驚

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See also: 惊
驚 U+9A5A, 驚
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9A5A
← 驙
[U+9A59] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 驛 →
[U+9A5B]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

驚 (radical 187, 馬+12, 22 strokes, cangjie input 廿大尸手火 (TKSQF), four-corner 48327, composition ⿱敬馬)

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1446, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45013
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1970, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4576, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+9A5A

Chinese[edit]

trad. 驚
simp. 惊*

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 驚
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
驚-seal.svg 驚-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (敬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蟼 *kraː, *kreŋ, *kreŋʔ
憼 *kaŋʔ, *kreŋʔ
驚 *kreŋ
警 *kreŋʔ
儆 *kreŋʔ, *ɡreŋs
璥 *keŋʔ
檠 *kreŋʔ, *ɡreŋ, *ɡreŋs
敬 *kreŋs
擎 *ɡreŋ
曔 *ɡreŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kreŋ): phonetic 敬 (OC *kreŋs) + semantic 馬, as horses are skittish (easily startled).

Etymology[edit]

Compare Old Khmer kreṅa (“to fear”), whence Thai เกรง (greeng, “to fear; to worry”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Within Chinese, cognate with 敬 (OC *kreŋs, “to be respectful; to warn”), 警 (OC *kreŋʔ, “to warn; to be on one's guard”) (Schuessler, 2007). A possible vocalic variant is 兢 (jīng, “to be cautious”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • geng1 - vernacular;
  • ging1 - literary.
  • Hakka
  • Min Dong
    • Note:
    • giăng - vernacular;
    • gĭng - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • kiaⁿ - vernacular;
    • keⁿ/kiⁿ - vernacular (limited use, e.g. 驚蟄);
    • keng - literary.
  • Wu
    Rime
    Character 驚
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 庚 (111)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 舉卿切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kˠiæŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kᵚiaŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kiaŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kiajŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/kiɐŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/kĭɐŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ki̯ɐŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		jīng
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 驚
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		jīng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kjæng ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kreŋ/
    English be afraid

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 驚
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 6877
    Phonetic
    component         		敬
    Rime
    group         		耕
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		驚
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kreŋ/

    Definitions[edit]

    驚

    1. to fear; to be afraid
      驚咩啫？ / 惊咩啫？ [Cantonese]  ―  Geng1 me1 ze1? [Jyutping]  ―  What are you afraid of? What is there to be afraid of?
    2. (of a horse etc.) to be startled; to shy
    3. to frighten; to scare
    4. scary; frightening
    5. fearfully; I'm afraid that ...
    Synonyms[edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 害怕 (“to fear; to be afraid of”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 懼, 畏, 恐, 怯, 驚, 惶, 悚, 懾, 恇
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 害怕, 懼怕, 畏懼
    Mandarin Beijing 害怕
    Taiwan 害怕, 怕
    Harbin 害怕, 發毛
    Jinan 害怕, 怕, 打怵
    Muping 害怕, 怵
    Luoyang 害怕, 怕
    Wanrong 驚
    Xi'an 害怕, 怕, 怯火
    Xuzhou 嫌怕, 打怵
    Yinchuan 害怕, 嚇
    Lanzhou 害怕, 怯, 怯乎, 怯豁
    Ürümqi 害怕
    Wuhan 嚇不過, 怕
    Chengdu 害怕, 虛火, 虛
    Guiyang 害怕, 怕
    Liuzhou 慌
    Yangzhou 害怕, 怕, 怕懼, 懼乎
    Nanjing 嚇怕, 怕
    Hefei 怕
    Malaysia 怕
    Singapore 怕, 害怕
    Cantonese Guangzhou 驚, 怕, 慌, 窒
    Hong Kong 驚, 怕, 慌
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 狂
    Foshan 驚, 窒
    Shunde 慌
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 驚
    Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 驚
    Taishan 𢗉
    Kaiping (Chikan) 𢗉
    Dongguan 狂
    Shaoguan 驚, 窒
    Yunfu 怕, 驚
    Yangjiang 𢗉
    Xinyi 狂
    Lianjiang 驚
    Kuala Lumpur 驚, 怕
    Singapore 驚, 怕
    Gan Nanchang 怕
    Lichuan 怕
    Hakka Meixian 驚, 怕畏, 畏, 怕
    Changting 怕
    Wuping 怕
    Ninghua 怕
    Yudu 怕
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 驚
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 驚
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 驚
    Dongshi (Dabu) 驚
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 驚
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 驚
    Hong Kong 狂
    Sabah 狂
    Senai 狂
    Singkawang 驚
    Huizhou Jixi 怕, 嚇
    Jin Taiyuan 害怕, 怕
    Xinzhou 著怕, 怕
    Min Bei Jian'ou 驚, 怕, 怯, 畏
    Dikou 驚
    Songxi 驚
    Zhenghe 驚
    Zhenqian 驚
    Jianyang 驚
    Wuyishan 嚇
    Shibei 嚇
    Min Dong Fuzhou 驚
    Changle 驚
    Fuqing 驚
    Yongtai 驚
    Gutian 驚
    Fu'an 驚
    Ningde 驚
    Shouning 驚
    Zhouning 驚
    Fuding 驚
    Min Nan Xiamen 驚, 驚惶, 懾, 懾屎
    Quanzhou 驚, 懾, 懾屎
    Zhangzhou 驚, 驚惶, 懾
    Taipei 驚
    Kaohsiung 驚
    Tainan 驚
    Taichung 驚
    Wuqi 驚惶
    Hsinchu 驚
    Taitung 驚
    Lukang 驚
    Yilan 驚
    Magong 驚
    Penang (Hokkien) 驚
    Singapore (Hokkien) 驚
    Datian 驚
    Chaozhou 驚
    Shantou 驚
    Haifeng 驚
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 驚
    Singapore (Teochew) 驚
    Wenchang 驚
    Haikou 驚
    Leizhou 驚
    Puxian Min Putian 驚
    Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 狂, 怕
    Wu Shanghai 怕, 嚇
    Suzhou 怕, 嚇
    Hangzhou 怕, 嚇, 慌, 怕慌, 發毛
    Wenzhou 怕, 嚇
    Chongming 嚇
    Danyang 怕
    Jinhua 光
    Ningbo 怕, 嚇
    Xiang Changsha 怕, 畏怯
    Shuangfeng 怕
    Loudi 怕

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 驚

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (驚):
    • → Japanese: 驚(きょう) (kyō)
    • → Korean: 경 (驚, gyeong)
    • → Vietnamese: kinh (驚)

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    驚

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Derived terms[edit]

    Readings[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    驚 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    驚 (kinh)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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