鼠
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Translingual[edit]
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Han character[edit]
鼠 (Kangxi radical 208, 鼠+0, 13 strokes, cangjie input 竹X女卜女 (HXVYV), four-corner 77717, composition ⿱臼⿲⿺𠄌⺀⿺𠄌⺀㇂(GJK) or ⿱臼⿲⿺𠄌𠄠⿺𠄌𠄠㇂(HT))
- Kangxi radical #208, ⿏.
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 1527, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48390
- Dae Jaweon: page 2063, character 23
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4772, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9F20
Chinese[edit]
| trad. | 鼠 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 鼠 | |
| alternative forms | 䑕 鼡 ⿱𭕄电 2nd round simp. (1977) ⿱白⿲𠄌𠄌㇂ 2nd round simp. (1981) | |
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 鼠 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (象形) – a mouse or rat. In the seal script form, which is inherited in the regular script, the upper component resembling 臼 (jiù) represents the open mouth of a rat with teeth displayed, and the lower component represents the two feet of a rat on the left and a tail on the right.
Etymology[edit]
Unclear. Schuessler (2007) reconstructs the Minimal Old Chinese as *nhaʔ (homophonous to 癙 (OC *nhaʔ) "painful, suffering", which is in the same phonetic series and may be related to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *na-n/t (“ill, pain, sore, ache, difficult, evil spirit”)) and compares to the following:
- Nyah Kur [script needed] (hnáaʔ, “small squirrel; tree shrew”);
- Proto-Mon-Khmer *kn₁(i)ʔ (“rat; mouse”): Old Mon kni' > Mon ဂၞိ (nɔeˀ), Proto-Bahnaric *knɛː;
- Proto-Kam-Sui *hnu³ (“rat”): Southern Kam not, Sui hnoc.
STEDT, on the other hand, compares 鼠 (OC *hljaʔ) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-jəw-n (“rat; rabbit; hare”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
鼠
- rat; mouse; any member of the superfamily Muroidea, rodent
- 老鼠 ― lǎoshǔ ― mouse, rat
- Rat (first of the Chinese zodiac signs)
- (traditional Chinese medicine) scrofula; scrofulous
- (Cantonese) to sneak; to go stealthily
Synonyms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 鼠
See also[edit]
- (Chinese zodiac signs) 鼠 (shǔ), 牛 (niú), 虎 (hǔ), 兔 (tù), 龍／龙 (lóng), 蛇 (shé), 馬／马 (mǎ), 羊 (yáng), 猴 (hóu), 雞／鸡 (jī), 狗 (gǒu), 豬／猪 (zhū) (Category: zh:Chinese zodiac)
Japanese[edit]
| 鼡 | |
| 鼠 |
Kanji[edit]
鼠
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 鼡)
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: しょ (sho)←しよ (syo, historical)
- Kan-on: しょ (sho)←しよ (syo, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: そ (so)
- Kun: ねずみ (nezumi, 鼠); ねず (nezu, 鼠); ね (ne, 鼠)
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
Etymology 1[edit]
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| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鼠 |
| ねずみ Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
Originally a compound of 根 (ne, “root”, more specifically signifying somewhere hidden away) + 住み (sumi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 住む sumu, “to live in a place, to reside”), meaning roughly “one who lives in hidden places”. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?) The sumi changes to zumi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a mouse or a rat
- Synonym: (Kagoshima) ねずん (nezun)
- 1993 November 15 [Aug 25 1989], “○動物のお医者さん 登場人物紹介 [○ The Veterinarian: Character Intro]”, in 動物のお医者さん [The Veterinarian], 44th edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Hakusensha, →ISBN, page 7:
- 二階堂：ハムテルの友人で獣医の卵。だがネズミに弱いという弱点がある。
- Nikaidō: Hamuteru no yūjin de jūi no tamago. Daga nezumi ni yowai to iu jakuten ga aru.
- Nikaidō: Hamuteru’s friend, who’s also a future veterinarian. One of his weaknesses, however, is being frightened of rats and mice.
- 二階堂：ハムテルの友人で獣医の卵。だがネズミに弱いという弱点がある。
- 1999 May 25, “イビル・ラット [Evil Rat]”, in Booster 2, Konami:
- どんな物にでもかじりつく、行儀の悪い野ネズミ。
- Donna mono ni demo kajiritsuku, gyōgi no warui nonezumi.
- A feral rat evil-doer that can bite through anything.
- どんな物にでもかじりつく、行儀の悪い野ネズミ。
- 1999 September 23, “鎧ネズミ [Armored Rat]”, in Vol.5, Konami:
- 鎧のようにかたい毛で体を守ることができるネズミ。
- Yoroi no yō ni katai ke de karada o mamoru koto ga dekiru nezumi.
- A rat capable of defending itself with a coat that functions as armor.
- 鎧のようにかたい毛で体を守ることができるネズミ。
- 2007 November 20 [Mar 25 2006], Fujiko F. Fujio, “「スパルタ式にが手こくふく錠」と「にが手タッチバトン」 [“Extreme Conquer-Your-Weakness Pill” and “Weakness Touch Baton”]”, in ドラえもん＋ [Doraemon+], 4th edition, volume 5 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 11–12:
- ごめんください。
- Gomen kudasai.
- May I come in?
- Nezumidoshi no hito desu ka?
- Were you born in a Rat year?
- Sarudoshi desu ga.
- I was born in a Monkey year.
- Ja ohairi kudasai.
- Please come in then.
- Watakushi, Nezumi to mōshimasu.
- But my name is Nezumi.
- ごめんください。
- general term for members of superfamily Muroidea, including mice, rats, voles, hamsters, gerbils, and other similar rodents
- short for 鼠色 (nezumi iro): the colour grey, sometimes more specifically a dark grey colour
Usage notes[edit]
Japanese does not generally distinguish between mice and rats, and both are commonly called nezumi. If a distinction is needed, speakers may use the adjectives 大きい (ōkii, “large”) or 小さい (chīsai, “small”), or may use the word マウス (mausu, “mouse”, borrowed from either German or English).
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ネズミ.
Note that, although the Japanese term 子年 (nezumidoshi, nedoshi) for The Year of the Rat in the Chinese zodiac does derive from this same nezumi term, it is not written with this 鼠 kanji.
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
- 赤鼠 (akanezumi): large Japanese field mouse (Apodemus speciosus)
- 家鼠 (ienezumi): domestic rodent (brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), black rat (Rattus rattus), and house mouse (Mus musculus)
- 鬼天竺鼠 (oni tenjiku nezumi): capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris)
- 絹毛鼠 (kinuge nezumi): hamster (Cricetinae)
- 熊鼠 (kuma nezumi): black rat (Rattus rattus)
- 地鼠 (ji nezumi): white-toothed shrews (subfamily Crocidurinae)
- 田鼠 (ta nezumi): field rodent, wild rodent; black rat (Rattus rattus) and related species
- 旅鼠 (tabi nezumi): lemming (in subfamily Arvicolinae)
- 地鼠 (chi nezumi): large Japanese field mouse (Apodemus speciosus)
- 天竺鼠 (tenjiku nezumi): guinea pig (in family Caviidae)
- 尖鼠 (togari nezumi): shrew (in family Soricidae)
- 溝鼠 (dobu nezumi): brown rat (Rattus norvegicus)
- 鼠色 (nezumi iro): (UK) grey, (US) gray
- 鼠衣 (nezumigoromo): simple grey clerical robes
- 鼠食 (nezumikui): something that has been chewed on by mice or rats
- 鼠穴 (nezumiana): a mousehole, a rathole
- 火鼠 (hi nezumi): fire rat
- 袋鼠 (fukuro nezumi): opossum (Didelphimorphia)
- 水畑鼠 (mizuhata nezumi): the European water vole, Arvicola amphibius, formerly Arvicola terrestris.
- 野鼠 (no nezumi): wild rodent (large Japanese field mouse (Apodemus speciosus), Japanese grass vole (Microtus montebelli), red-backed voles (Myodes spp.), etc)
- 野良鼠 (nora nezumi): white-toothed shrews (subfamily Crocidurinae); Japanese shrew mole (Urotrichus talpoides); Japanese dormouse (Glirulus japonicus)
- 畑鼠 (hata nezumi): Japanese grass vole (Microtus montebelli); vole
- 二十日鼠 (hatsuka nezumi): house mouse (Mus musculus)
- 針鼠 (hari nezumi): hedgehog
- 火鼠 (hi nezumi): fire rat
- 谷地鼠 (yachi nezumi): red-backed voles (Myodes spp.)
Further reading[edit]
- "Nezumi" entry at 日本辞典 (Nihon Jiten, “Japan Dictionary”)
- "Nezumi entry at 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”)
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鼠 |
| ねず Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
Abbreviation of nezumi. Used in some compounds.[3][1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
- 鼠子 (nezuko): alternate name for 黒檜 (kurobe): Thuja standishii, an evergreen coniferous tree in the cypress family Cupressaceae
- 銀鼠 (ginnezu): silver-grey
Etymology 3[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鼠 |
| ね Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
Abbreviation of nezumi. Used in some compounds.[3][1]
Pronunciation[edit]
- The pitch accent is determined by the entire compounded term.
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
- 子 (ne): the Rat in the Chinese zodiac
- 子年 (nedoshi): the Year of the Rat in the Chinese zodiac
- 山鼠 (yamane): a Japanese dormouse (Glirulus japonicus)
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 鼠 (MC ɕɨʌX). Recorded as Middle Korean 셔〮 (syé) (Yale: syé) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰɘ(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [서(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
鼠
Readings[edit]
Etymology[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鼠 |
| えんちゅ Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鼠 |
| ゑんちゅ Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鼠 |
| っゑんちゅ Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
Compound of 親 (っゑー, 'wee, “parent”) + ん (“n”, reduced genitive particle) + 人 (ちゅ, -chu, “person”)
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
鼠 or 鼠 or 鼠 ('wenchu or wenchu or enchu)
References[edit]
- “ゑんちゅ・っゑんちゅ・うぇんちゅ・えんちゅ” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
鼠: Hán Nôm readings: thử, thửu
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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