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See also:
U+656C, 敬
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-656C

[U+656B]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+656D]
敬 U+2F8C9, 敬
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8C9
敏
[U+2F8C8]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𣀊
[U+2F8CA]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 66, +9 in traditional Chinese and Korean, 攴+8 in mainland China and Japanese, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 12 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿口人大 (TROK), four-corner 48640, composition (GJKV) or (HT))

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 473, character 35
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13285
  • Dae Jaweon: page 826, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1466, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+656C

Chinese[edit]

trad.
simp. #

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意): + , the left component represents a sitting dog, the right component represents authority.

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with (OC *kreŋ, “to be afraid; to scare”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.

Pronunciation[edit]



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (111)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter kjaengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kˠiæŋH/
Pan
Wuyun
/kᵚiaŋH/
Shao
Rongfen
/kiaŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kiajŋH/
Li
Rong
/kiɐŋH/
Wang
Li
/kĭɐŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ki̯ɐŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jìng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ging3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jìng
Middle
Chinese
‹ kjængH ›
Old
Chinese
/*kreŋ(ʔ)-s/
English respectful

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 6885
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kreŋs/
This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!
Particularly: “Toisanese Cantonese”

Definitions[edit]

  1. to respect; to honor
  2. to present; to offer (alcohol, food, cigarettes, tea, etc.)
  3. (literary, or in compounds) to concentrate completely on; to devote oneself to; to focus all of one's attention on
  4. (literary, or in compounds) respectful; deferential (Can we add an example for this sense?)
  5. a surname

Synonyms[edit]

  • (to respect):
  • (to concentrate completely on):
  • (respectful):

Antonyms[edit]

  • (to respect): ()

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Vietnamese: kính ()

Others:

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
けい
Grade: 6
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese (kjængH, respectful).

Pronunciation[edit]

Affix[edit]

(けい) (kei

  1. respect, honor, reverence
Usage notes[edit]

Used in kanji compounds. Not used in isolation except as a suru verb.[1][2] See 敬する.

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
うやまい
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 敬う (uyamau, to respect, to esteem).[1][2]

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

(うやまい) (uyamai

  1. respect, esteem
Usage notes[edit]

More commonly spelled as 敬い with the okurigana.

Etymology 3[edit]

Used as ateji in various names.

Proper noun[edit]

(たかし) (Takashi

  1. a male given name

References[edit]

  1. 1.0 1.1 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

(eumhun 공경할 (gonggyeonghal gyeong))

  1. Hanja form? of (respect, honor).
  2. Hanja form? of (respectfully).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

: Hán Việt readings: kính (()(khánh)(thiết))[1][2][3][4]
: Nôm readings: kính[1][2][4][5], kỉnh[2], kinh[6]

  1. chữ Hán form of kính (to respect).

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]