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舌

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 吉, 告, and 吿
舌 U+820C, 舌
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-820C
← 舋
[U+820B]
CJK Unified Ideographs 舍 →
[U+820D]

⾆ U+2F86, ⾆
KANGXI RADICAL TONGUE
← ⾅
[U+2F85]
Kangxi Radicals ⾇ →
[U+2F87]

Translingual

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Stroke order
6 strokes
Stroke order

Alternative forms

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Han character

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舌 (Kangxi radical 135, 舌+0, 6 strokes, Cangjie input 竹十口 (HJR) or 一十口 (MJR), four-corner 20604, composition ⿱千口(GJKV) or ⿱干口(HT))

  1. Kangxi radical #135, ⾆.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical number 46.

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1006, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30277
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1463, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2941, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+820C

Chinese

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trad. 舌
simp. # 舌

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 舌
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – a snake's tongue emerging upwards from a mouth (口).

Evolution:

  • Oracle bone script: Originally a mouth + a forked snake tongue. Later variants added a horizontal stroke at the base to indicate location, which often evolved into a second fork (double-forked).
  • Bronze script (Late Shang / Early Western Zhou): Standardized with four dots symmetrically placed between the double forks and the mouth.
  • Later: The dots disappeared, simplifying into the modern form.

Compare 舌 (OC *m-lat) and 蛇 (OC *m-laj, “snake”). See also 言, 音 and 告. Unrelated to 舍, in which it represents a hut.

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/m-l(j)a-t (“tongue”); compare Western Magar मेलेट (melet, “tongue”), Jingpho shinglet (“tongue”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2009). The reconstruction of a complex initial *m(ə)-l- in Old Chinese is based on evidence from the softened initial in Proto-Min as well as Proto-Hmong-Mien *mblet (“tongue”) (Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

Alternatively, Schuessler (2007), reconstructing the Old Chinese minimally as *m-lat, derives it from 舐 (OC *m-leʔ, “to lick”) + *-t (“nominal suffix for natural objects”), literally “licker”.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • chi̍h - vernacular;
  • sia̍t - literary.

Rime
Character 舌
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 船 (27)
Final (韻) 薛 (81)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 食列切
Baxter zyet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʑiᴇt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʑiɛt̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʑjæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʑiat̚/
Li
Rong
/d͡ʑiɛt̚/
Wang
Li
/d͡ʑĭɛt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/d͡ʑʰi̯ɛt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shé
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sit6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 舌
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shé
Middle
Chinese
‹ zyet ›
Old
Chinese
/*mə.lat/
English tongue

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 舌
Reading # 2/2
No. 11220
Phonetic
component
舌
Rime
group
月
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
舌
Old
Chinese
/*ɦbljed/

Definitions

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舌

  1. (anatomy) tongue
  2. tongue-shaped object
  3. clapper of a bell
  4. (Hokkien, figurative) speech; speaking (used in certain expressions)
  5. a surname
Synonyms
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Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Proto-Hmong-Mien: *mblet

Etymology 2

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Glyph origin

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Definitions

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For pronunciation and definitions of 舌 – see 𠯑 (“to block the mouth”).
(This character is a variant form of 𠯑).

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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舌

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. tongue
  2. reed of a woodwind (musical instrument)
  3. clapper of a bell

Readings

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  • Go-on: ぜち (zechi)、ぜつ (zetsu, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: せつ (setsu)
  • Kun: した (shita, 舌, Jōyō)

Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
舌
した
Grade: 6
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *sita.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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舌(した) • (shita) 

  1. tongue
    Synonym: べろ (bero)

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 舌 (MC zyet).

Recorded as Middle Korean 쎠ᇙ〮 (Yale: ssyelq) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Recorded as Middle Korean 설 (sel) (Yale: sel) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

舌 (eumhun 혀 설 (hyeo seol))

  1. hanja form? of 설 (“tongue”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]

Kunigami

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Kanji

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舌

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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舌(しちゃー) (shichā) 

  1. tongue

Miyako

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Kanji

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舌

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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舌(すだ) (suda) 

  1. tongue

Okinawan

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Kanji

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舌

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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舌(しちゃ) (shicha) 

  1. tongue

Vietnamese

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Han character

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舌: Hán Việt readings: thiệt[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
舌: Nôm readings: thiệt[1][2][4][6][7][8], thịt[1][2][3], thượt[8]

  1. chữ Nôm form of thiệt (“to suffer one's loss”)
  2. chữ Nôm form of thịt (“flesh; meat”)
    • 12th or 15th century, 佛說大報父母恩重經 [Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh]‎[4], page 29b:
      車列分索,𦛌胣昌舌吕涅珊索。
      Xe sắt phân tách, ruột dạ xương thịt rữa nát tan tác.
      The iron cart tore [their bodies] apart, [leaving their] guts, bones, and flesh rotting and scattered.

Compounds

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References

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Yaeyama

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Kanji

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舌

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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舌(しぃたー) (sïtā) 

  1. tongue

Yonaguni

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Kanji

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舌

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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舌(った) (tta) 

  1. tongue