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See also: and
U+9F20, 鼠
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F20

[U+9F1F]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9F21]
U+2FCF, ⿏
KANGXI RADICAL RAT

[U+2FCE]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2FD0]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 208, +0, 13 strokes, cangjie input 竹難女卜女 (HXVYV), four-corner 77717, composition ⿲⿺𠄌⿺𠄌⺀(GJK) or ⿲⿺𠄌𠄠⿺𠄌𠄠(HT))

  1. Kangxi radical #208, .

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1527, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48390
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2063, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4772, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9F20

Chinese[edit]

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms

⿱𭕄电 2nd round simp. (1977)
⿱白⿲𠄌𠄌㇂ 2nd round simp. (1981)

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – a mouse or rat. In the seal script form, which is inherited in the regular script, the upper component resembling (jiù) represents the open mouth of a rat with teeth displayed, and the lower component represents the two feet of a rat on the left and a tail on the right.

Etymology[edit]

Unclear. Schuessler (2007) reconstructs the Minimal Old Chinese as *nhaʔ (homophonous to (OC *nhaʔ) "painful, suffering", which is in the same phonetic series and may be related to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *na-n/t (ill, pain, sore, ache, difficult, evil spirit)) and compares to the following:

STEDT, on the other hand, compares (OC *hljaʔ) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-jəw-n (rat; rabbit; hare).

Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • chhí/chhír/chhú - vernacular;
  • sú/sír/sí - literary;
  • chhú - literary (Taiwan).
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /ʂu²¹⁴/
    Harbin /ʂu²¹³/
    Tianjin /ʂu¹³/
    /su¹³/
    Jinan /ʂu⁵⁵/
    Qingdao /ʃu⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /ʂu⁵³/
    Xi'an /fu⁵³/
    Xining /fv̩⁵³/
    Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵³/
    /ʂu⁵³/
    Lanzhou /p͡fʰu⁴⁴²/
    Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹/
    Wuhan /ɕy⁴²/
    Chengdu /su⁵³/
    Guiyang /su⁴²/
    Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵³/
    Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹²/
    Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰu²⁴/
    Jin Taiyuan /su⁵³/
    Pingyao /sz̩ʷ⁵³/
    Hohhot /su⁵³/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
    Suzhou /t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁵¹/
    Hangzhou /t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁵³/
    Wenzhou /t͡sʰei³⁵/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕʰy³¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ɕy⁴¹/
    Xiangtan /ɕy⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /ɕy²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰu³¹/
    Taoyuan /tʃʰu³¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /sy³⁵/
    Nanning /sy³⁵/
    Hong Kong /sy³⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /su⁵³/
    /t͡sʰu⁵³/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sʰy³²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sʰy²¹/
    Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰɯ⁵³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /siu²¹³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (26)
    Final () (22)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter syoX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ɕɨʌX/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ɕiɔX/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ɕiɔX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ɕɨə̆X/
    Li
    Rong
    /ɕiɔX/
    Wang
    Li
    /ɕĭoX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ɕi̯woX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    shǔ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    syu2
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    shǔ
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ syoX ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[l̥]aʔ/
    English rat

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11801
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*hljaʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. rat; mouse; any member of the superfamily Muroidea, rodent
        ―  lǎoshǔ  ―  mouse, rat
    2. Rat (first of the Chinese zodiac signs)
        ―  Wǒ shǔ shǔ.  ―  My zodiac sign is the Rat.
    3. (traditional Chinese medicine) scrofula; scrofulous
    4. (Cantonese) to sneak; to go stealthily

    Synonyms[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    See also[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai

    Kyūjitai

    Kanji[edit]

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanjikyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

    1. mouse, rat, other similar rodent

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
    (nezumi): a mouse, as a smaller example of a nezumi.
    (nezumi): a rat, as a larger example of a nezumi.
    (nezumi): a member of family Muroidea: a common vole.
     
    (nezumi)鼠色 (nezumi-iro, literally “mouse color”): the color grey.
    Kanji in this term
    ねずみ
    Hyōgaiji
    kun’yomi

    Originally a compound of (ne, root, more specifically signifying somewhere hidden away) +‎ 住み (sumi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 住む sumu, “to live in a place, to reside”), meaning roughly “one who lives in hidden places”. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?) The sumi changes to zumi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (ねずみ) or (ネズミ) (nezumiねづみ (nedumi)?

    1. a mouse or a rat
      Synonym: (Kagoshima) ねずん (nezun)
      • 1993 November 15 [1989 August 25], “(どう)(ぶつ)のお()(しゃ)さん (とう)(じょう)(じん)(ぶつ)(しょう)(かい)”, in 動物のお医者さん [The Veterinarian], 44th edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Hakusensha, →ISBN, page 7:
        ()(かい)(どう):ハムテルの(ゆう)(じん)(じゅう)()(たまご)。だがネズミ(よわ)いという(じゃく)(てん)がある。
        Nikaidō: Hamuteru no yūjin de jūi no tamago. Daga nezumi ni yowai to iu jakuten ga aru.
        Nikaidō: Hamuteru’s friend, who’s also a future veterinarian. One of his weaknesses, however, is being frightened of rats and mice.
      • 1999 May 25, “イビル・ラット [Evil Rat]”, in Booster 2, Konami:
        どんな(もの)にでもかじりつく、(ぎょう)()(わる)()ネズミ
        Donna mono ni demo kajiritsuku, gyōgi no warui nonezumi.
        A feral rat evil-doer that can bite through anything.
      • 1999 September 23, “(よろい)ネズミ”, in Vol.5, Konami:
        (よろい)のようにかたい()(からだ)(まも)ることができるネズミ
        Yoroi no yō ni katai ke de karada o mamoru koto ga dekiru nezumi.
        A rat capable of defending itself with a coat that functions as armor.
      • 2007 November 20 [2006 March 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “「スパルタ(しき)にが()こくふく(じょう)」と「にが()タッチバトン」”, in ドラえもん(プラス), 4th edition, volume 5 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, pages 11–12:
        ごめんください。
        Gomen kudasai.
        May I come in?
        ネズミ(どし)(ひと)ですか?
        Nezumidoshi no hito desu ka?
        Were you born in a Rat year?
        サル(どし)ですが。
        Sarudoshi desu ga.
        I was born in a Monkey year.
        じゃ おはいりください。
        Ja ohairi kudasai.
        Please come in then.
        わたくし、()(ずみ)ともうします。
        Watakushi, Nezumi to mōshimasu.
        But my name is Nezumi.
    2. general term for members of superfamily Muroidea, including mice, rats, voles, hamsters, gerbils, and other similar rodents
    3. short for 鼠色 (nezumi iro): the colour grey, sometimes more specifically a dark grey colour
    Usage notes[edit]
    • Japanese does not generally distinguish between mice and rats, and both are commonly called nezumi. If a distinction is needed, speakers may use the adjectives 大きい (ōkii, large) or 小さい (chīsai, small), or may use the word マウス (mausu, mouse, borrowed from either German or English).
    • As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ネズミ.
    • Note that, although the Japanese term 子年 (​nezumidoshi, ​nedoshi) for The Year of the Rat in the Chinese zodiac does derive from this same nezumi term, it is not written with this kanji.
    Derived terms[edit]

    Further reading[edit]

    • "Nezumi" entry at 日本辞典 (Nihon Jiten, Japan Dictionary)
    • "Nezumi entry at 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, Etymology Derivation Dictionary)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    ねず
    Hyōgaiji
    kun’yomi

    Abbreviation of nezumi. Used in some compounds.[3][1]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (ねず) (nezu

    1. a mouse, a rat
    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term

    Hyōgaiji
    kun’yomi

    Abbreviation of nezumi. Used in some compounds.[3][1]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • The pitch accent is determined by the entire compounded term.

    Noun[edit]

    () (ne

    1. a mouse, a rat
    Derived terms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
    3. 3.0 3.1 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese (MC syoX). Recorded as Middle Korean 셔〮 (syé) (Yale: syé) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰɘ(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (jwi seo))

    1. Hanja form? of (mouse; rat).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]

    Okinawan[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    えんちゅ
    Hyōgaiji
    kun’yomi
    Kanji in this term
    ゑんちゅ
    Hyōgaiji
    kun’yomi
    Kanji in this term
    っゑんちゅ
    Hyōgaiji
    kun’yomi

    Compound of (っゑー, 'wee, parent) +‎ (n, reduced genitive particle) +‎ (ちゅ, -chu, person)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • IPA(key): [(ʔ)(ʷ)en̩t͡ɕu]

    Noun[edit]

    (っゑんちゅ) or (ゑんちゅ) or (えんちゅ) ('wenchu or wenchu or enchu

    1. mouse, rat

    References[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Nôm readings: thử, thửu

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.