臼

See also: 𦥑, 曰, 白, 日, and 鼠

臼 U+81FC, 臼 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81FC ← 臻 [U+81FB] CJK Unified Ideographs 臽 → [U+81FD]

⾅ U+2F85, ⾅ KANGXI RADICAL MORTAR ← ⾄ [U+2F84] Kangxi Radicals ⾆ → [U+2F86]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

臼 (Kangxi radical 134, 臼+0, 6 strokes, Cangjie input 竹難 (HX), four-corner 7777₀, composition ⿵⿲丨⿱丿一⿹𠃍一一)

1. Kangxi radical #134, ⾅.

Derived characters

• Appendix:Chinese radical/臼
• 㧮, 桕, 𭹉, 𧧖, 𧳈, 𩢹, 𩶧, 齨, 𠜃, 𨋺, 𨾹, 𩒦, 𩶿, 䳎
• 兒, 帠, 䊆, 䢅, 䳔, 鼠, 𪠨, 𡘑, 𭇦, 𣆫, 𨿀, 𩣅, 𪓢, 臽, 𡚒, 㳫, 𤘈, 𦭻, 𮃼, 𦽭, 閰, 裒
• 𦥚, 㖬, 𢝘, 揑, 湼, 䛼, 毁, 隉, 㷐, 毀, 𢶽, 𣫞

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1003, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30173
• Dae Jaweon: page 1459, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3037, character 1
• Unihan data for U+81FC

Chinese

simp. and trad.		臼
alternative forms		旧

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 臼
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (臼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
臼	*ɡuʔ
齨	*ɡuʔ
桕	*ɡuʔ
舅	*ɡuʔ
舊	*ɡʷɯs
匶	*ɡʷɯs
閰	*kuɡ

Pictogram (象形): a mortar. See the original version of 舂, in which a pestle is visible on top. Unrelated to the top component of 學, 兒, 䳔, 鼠, and 叟.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiù (jiu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kau⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): khiû

  (Hailu, HRS): kiu^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): kiu¹

• Eastern Min (BUC): kô / kêu
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khǔ / khū / kiǔ / kiū

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ku⁶ / giu⁶

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶jieu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiù
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiòu
    • Wade–Giles: chiu⁴
    • Yale: jyòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiow
    • Palladius: цзю (czju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kau⁵
    • Yale: káuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kau⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: keo⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐu̯¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiû
    • Hakka Romanization System: kiu^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kiu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯u²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: kiu^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰiu⁵³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: kiu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰiu⁴⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kô / kêu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰou²⁴²/, /kʰiɛu²⁴²/

Note:

• kô - vernacular;
• kêu - litereary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khǔ
    • Tâi-lô: khǔ
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰu²²/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khū
    • Tâi-lô: khū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qu
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰu²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰu³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiǔ
    • Tâi-lô: kiǔ
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kiu²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiū
    • Tâi-lô: kiū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiu
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiu²²/

Note:

• khǔ/khū - vernacular;
• kiǔ/kiū - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ku⁶ / giu⁶
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khŭ / kiŭ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu³⁵/, /kiu³⁵/

Note:

• ku6 - vernacular;
• giu6 - literary.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶jieu
    • MiniDict: jieu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³jjieu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑiɤ²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: gjuwX

Rime
Character	臼
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	其九切
Baxter	gjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨuX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡiuX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiəuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/guwX/
Li Rong	/ɡiuX/
Wang Li	/ɡĭəuX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gi̯ə̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.[ɡ]ʷəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡuʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	臼
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiù
Middle Chinese	‹ gjuwX ›
Old Chinese	/*C.[ɡ]ʷəʔ/
English	mortar
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	臼
Reading #	1/1
No.	6977
Phonetic component	臼
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	舅
Old Chinese	/*ɡuʔ/

Definitions

臼

1. mortar (hollow vessel used to pound or crush ingredients)
2. something which resembles a mortar

Compounds

• 不落窠臼 (bùluòkējiù)
• 井臼
• 大臼齒 / 大臼齿 (dàjiùchǐ)
• 小臼齒 / 小臼齿 (xiǎojiùchǐ)
• 操井臼
• 杵臼 (chǔjiù)
• 杵臼交
• 杵臼關節 / 杵臼关节
• 炊臼
• 炊臼之夢 / 炊臼之梦
• 炊臼之戚
• 烏臼 / 乌臼
• 窠臼 (kējiù)
• 紡績井臼 / 纺绩井臼
• 脫臼 / 脱臼 (tuōjiù)
• 自操井臼
• 臼中無釜 / 臼中无釜
• 臼窠 (jiùkē)
• 臼頭深目 / 臼头深目
• 臼齒 / 臼齿 (jiùchǐ)
• 虀臼
• 親操井臼 / 亲操井臼
• 門臼 / 门臼 (ménjiù)
• 齏臼 / 齑臼 (jījiù)

References

• (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

Japanese

Kanji

臼

(Jōyō kanji)

1. millstone; mortar

Readings

• Go-on: ぐ (gu)
• Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)^{←きう (kiu, historical)}
• Kun: うす (usu, 臼, Jōyō)、おす (osu, 臼)

Compounds

• 臼歯(きゅうし) (kyūshi)
• 臼砲(きゅうほう) (kyūhō)
• 烏臼(うきゅう) (ukyū)
• 脱臼(だきゅう) (dakyū)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
臼
うす Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
碓

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE. From Proto-Japonic *osu. Compare Yamagata Japanese おす (osu).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) うす [úꜜsù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɯ̟sɨ]

Noun

臼(うす) • (usu) 

1. millstone, mortar

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 臼茸(ウスタケ) (usutake)
• 臼玉(うすだま) (usudama)
• 臼(ウス)の木(キ) (usu no ki)
• 石臼(いしうす) (ishiusu)
• 雄臼(おうす) (ōsu)
• 鉄臼(かなうす) (kanausu)
• 唐臼(からうす) (karausu)
• 黒臼子(クロウスゴ) (kurousugo)
• 立臼(たちうす) (tachiusu)
• 茶臼(ちゃうす) (chausu)
• 搗(つ)き臼(うす) (tsukiusu)
• 碾(ひ)き臼(うす) (hikiusu)
• 雌臼(めうす) (meusu)

See also

• 杵(きね) (kine)

References

• “臼”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja

臼 (eum 구 (gu))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

臼: Hán Nôm readings: cối, cữu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.