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See also:
U+5687, 嚇
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5687

[U+5686]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5688]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 30, +14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 口土金金 (RGCC), four-corner 64031, composition or )

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 211, character 37
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4459
  • Dae Jaweon: page 434, character 29
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 695, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+5687

Chinese[edit]

trad.
simp. *
alternative forms
𠵢
𠁗

Glyph origin[edit]

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *qʰraːɡs, *qʰraːɡ): semantic + phonetic (OC *qʰraːɡ).

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with Tibetan སྐྲག་ (skrag), Burmese ကြောက် (krauk), Lashi kyuk (Hill, 2019).

Pronunciation 1[edit]


Note:
  • xià - vernacular;
  • hè - literary (stronger connotation of “to intimidate” than “to scare”).
  • Cantonese
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Note:
    • hiáh - vernacular;
    • háik - literary.
  • Min Nan
  • Note:
    • hà/hiak/hek/herk - literary;
    • heh/heeh/hehⁿ/hiahⁿ - vernacular.
  • Wu

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial () (32) (32)
    Final () (98) (113)
    Tone (調) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open Open
    Division () II II
    Fanqie
    Baxter xaeH xaek
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /hˠaH/ /hˠæk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /hᵚaH/ /hᵚak̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /xaH/ /xak̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /haɨH/ /haɨjk̚/
    Li
    Rong
    /xaH/ /xɐk̚/
    Wang
    Li
    /xaH/ /xɐk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /xaH/ /xɐk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    xià he
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    haa3 hak1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    xià
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ xæk › ‹ H ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*qʰˁ<r>ak/ /*qʰˁ<r>ak-s/
    English frighten frighten

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    No. 1471 1475
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0 0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*qʰraːɡs/ /*qʰraːɡ/
    Notes

    Definitions[edit]

    1. (transitive) to frighten; to scare
        ―  jīngxià  ―  to frighten
      寶寶宝宝  ―  Xià sǐ bǎobao le!  ―  (You) scared me! [Internet slang, usually by females]
      情景 [MSC, trad.]
      情景 [MSC, simp.]
      Wǒ bèi zhè qíngjǐng xià dào le. [Pinyin]
      I was frightened by the sight.
      咳嗽聲音 [MSC, trad.]
      咳嗽声音 [MSC, simp.]
      Tā késòu de shēngyīn hěn dà, xià le wǒ yī tiào. [Pinyin]
      Her huge cough startled me.
    2. (intransitive) to be afraid; to be scared; to be frightened
      [Shanghainese, trad.]
      [Shanghainese, simp.]
      6non 8veq-iau 7haq-teq-gheq [Wugniu]
      Don't be scared.
    3. to threaten; to intimidate
        ―  dòng  ―  to intimidate

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (to be afraid):

    Compounds[edit]

    Pronunciation 2[edit]


    Note:
    • hiak/hek - literary;
    • hiahⁿ/heh - vernacular.

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial () (32)
    Final () (113)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () II
    Fanqie
    Baxter xaek
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /hˠæk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /hᵚak̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /xak̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /haɨjk̚/
    Li
    Rong
    /xɐk̚/
    Wang
    Li
    /xɐk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /xɐk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    he
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    hak1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ xæk ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*qʰˁ<r>ak/
    English frighten

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 1475
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*qʰraːɡ/
    Notes

    Definitions[edit]

    1. Used to express disapproval or resentment: tut-tut; humph
      豈有此理岂有此理  ―  , qǐyǒucǐlǐ!  ―  Tut-tut! Absurd!
    2. Used to express astonishment.
      怎麽怎么  ―  , zhè shì zěnme gǎo de!  ―  Damn! How has this happened?

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    (ha, hyeok) (hangeul , , revised ha, hyeok, McCune–Reischauer ha, hyŏk)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Nôm readings: hách, hạ

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.