敬

Translingual

Etymology

Historical forms of the character 敬
Bronze inscriptions	Bamboo and silk script	Large seal script	Small seal script

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 茍 + 攵, logic unclear.

Han character

敬 (radical 66 攴+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿口人大 (TROK), four-corner 4864₀, composition ⿰苟攵)

1. respect, honor
2. respectfully

Derived characters

• 警 驚

Synonyms

• 尊

Antonyms

• 鄙

References

• KangXi: page 473, character 35
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13285
• Dae Jaweon: page 826, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1466, character 2
• Unihan data for U+656C

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		敬

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jìng (jing⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ging³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kin
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): kèng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gêng³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: jìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
    • Wade-Giles: ching⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ging³
    • Yale: ging
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ging³
    • IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kin
    • Hakka Romanization System: gin
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gin⁴
    • IPA: /kin⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
    • Tâi-lô: kìng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gêng³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kèng
    • IPA ^(key): /keŋ²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: /kˠiæŋ^H/▼

Rime
Character	敬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居慶切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiæŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiaŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/kiaŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiajŋH/
Li Rong	/kiɐŋH/
Wang Li	/kĭɐŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ɐŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*kreŋ(ʔ)-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kreŋs/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	敬
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjængH ›
Old Chinese	/*kreŋ(ʔ)-s/
English	respectful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	敬
Reading #	1/1
No.	6885
Phonetic component	敬
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	敬
Old Chinese	/*kreŋs/

Definitions

敬

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Japanese

Kanji

敬

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: きょう (kyō)
• Kan’on: けい (kei)
• Kun: うやま.う (敬う, uyama.u)
• Nanori: け (ke), たか (taka), たかし (takashi), たけ (take), とし (toshi), のり (nori), ひろ (noro), ゆき (yuki), よし (yoshi)

Compounds

Compounds

敬畏 (けいい) ‎(keii): reverence, holding in awe, fear 敬意 (けいい) ‎(keii): respect 敬愛 (けいあい) ‎(keiai): respect and affection 敬遠 (けいえん) ‎(keien): keeping at a distance 敬具 (けいぐ) ‎(keigu): a respectful closing statement 敬虔 (けいけん) ‎(keiken): pious 敬語 (けいご) ‎(keigo): honorifics 敬神 (けいしん) ‎(keishin): piety 敬称 (けいしょう) ‎(keishō): title of honor 敬体 (けいたい) ‎(keitai): distal style

敬白 (けいはく) ‎(keihaku): Yours Sincerely 敬服 (けいふく) ‎(keifuku): admiration 敬慕 (けいぼ) ‎(keibo): love and respect 敬礼 (けいれい) ‎(keirei): salute, bow 敬老 (けいろう) ‎(keirō): respect for elders 敬譲語 (けいじょうご) ‎(keijōgo): polite speech 敬天愛人 (けいてんあいじん) ‎(keiten aijin): "Revere heaven, love people." 失敬 (しっけい) ‎(shikkei): rude 尊敬 (そんけい) ‎(sonkei): respect Archaic 敬啓 (けいけい) ‎(keikei): salutation at end of formal letter 敬呈 (けいてい) ‎(keitei): salutation in a formal letter

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
敬
けい Grade: 6
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 敬 ‎(kjæng^H, “respectful”).

Pronunciation

• On'yomi: Kan'on
• IPA^(key): [ke̞ː]

Affix

敬 ‎(hiragana けい, romaji kei)

1. respect, honor, reverence

Usage notes

Used in kanji compounds. Not used in isolation except as a suru verb. See 敬する.

Derived terms

Derived terms

敬 (けい)する ‎(keisuru): to respect, to esteem

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
敬
うやまい Grade: 6
kun'yomi

The 連用形 ‎(ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 敬う ‎(uyamau, “to resepect, to esteem”).

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• IPA^(key): [ɯᵝja̠ma̠i]

Alternative forms

• 敬い

Noun

敬 ‎(hiragana うやまい, romaji uyamai)

1. respect, esteem

Usage notes

More commonly spelled as 敬い with the okurigana.

Etymology 3

Used as ateji in various names.

Proper noun

敬 ‎(hiragana たかし, romaji Takashi)

1. A male given name

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Korean

Hanja

敬 • ‎(gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune-Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

敬 (kính)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.