栝

See also: 檜

栝 U+681D, 栝 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-681D ← 栜 [U+681C] CJK Unified Ideographs 栞 → [U+681E]

Translingual

Han character

栝 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 木竹十口 (DHJR), four-corner 4296₄, composition ⿰木舌)

1. a builder's frame for measuring

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 522, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14706
• Dae Jaweon: page 910, character 21
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1200, character 3
• Unihan data for U+681D

Chinese

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		栝
alternative forms		桰

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (桰) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
咶	*qʰroːds, *qʰroːds, *ɡroːd
話	*ɡroːds
刮	*kroːd
鴰	*kroːd, *koːd
趏	*kroːd, *kʰroːd
舌	*ɡroːd, *ɦbljed
姡	*ɡroːd, *ɡoːd
頢	*ɡroːd, *koːd
括	*koːd
活	*koːd, *ɡoːd
适	*koːd, *kʰoːd
栝	*koːd, *l̥ʰeːmʔ
佸	*koːd, *ɡoːd
髺	*koːd
聒	*koːd
銛	*koːd, *slem, *l̥ʰeːmʔ
葀	*koːd
懖	*koːd
筈	*koːd, *kʰoːd
萿	*koːd
蛞	*kʰoːd
闊	*kʰoːd
秳	*ɡoːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *koːd, *l̥ʰeːmʔ): semantic 木 (“tree; wood”) + phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kuò, guā (kuo⁴, gua¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄛˋ, ㄍㄨㄚ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kut³ / gwaa¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kuò
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kuò
    • Wade–Giles: kʻuo⁴
    • Yale: kwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuoh
    • Palladius: ко (ko)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guā
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gua
    • Wade–Giles: kua¹
    • Yale: gwā
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gua
    • Palladius: гуа (gua)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯ä⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kut³ / gwaa¹
    • Yale: kut / gwā
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kut⁸ / gwaa¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: kud³ / gua¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuːt̚³/, /kʷaː⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: kwat

Rime
Character	栝
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	末 (64)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古活切
Baxter	kwat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuɑt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷɑt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwat̚/
Li Rong	/kuɑt̚/
Wang Li	/kuɑt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kuɑt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gut3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*koːd/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	栝
Reading #	1/2
No.	7570
Phonetic component	桰
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	括
Old Chinese	/*koːd/
Notes	說文作桰，羅振玉郭沫若雲氒爲矢桰初文， 金文方或増口

Definitions

栝

1. synonym of 檜 / 桧 (“Chinese juniper”)
2. rear end of an arrow; nock

   alt. forms: 筈

3. tool for straightening wood
4. used in 栝樓／栝楼 (guālóu)

Compounds

• 栝樓 / 栝楼 (guālóu)
• 栝矢亞 / 栝矢亚
• 機栝 / 机栝
• 檃栝
• 檼栝
• 櫽栝 / 𬄩栝

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		栝
alternative forms		㮇 𣕊 𣐸

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (甜) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
銛	*koːd, *slem, *l̥ʰeːmʔ
栝	*koːd, *l̥ʰeːmʔ
餂	*l̥ʰeːmʔ
恬	*l'eːm
湉	*l'eːm
甜	*l'iːm
狧	*l̥ʰaːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *koːd, *l̥ʰeːmʔ): semantic 木 (“tree; wood”) + abbreviated phonetic 甜 (OC *l'iːm).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tiǎn, tiàn (tian³, tian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢˇ, ㄊㄧㄢˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tiǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tiǎn
    • Wade–Giles: tʻien³
    • Yale: tyǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tean
    • Palladius: тянь (tjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tiàn
    • Wade–Giles: tʻien⁴
    • Yale: tyàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tiann
    • Palladius: тянь (tjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: themX

Rime
Character	栝
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	添 (157)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	他玷切
Baxter	themX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰemX/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰemX/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɛmX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰɛmX/
Li Rong	/tʰemX/
Wang Li	/tʰiemX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tʰiemX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tiǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tim2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰeːmʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	栝
Reading #	2/2
No.	12403
Phonetic component	甜
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	忝
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰeːmʔ/
Notes	說文舌聲

Definitions

栝

1. (obsolete) wooden stick; poker

Japanese

Kanji

栝

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. builder's frame for measuring

Readings

• On (unclassified): てん (ten)、かつ (katsu)、かち (kachi)
• Kun: たきぎ (takigi)

Korean

Hanja

栝 • (gwal) (hangeul 괄, revised gwal, McCune–Reischauer kwal, Yale kwal)

1. an aged [old] pine tree
2. firewood