刮

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See also: 颳
刮 U+522E, 刮
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-522E
← 刭
[U+522D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 刯 →
[U+522F]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

刮 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹口中弓 (HRLN), four-corner 22600, composition ⿰舌刂)

Derived characters[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 138, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1943
  • Dae Jaweon: page 314, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 335, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+522E

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (桰) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
咶 *qʰroːds, *qʰroːds, *ɡroːd
話 *ɡroːds
刮 *kroːd
鴰 *kroːd, *koːd
趏 *kroːd, *kʰroːd
舌 *ɡroːd, *ɦbljed
姡 *ɡroːd, *ɡoːd
頢 *ɡroːd, *koːd
括 *koːd
活 *koːd, *ɡoːd
适 *koːd, *kʰoːd
栝 *koːd, *l̥ʰeːmʔ
佸 *koːd, *ɡoːd
髺 *koːd
聒 *koːd
銛 *koːd, *slem, *l̥ʰeːmʔ
葀 *koːd
懖 *koːd
筈 *koːd, *kʰoːd
萿 *koːd
蛞 *kʰoːd
闊 *kʰoːd
秳 *ɡoːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːd) : phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) + semantic 刀 (“knife”).

Etymology 1[edit]

simp. and trad.
 刮
alternative forms 𠜜
劀

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • koat - literary;
  • koah - vernacular;
  • kuih/koeh - vernacular (俗);
  • khe/khoe - 磎 is used in the Mainland.
Note:
  • guah4 - equivalent to 颳;
  • huah4 - dialectal ("to sharpen").
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 刮
Mandarin Beijing /kua⁵⁵/
Harbin /kua²¹³/ ～風
/kʰua⁴⁴/ ～鬍子
Tianjin /kuɑ¹³/
Jinan /kua²¹³/
/kʰua²¹³/ ～臉
Qingdao /kua⁵⁵/ ～風
/kʰua⁵⁵/ ～臉
Zhengzhou /kua²⁴/
Xi'an /kua²¹/
Xining /kua⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kua¹³/
Lanzhou /kua¹³/
Ürümqi /kua²¹³/
Wuhan /kua²¹³/
Chengdu /kua³¹/
Guiyang /kua²¹/
Kunming /kua̠³¹/
Nanjing /kuɑʔ⁵/
Hefei /kuɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /kuaʔ²/
Pingyao /kuʌʔ¹³/ ～風
/kuɑ¹³/ ～鬍子
Hohhot /kuaʔ⁴³/ ～風
/kua³¹/ 耳～子
Wu Shanghai /kuaʔ⁵/
Suzhou /kuaʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /kuɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /ko²¹³/
Hui Shexian /kuaʔ²¹/
Tunxi /kuːə⁵/
Xiang Changsha /kua²⁴/
Xiangtan /kuɒ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /kuaʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kuat̚¹/
Taoyuan /kuɑt̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kwat̚³/
Nanning /kʷat̚³³/
Hong Kong /kwat̚³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kuat̚³²/
/kuaʔ³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kuɑʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kua²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kuaʔ²/
/kueʔ²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kuak̚⁵/
Rime
Character 刮
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 刪 (72)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古䫄切
Baxter kwaet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kˠuat̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʷᵚat̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kuɐt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kwaɨt̚/
Li
Rong 		/kuat̚/
Wang
Li 		/kwat̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kwăt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gua
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gwaat3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 刮
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		guā
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kwæt ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[kʷˁ]r[a]t/
English scrape (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 刮
Reading # 1/1
No. 7559
Phonetic
component 		桰
Rime
group 		月
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		刮
Old
Chinese 		/*kroːd/

Definitions[edit]

刮

  1. to shave; to pare off; to scrape
    唔小心畀啲嘢刮嚫 [Cantonese, trad.]
    唔小心畀啲嘢刮𰈍 [Cantonese, simp.]
    m4 siu2 sam1 bei2 di1 je5 gwaat3 can1 [Jyutping]
    to accidentally scrape oneself on something
  2. Alternative form of 颳／刮 (guā, “to blow”)
  3. to wipe; to sweep
  4. to plunder; to extort
  5. (colloquial) to reprimand; to scold
  6. (Cantonese, slang) to find someone
    快啲去刮佢出嚟啦！ [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    faai3 di1 heoi3 gwaat3 keoi5 ceot1 lei4 laa1! [Jyutping]
    Hurry up and go look for him!

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • → Thai: กวาด (gwàat)

Etymology 2[edit]

simp. and trad.
 刮

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

刮

  1. (Hakka) very
    刮唔好意思 [Meixian Hakka]  ―  guad6 m2 hau3 yi4 si1 [Hakka Transliteration Scheme]  ―  very embarrassed

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 很 (“very”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 甚, 孔
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 很, 非常, 十分
Mandarin Beijing 挺, 很, 倍兒, 怪
Taiwan 很, 好, 非常, 超, 蠻, 超級
Tianjin 挺, 很, 傻, 老, 倍兒, 齁兒
Jinan 挺, 楞
Xi'an 很
Wuhan 蠻, 很
Chengdu 很, 好
Chongqing 很
Yangzhou 蠻, 稀, 很
Hefei 很
Malaysia 很
Singapore 很, 蠻, 非常
Cantonese Guangzhou 好, 非常之
Hong Kong 好, 非常, 非常之, 超, 勁, 十分之
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 好
Taishan 好, 十分之
Yangjiang 好
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 好
Singapore (Guangfu) 好, 非常之, 非常
Gan Nanchang 蠻
Hakka Meixian 好, 刮, 已, 還, 異, 還 exclamation
Huidong (Daling) 好
Wuhua (Meilin) 好
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 頂
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 好
Changting 野
Wuping (Pingyu) 已, 刮
Liancheng 樣
Ninghua 好
Ruijin 蠻
Shicheng 蠻
Shangyou (Shexi) 蠻
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 當, 已, 還
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 蓋, 盡, 還
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 當, 盡, 已, 還
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 當, 已, 還
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 當, 已, 還
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 足, 真, 實在
Hong Kong 好
Sabah (Bao'an) 好
Kuching (Hepo) 很
Singapore (Dabu) 好
Jin Taiyuan 很, 挺
Northern Min Jian'ou 盡
Eastern Min Fuzhou 野, 真
Singapore (Fuqing) 真
Sitiawan (Gutian) 真
Southern Min Xiamen 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 非常, 真正, 設汰
Xiamen (Tong'an) 真
Quanzhou 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 設汰
Jinjiang 野
Zhangzhou 盡, 蓋, 足, 足範, 有夠, 出奇, 極死, 見死, 死了了, 死人, 設汰, 設汰仔
Zhao'an 很, 真, 死絕, 好, 非常
Dongshan 真, 非常
Taipei 真, 誠
New Taipei (Sanxia) 真, 誠
Kaohsiung 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
Yilan 有夠, 足, 誠, 盡
Changhua (Lukang) 真, 誠
Taichung 誠, 蓋, 足
Tainan 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
Hsinchu 真, 誠
Kinmen 足, 誠
Penghu (Magong) 真, 誠
Penang (Hokkien) 真, 誠, 真正
Singapore (Hokkien) 真, 死爸, 真正, 誠, 足, 有夠
Manila (Hokkien) 野, 真, 萬代, 真誠, 誠, 有夠
Chaozhou 過, 好, 非常, 死爸
Shantou 過, 鐵, 好, 很, 死爸, 死絕
Shantou (Chenghai) 好, 死絕
Shantou (Chaoyang) 好, 非常
Jieyang 過, 好, 死爸, 死絕
Bangkok (Teochew) 好
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 好
Singapore (Teochew) 真, 死爸, 非常
Wenchang 極, 但顧, 真
Haikou 但顧
Qionghai 但顧, 真
Singapore (Hainanese) 但顧, 真
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 好, 蠻
Wu Shanghai 蠻, 老, 邪氣, 老老, 瞎, 絕, 十分, 十二萬分, 非常, 非常之, 畢, 畢畢, 來得, 來得個, 煞, 交關, 十二分 rare, 窮 dated, 野 dated, 邪 dated
Suzhou 蠻, 窮
Hangzhou 蠻, 交關, 木佬佬, 冒
Ningbo 交關, 蠻, 堪, 𣍐好, 𣍐派, 甮派, 出格, 木牢牢 rare, 猛 rare
Zhoushan 交關, 蠻, 猛, 堪, 出格, 木牢牢 rare
Wenzhou 蠻, 蒙, 顯
Xiang Changsha 很, 蠻
Shuangfeng 蠻

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

刮

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 刮 (MC kwaet).

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

刮 (eumhun 깎을 괄 (kkakkeul gwal))

  1. Hanja form? of 괄 (“to cut; to shave; to peel”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Han character[edit]

刮: Hán Việt readings: quát[2][1][3]
刮: Nôm readings: quát[1][3][4]

  1. chữ Hán form of quát (“to scrape off; to pare; to make thin”).
  2. Nôm form of quát (“to shout; to storm; to yell”).

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Bonet (1899).
  2. ^ Trần (2004).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Génibrel (1898).
  4. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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