ukrainian: розгорта́тися impf (rozhortátysja), розгорну́тися pf (rozhornútysja)

To reveal

• Bulgarian: разкривам (bg) (razkrivam)
• Dutch: onthullen (nl)
• Finnish: paljastaa (fi)
• German: offenlegen (de), enthüllen (de)
• Swedish: avslöja (sv)
• Venetian: pandar

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Dutch: ^{(please verify)} ontvouwen (nl), ^{(please verify)} open vouwen
• French: ^{(please verify)} dérouler (fr), ^{(please verify)} déplier (fr)

Noun

unfold (plural unfolds)

1. (computing, programming) In functional programming, a kind of higher-order function that is the opposite of a fold.