郭

郭 U+90ED, 郭 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-90ED ← 郬 [U+90EC] CJK Unified Ideographs 郮 → [U+90EE]

Translingual

Han character

郭 (Kangxi radical 163, 邑+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜木弓中 (YDNL), four-corner 0742₇, composition ⿰享⻏)

References

• KangXi: page 1273, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39474
• Dae Jaweon: page 1771, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3780, character 7
• Unihan data for U+90ED

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		郭
alternative forms		𨟍 𩫩 𩫏

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 郭
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (郭) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
郭	*kʷaːɡ
埻	*tjunʔ, *kʷaːɡ, *kʷreːɡ
崞	*kʷaːɡ
椁	*kʷaːɡ
槨	*kʷaːɡ
噋	*tʰuːn, *kʰʷaːɡ
廓	*kʰʷaːɡ
鞹	*kʰʷaːɡ
漷	*kʰʷaːɡ, *qʰʷraːɡ
霩	*qʰʷaːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 享 (“tall building”) + 邑 (“city”) – a city with tall buildings.

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): guō (guo¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄛ

  (Chengdu, SP): gue²

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): gwok³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): kok¹

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kok

  (Meixian, Guangdong): guog⁵

• Min Bei (KCR): guă
• Min Dong (BUC): guóh / guók
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): keh / kerh / koeh / kok

  (Teochew, Peng'im): guêh⁴

• Wu (Wiktionary): koq (T4)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: guō
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guo
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guo
    • Wade–Giles: kuo1
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kwɔ⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: gue²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gue
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuɛ²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gwok³
    • Yale: gwok
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwok⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: guog³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɔːk̚³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: kok¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɔk̚³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kok
    • Hakka Romanization System: gog`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gog⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /kok̚²/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: guog⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /kuɔk̚¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: guă
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kua²⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: guóh / guók
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuɔʔ²⁴/, /kuɔʔ²⁴/

Note:

• guóh - vernacular (incl. surname);
• guók - literary.

Min Nan

• (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Hsinchu, Magong)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keh
  • Tâi-lô: keh
  • Phofsit Daibuun: keq
  • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /keʔ³²/
• (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Hsinchu, Kinmen)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kerh
  • Tâi-lô: kerh
  • IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /kəʔ⁵/
  • IPA (Kinmen): /kəʔ³²/
• (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koeh
  • Tâi-lô: kueh
  • Phofsit Daibuun: koeq
  • IPA (Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan): /kueʔ³²/
  • IPA (Yilan): /kueʔ²/
• (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kok
  • Tâi-lô: kok
  • Phofsit Daibuun: kog
  • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔk̚⁵/
  • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔk̚³²/

Note:

• keh/kerh/koeh - vernacular (incl. surname);
• kok - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: guêh⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kueh
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kueʔ²/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: koq (T4)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊʔ⁵⁵/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 郭
Mandarin	Beijing	/kuo⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/kuo⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/kuo²¹/
	Jinan	/kuə²¹³/
	Qingdao	/kuə⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/kuo²⁴/
	Xi'an	/kuo²¹/
	Xining	/ku⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/kuə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/kuə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/kuɤ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/kuo²¹³/
	Chengdu	/kue³¹/ /ko³¹/
	Guiyang	/ko²¹/
	Kunming	/ko³¹/
	Nanjing	/kueʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/kuɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kuəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/kuʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/kuəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/koʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/koʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/koʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/ko²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/kɔʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/ko⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/ko²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/ko²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/kuɔʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/kuok̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/kok̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kwɔk̚³/
	Nanning	/kʰɔk̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/kwɔk̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kɔk̚³²/ /keʔ³²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kuɔʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kua²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kueʔ²/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/kɔk̚⁵/ /kue⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /kwɑk̚/

Rime
Character	郭
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	鐸 (104)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古博切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kwɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwak̚/
Li Rong	/kuɑk̚/
Wang Li	/kuɑk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwok3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷˤak/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʷaːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	郭
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guō
Middle Chinese	‹ kwak ›
Old Chinese	/*kʷˁak/
English	outer wall
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	郭
Reading #	1/1
No.	4752
Phonetic component	郭
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	郭
Old Chinese	/*kʷaːɡ/

Definitions

郭

1. outer city wall
2. A surname​.

   郭守敬  ―  Guō Shǒujìng  ―  Guo Shoujing (Yuan dynasty Chinese astronomer)

Descendants

• → English: Guo, Kuo, Kwok, Kuok, Quek, Kuek, Kwek
• → Tagalog: Kwek, Que

Compounds

Derived terms from 郭

• 倚郭
• 傅郭
• 北郭
• 北郭先生
• 北郭十友
• 匡郭
• 南郭 (nánguō)
• 南郭先生
• 南郭子綦
• 南郭綦
• 南郭處士／南郭处士 (nánguō chǔshì)
• 吳郭魚／吴郭鱼 (wúguōyú)
• 周郭
• 四郭
• 坊郭
• 城郭 (chéngguō)
• 城郭國／城郭国
• 夏五郭公
• 外郭
• 女郭
• 尺郭
• 山郭
• 崖郭
• 巴音郭楞 (Bāyīnguōléng)
• 市郭
• 帶郭／带郭
• 廛郭
• 折巾郭
• 月郭
• 李郭
• 李郭仙
• 李郭仙舟
• 李郭同舟
• 李郭同船
• 李郭舟
• 村郭
• 東郭／东郭 (Dōngguō)
• 東郭之疇／东郭之畴
• 東郭之跡／东郭之迹
• 東郭先生／东郭先生 (dōng guō xiānshēng)
• 東郭履／东郭履
• 東郭逡／东郭逡
• 柳郭
• 棺郭
• 機郭／机郭
• 水郭

• 江郭
• 治郭安邦
• 溝郭／沟郭
• 溢郭
• 石郭
• 稜郭／棱郭
• 羅郭／罗郭
• 耳郭 (ěrguō)
• 膚郭／肤郭
• 西郭
• 許郭／许郭
• 謝郭／谢郭
• 負郭／负郭
• 負郭田／负郭田
• 負郭相君／负郭相君
• 賈郭／贾郭
• 赤郭
• 車側郭門／车侧郭门
• 輪郭／轮郭
• 迎郭伋
• 邊郭／边郭
• 邑郭
• 邯鄲郭公／邯郸郭公
• 郊郭
• 郛郭
• 郡郭
• 郭亮 (Guōliàng)
• 郭伋待期
• 郭公 (guōgōng)
• 郭公塼／郭公砖
• 郭公夏五
• 郭公真人
• 郭公磚／郭公砖
• 郭前 (Guōqián)
• 郭勒木德 (Guōlèmùdé)
• 郭圍／郭围
• 郭塹／郭堑
• 郭家 (Guōjiā)
• 郭家堡
• 郭家金穴
• 郭履
• 郭巨
• 郭巨埋兒／郭巨埋儿
• 郭巾
• 郭景飛仙／郭景飞仙

• 郭李
• 郭椒
• 郭汾陽／郭汾阳
• 郭河 (Guōhé)
• 郭況穴／郭况穴
• 郭泰巾
• 郭泰碑銘／郭泰碑铭
• 郭泰船
• 郭洛帶／郭洛带
• 郭璞之說／郭璞之说
• 郭申
• 郭碑
• 郭禿／郭秃
• 郭穴
• 郭索
• 郭細侯／郭细侯
• 郭舟
• 郭華情罪／郭华情罪
• 郭術／郭术
• 郭邑
• 郭郎
• 郭郎子
• 郭郛
• 郭里 (Guōlǐ)
• 郭門／郭门
• 郭隗宮／郭隗宫
• 郭隗尊
• 郭隗臺／郭隗台
• 郭隗請始／郭隗请始
• 郭隗金
• 郭雀兒／郭雀儿
• 郭順時／郭顺时
• 鄒郭／邹郭 (Zōuguō)
• 鄽郭
• 重來郭伋／重来郭伋
• 銅郭／铜郭
• 錫林郭勒／锡林郭勒 (Xīlínguōlè)
• 鐵郭金城／铁郭金城
• 鐵郭銅關／铁郭铜关
• 附郭
• 陰郭／阴郭
• 青郭
• 靖郭君
• 靖郭氏
• 靜郭君／静郭君

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Japanese

Kanji

郭

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. Quarter (of a city)
2. Enclosure

Readings

• Go-on: かく (kaku, Jōyō)^{←くわく (kwaku, historical)}
• Kan-on: かく (kaku, Jōyō)^{←くわく (kwaku, historical)}
• Kun: くるわ (kuruwa, 郭)

Compounds

• 外郭
• 郭大
• 輪郭

Etymology

Kanji in this term
郭
くるわ Grade: S
kun’yomi

Noun

郭(くるわ) • (kuruwa) 

1. Alternative spelling of 曲輪

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 郭 (MC kwɑk̚). Recorded as Middle Korean 곽〮 (kwák) (Yale: kwak) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

郭 (eumhun 둘레/성곽 곽 (dulle/seonggwak gwak))

1. Hanja form^? of 곽 (“outer city wall; girdle”).

   Synonym: 廓 (곽 (gwak))

2. Hanja form^? of 곽 (“a surname”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 성곽 (城郭/城廓, seonggwak, “castle walls”)
• 외곽 (外郭/外廓, oegwak, “outskirt”)
• 내곽 (內郭/內廓, naegwak, “interior”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

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Vietnamese

Han character

郭: Hán Việt readings: quách
郭: Nôm readings: quách, quắt

1. chữ Hán form of quách (“sarcophagus, outer coffin; outer wall, as of a city or fort; jar containing human remains for reburial”).
2. chữ Hán form of Quách (“a surname”).