敬

敬 U+656C, 敬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-656C ← 敫 [U+656B] CJK Unified Ideographs 敭 → [U+656D]

敬 U+2F8C9, 敬 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8C9 ← 敏 [U+2F8C8] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𣀊 → [U+2F8CA]

See also: 茍

Translingual

Han character

敬 (radical 66 攴+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿口人大 (TROK), four-corner 4864₀, composition ⿰苟攵(GJKV) or ⿰茍攵(HT))

1. respect, honor
2. respectfully

Derived characters

• 警, 驚, 擎, 憼, 擏, 儆, 㯳, 璥, 曔, 檠, 蟼, 㢣, 䜘, 𠧂, 𢢩, 𤀂, 𫱻, 𢐧, 𩼃, 𫄿

References

• KangXi: page 473, character 35
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13285
• Dae Jaweon: page 826, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1466, character 2
• Unihan data for U+656C

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		敬

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 敬
Bronze inscriptions	Bamboo and silk script	Large seal script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (敬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
蟼	*kraː, *kreŋ, *kreŋʔ
憼	*kaŋʔ, *kreŋʔ
驚	*kreŋ
警	*kreŋʔ
儆	*kreŋʔ, *ɡreŋs
璥	*keŋʔ
檠	*kreŋʔ, *ɡreŋ, *ɡreŋs
敬	*kreŋs
擎	*ɡreŋ
曔	*ɡreŋs

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 茍 + 攵, logic unclear.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jìng (jing⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ging³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kin
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): kèng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gêng³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: jìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
    • Wade-Giles: ching⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ging³
    • Yale: ging
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ging³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ging³
    • IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kin
    • Hakka Romanization System: gin
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gin⁴
    • IPA: /kin⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
    • Tâi-lô: kìng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gêng³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kèng
    • IPA ^(key): /keŋ²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: /kˠiæŋ^H/▼

Rime
Character	敬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居慶切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiæŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiaŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/kiaŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiajŋH/
Li Rong	/kiɐŋH/
Wang Li	/kĭɐŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ɐŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*kreŋ(ʔ)-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kreŋs/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	敬
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjængH ›
Old Chinese	/*kreŋ(ʔ)-s/
English	respectful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	敬
Reading #	1/1
No.	6885
Phonetic component	敬
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	敬
Old Chinese	/*kreŋs/

Definitions

敬

1. to respect, honor

Synonyms

• 尊 (respect)

Antonyms

• 鄙 (scorn)

Compounds

Derived terms from 敬

• 主敬存誠／主敬存诚
• 可敬 (kějìng)
• 回敬 (huíjìng)
• 大不敬 (dàbùjìng)
• 失敬 (shījìng)
• 奠敬
• 奩敬／奁敬
• 孝敬 (xiàojìng)
• 尊敬 (zūnjìng)
• 屈尊敬賢／屈尊敬贤
• 崇敬 (chóngjìng)
• 廝抬廝敬／厮抬厮敬
• 廝敬廝愛／厮敬厮爱
• 彌敬／弥敬
• 忒敬思
• 忠敬
• 恭恭敬敬
• 恭敬 (gōngjìng)
• 慎始敬終／慎始敬终
• 憐貧敬老／怜贫敬老
• 敬上
• 敬上愛下／敬上爱下
• 敬之
• 敬事
• 敬事不暇
• 敬事房
• 敬亭山
• 敬仰 (jìngyǎng)
• 敬佩 (jìngpèi)
• 敬同
• 敬啟者／敬启者 (jìngqǐzhě)
• 敬天愛民／敬天爱民
• 敬奉 (jìngfèng)
• 敬姜猶績／敬姜犹绩
• 敬小慎微
• 敬心

• 敬思
• 敬悉
• 敬意 (jìngyì)
• 敬愛／敬爱 (jìng'ài)
• 敬慎
• 敬慕
• 敬懇者／敬恳者
• 敬懼／敬惧
• 敬授人時／敬授人时
• 敬時愛日／敬时爱日
• 敬服
• 敬業／敬业 (jìngyè)
• 敬業樂群／敬业乐群
• 敬業精神／敬业精神
• 敬畏 (jìngwèi)
• 敬祝
• 敬神
• 敬禮／敬礼 (jìnglǐ)
• 敬稟者／敬禀者
• 敬稱／敬称
• 敬老尊賢／敬老尊贤
• 敬老恤貧／敬老恤贫
• 敬老慈幼
• 敬老憐貧／敬老怜贫
• 敬老節／敬老节
• 敬老院 (jìnglǎoyuàn)
• 敬而遠之／敬而远之 (jìng'éryuǎnzhī)
• 敬肅者／敬肃者
• 敬若神明
• 敬虔主義／敬虔主义
• 敬詞／敬词 (jìngcí)
• 敬請／敬请
• 敬諾／敬诺
• 敬謝／敬谢
• 敬謝不敏／敬谢不敏

• 敬謹／敬谨
• 敬賢／敬贤 (jìngxián)
• 敬賢禮士／敬贤礼士 (jìngxián-lǐshì)
• 敬身
• 敬辭／敬辞 (jìngcí)
• 敬酒 (jìngjiǔ)
• 敬重 (jìngzhòng)
• 敬陪末坐
• 敬陪末座
• 敬頌／敬颂
• 最敬禮／最敬礼
• 梁敬帝
• 楮敬
• 欽敬／钦敬 (qīnjìng)
• 潔敬／洁敬
• 炭敬
• 無以為敬／无以为敬
• 用代楮敬
• 畢恭畢敬／毕恭毕敬 (bìgōngbìjìng)
• 相敬如賓／相敬如宾
• 程敬
• 節敬／节敬
• 肅然起敬／肃然起敬
• 脩敬
• 至敬無文／至敬无文
• 致敬 (zhìjìng)
• 茶敬
• 莊敬自強／庄敬自强
• 菲敬
• 虔敬 (qiánjìng)
• 誠心敬意／诚心敬意
• 誠敬／诚敬
• 贄敬／贽敬
• 起敬
• 輕財敬士／轻财敬士

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Japanese

Kanji

敬

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: きょう (kyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}
• Kan’on: けい (kei, Jōyō)
• Kun: うやまう (uyamau, 敬う, Jōyō)
• Nanori: け (ke); たか (taka); たかし (takashi); たけ (take); とし (toshi); のり (nori); ひろ (hiro); ゆき (yuki); よし (yoshi)

Compounds

Compounds

• 敬 (けい)畏 (い) (keii): reverence, holding in awe, fear
• 敬 (けい)意 (い) (keii): respect
• 敬愛 (けいあい) (keiai): respect and affection
• 敬 (けい)遠 (えん) (keien): keeping at a distance
• 敬 (けい)具 (ぐ) (keigu): a respectful closing statement
• 敬 (けい)虔 (けん) (keiken): pious
• 敬 (けい)語 (ご) (keigo): honorifics
• 敬 (けい)神 (しん) (keishin): piety
• 敬 (けい)称 (しょう) (keishō): title of honor
• 敬体 (けいたい) (keitai): distal style

• 敬白 (けいはく) (keihaku): Yours Sincerely
• 敬服 (けいふく) (keifuku): admiration
• 敬 (けい)慕 (ぼ) (keibo): love and respect
• 敬 (けい)礼 (れい) (keirei): salute, bow
• 敬 (けい)老 (ろう) (keirō): respect for elders
• 敬 (けい)譲 (じょう)語 (ご) (keijōgo): polite speech
• 敬天愛人 (けいてんあいじん) (keiten aijin): "Revere heaven, love people."
• 失 (しっ)敬 (けい) (shikkei): rude
• 尊 (そん)敬 (けい) (sonkei): respect

Archaic

• 敬 (けい)啓 (けい) (keikei): salutation at end of formal letter
• 敬 (けい)呈 (てい) (keitei): salutation in a formal letter

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
敬
けい Grade: 6
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 敬 (kjæng^H, “respectful”).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
  • IPA^(key): [ke̞ː]

Affix

敬 (hiragana けい, rōmaji kei)

1. respect, honor, reverence

Usage notes

Used in kanji compounds. Not used in isolation except as a suru verb. See 敬する.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 敬 (けい)する (keisuru): to respect, to esteem

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
敬
うやまい Grade: 6
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 敬う (uyamau, “to resepect, to esteem”).

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • IPA^(key): [ɯ̟ᵝja̠ma̠i]

Alternative forms

• 敬い

Noun

敬 (hiragana うやまい, rōmaji uyamai)

1. respect, esteem

Usage notes

More commonly spelled as 敬い with the okurigana.

Etymology 3

Used as ateji in various names.

Proper noun

敬 (hiragana たかし, rōmaji Takashi)

1. A male given name

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Korean

Hanja

敬 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune-Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)

1. respect, honor
2. respectfully

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Vietnamese

Han character

敬 (kính)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.