蛇
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Translingual[edit]
Stroke order | |||
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Han character[edit]
蛇 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 中戈十心 (LIJP), four-corner 53111, composition ⿰虫它)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1080, character 20
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32964
- Dae Jaweon: page 1548, character 36
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2845, character 8
- Unihan data for U+86C7
Chinese[edit]
simp. and trad. |
蛇 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms |
Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 蛇 | ||
---|---|---|
Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *l̥ʰaːl, *ɦljaːl, *lal): semantic 虫 + phonetic 它 (OC *l̥ʰaːl). 它 was also the original pictographic form of this character.
Etymology 1[edit]
Unclear. Various theories have been proposed:
- Starostin sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lăj (“snake”), comparing this with Mizo hlai-ba (“a species of snake”) and Jingpho palai (“a species of iguana”). He also compares it to Proto-Kam-Sui *dzuːi² (“snake”). Schuessler (2007) considers these Tibeto-Burman forms to be unrelated.
- Matisoff (2003) relates it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-b/m-ruːl (“snake”), but this comparison is no longer held in STEDT.
- Sagart (2005) relates it to Proto-Loloish *lay¹/² (“python”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-lja(ŋ/k) (“python”), as well as Proto-Austronesian *bulay (“snake”). Comparison with the Austronesian form has been challenged by Orlandi (2018).
- Schuessler (2007) notes similarity to Proto-Hlai *ljaːɦ (“snake”) (from Pre-Hlai *Cilaːɦ) as well as to Austronesian words, such as Rade ala (“snake”), but considers the Kra-Dai forms to be possible borrowings from Chinese. (He does not seem to address the Austronesian forms directly.) In his view, a more likely relationship is with the /-lé/ in Khmer រលេ (rɔlei, “sinuously, in a twisting or wiggling manner (as a snake swimming)”). In Old Chinese, this also provides the second syllable in 委蛇 (OC *qrol lal, “winding; compliant; graceful”). 蛇 (“the winding thing”) is then a euphemism for common Sino-Tibetan 虺 (OC *hŋlulʔ, “snake”) for taboo reasons.
- Zhengzhang (2011) relates it to Proto-Austronesian *SulaR (“snake”).
Pronunciation 1[edit]
Definitions[edit]
蛇
- snake; serpent (Classifier: 條/条 m c; 尾 m mn)
- 耶和華神對女人說:「你做的是甚麼事呢?」女人說:「那蛇引誘我,我就吃了。」 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 創世記 (Genesis) 3:13
- Yēhéhuá Shén duì nǚrén shuō: “Nǐ zuò de shì shènme shì ne?” Nǚrén shuō: “Nà shé yǐnyòu wǒ, wǒ jiù chī le.” [Pinyin]
- And the Lord God said unto the woman, What is this that thou hast done? And the woman said, The serpent beguiled me, and I did eat.
耶和华神对女人说:“你做的是什么事呢?”女人说:“那蛇引诱我,我就吃了。” [MSC, simp.]-
- 蟹六跪而二螯,非蛇蟺之穴無可寄託者,用心躁也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- Xiè liù guì ér èr áo, fēi shé shàn zhī xué wú kě jì tuō zhě, yòng xīn zào yě. [Pinyin]
- A crab has six feet and two pincers, but it cannot live without the holes of snakes and eels, it is because it has an uncalm heart.
蟹六跪而二螯,非蛇蟺之穴无可寄托者,用心躁也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- illegal immigrant
- (Cantonese) to shirk one's duty; to be lazy on the job
- (Cantonese, poker) straight
- (regional, pathology) herpes zoster; shingles
- a surname
Synonyms[edit]
- (snake):
Descendants[edit]
Compounds[edit]
- 一蛇二首
- 一龍一蛇/一龙一蛇
- 丈八蛇矛 (Zhàng bā shémáo)
- 五步蛇
- 人蛇 (rénshé)
- 佛口蛇心 (fókǒushéxīn)
- 倒拔蛇
- 兩頭蛇/两头蛇 (liǎngtóushé)
- 四腳蛇/四脚蛇 (sìjiǎoshé)
- 土錦蛇/土锦蛇
- 地土蛇
- 地頭蛇/地头蛇 (dìtóushé)
- 夢蛇/梦蛇
- 封豕長蛇/封豕长蛇
- 屈蛇
- 巨蛇座 (Jùshézuò)
- 巴蛇 (bāshé)
- 巴蛇吞象
- 巴蛇食象
- 常山蛇
- 常山蛇勢/常山蛇势
- 弓影杯蛇
- 弓蛇
- 影中蛇
- 打草驚蛇/打草惊蛇 (dǎcǎojīngshé)
- 拿死蛇
- 捕蛇去齒/捕蛇去齿
- 握蛇騎虎/握蛇骑虎
- 撥草尋蛇/拨草寻蛇
- 斬蛇/斩蛇
- 斬蛇逐鹿/斩蛇逐鹿
- 春蚓秋蛇
- 杯弓蛇影 (bēigōng-shéyǐng)
- 杯蛇鬼車/杯蛇鬼车
- 枳首蛇
- 歲在龍蛇/岁在龙蛇
- 毒蛇 (dúshé)
- 毒蛇猛獸/毒蛇猛兽
- 水蛇 (shuǐshé)
- 水蛇腰 (shuǐshéyāo)
- 海蛇 (hǎishé)
- 海蛇水母
- 為蛇添足/为蛇添足
- 為蛇畫足/为蛇画足
- 牛鬼蛇神 (niúguǐshéshén)
- 畫蛇添足/画蛇添足 (huàshétiānzú)
- 畫蛇著足/画蛇著足
- 白花蛇 (báihuāshé)
- 白蛇
- 白蛇傳/白蛇传 (Báishézhuàn)
- 百步蛇 (bǎibùshé)
- 百節蛇/百节蛇
- 盤蛇/盘蛇
- 盲蛇 (mángshé)
- 眼鏡蛇/眼镜蛇 (yǎnjìngshé)
- 窟裡拔蛇/窟里拔蛇
- 筆走龍蛇/笔走龙蛇 (bǐzǒulóngshé)
- 簷蛇/檐蛇
- 草花蛇
- 蘄蛇/蕲蛇
- 虎頭蛇尾/虎头蛇尾 (hǔtóushéwěi)
- 虺蛇入夢/虺蛇入梦
- 蛇信
- 蛇匪
- 蛇口蜂針/蛇口蜂针
- 蛇吞象
- 蛇心佛口
- 蛇拳
- 蛇木
- 蛇皮松
- 蛇神
- 蛇符
- 蛇紋石/蛇纹石 (shéwénshí)
- 蛇羹 (shégēng)
- 蛇船
- 蛇苺
- 蛇蛻/蛇蜕 (shétuì)
- 蛇蠍/蛇蝎 (shéxiē)
- 蛇蠍心腸/蛇蝎心肠 (shéxiēxīncháng)
- 蛇蠍美人/蛇蝎美人 (shéxiē měirén)
- 蛇行 (shéxíng)
- 蛇足 (shézú)
- 蛇頭/蛇头 (shétóu)
- 蛇頭鼠眼/蛇头鼠眼
- 蛇麻
- 蛇鼠一窩/蛇鼠一窝 (shéshǔyīwō)
- 蛇龍尖/蛇龙尖 (Shélóngjiān)
- 螣蛇 (téngshé)
- 蟒蛇 (mǎngshé)
- 行行蛇蚓
- 赤練蛇/赤练蛇
- 軹首蛇/轵首蛇
- 金蛇
- 銀環蛇/银环蛇 (yínhuánshé)
- 錦蛇/锦蛇 (jǐnshé)
- 靈蛇之珠/灵蛇之珠
- 靈蛇髻/灵蛇髻
- 青蛇 (qīngshé)
- 響尾蛇/响尾蛇 (xiǎngwěishé)
- 飛蛇/飞蛇
- 養虺成蛇/养虺成蛇
- 騰蛇/腾蛇
- 驚蛇入草/惊蛇入草
- 魔術蛇/魔术蛇
- 龍蛇/龙蛇 (lóngshé)
- 龍蛇之章/龙蛇之章
- 龍蛇字/龙蛇字
- 龍蛇混雜/龙蛇混杂 (lóngshéhùnzá)
- 龍蛇渾雜/龙蛇浑杂
- 龍蛇陣/龙蛇阵
- 龍蛇雜處/龙蛇杂处
- 龍蛇飛動/龙蛇飞动
- 龍頭蛇尾/龙头蛇尾
- 龜蛇二將/龟蛇二将
Pronunciation 2[edit]
Definitions[edit]
蛇
- Used in 蛇蛇 (“facile (of words); calmly; leisurely”).
- Used in 委蛇 (wēiyí, “winding; meandering; pretending interest and sympathy”).
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
蛇
- (Cantonese) sir (used when addressing policemen or male schoolteachers)
Compounds[edit]
See also[edit]
- (Chinese zodiac signs) 鼠 (shǔ), 牛 (niú), 虎 (hǔ), 兔 (tù), 龍/龙 (lóng), 蛇 (shé), 馬/马 (mǎ), 羊 (yáng), 猴 (hóu), 雞/鸡 (jī), 狗 (gǒu), 豬/猪 (zhū) (Category: zh:Chinese zodiac signs)
References[edit]
- “蛇”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03624
- “Entry #7843”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: じゃ (ja, Jōyō)←じや (zya, historical); た (ta); い (i)
- Kan-on: しゃ (sha)←しや (sya, historical); た (ta); い (i)
- Kan’yō-on: だ (da, Jōyō)
- Kun: へび (hebi, 蛇, Jōyō); くちなわ (kuchinawa, 蛇)←くちなは (kutinafa, 蛇, historical)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
蛇 |
へび Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
/pemi/ → /ɸemi/ → /ɸebi/ → /hebi/
Shift from older hemi (see below).[1][2] The medial /m/ lost its nasal quality to become a plosive.
Appears in texts from the 1300s.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a snake, serpent
- 1999 March 6, “デビル・スネーク [Devil Snake]”, in Starter Box, Konami:
- 目が一つしかないヘビ。冷気をはき出し、相手を氷づけにする。
- Me ga hitotsu shikanai hebi. Reiki o hakidashi, aite o kōrizuke ni suru.
- A single-eyed snake that breathes out frigid air to freeze its opponents.
- 目が一つしかないヘビ。冷気をはき出し、相手を氷づけにする。
- 1999 May 27, “生き血をすするもの”, in Vol.3, Konami:
- 暗闇の中、道行く人々を襲う人型の吸血ヘビ。
- Kurayami no naka, michiyuku hitobito o osou hitogata no kyūketsu hebi.
- A humanoid blood-sucking serpent who assaults passerby from the dark.
- 暗闇の中、道行く人々を襲う人型の吸血ヘビ。
- 2000 May 1, “グラップラー”, in BOOSTER 7, Konami:
- ずるがしこいヘビ。太くて長い身体で締め付ける攻撃に注意!
- Zurugashikoi hebi. Futokute nagai shintai de shimetsukeru kōgeki ni chūi!
- Watch out! This devious serpent will grapple you tight with its long and thick body!
- ずるがしこいヘビ。太くて長い身体で締め付ける攻撃に注意!
- a snake (treacherous person)
Usage notes[edit]
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ヘビ.
Derived terms[edit]
- 蛇苺 (hebīchigo)
- 蛇貝 (hebigai)
- 蛇神 (hebigami)
- 蛇食鷲 (hebikui washi)
- 蛇座 (Hebiza, “Serpens”)
- 蛇責め (hebizeme)
- 蛇遣い (hebitsukai)
- 蛇毒 (hebidoku)
- 蛇蜻蛉 (hebitonbo)
- 蛇寝御座 (hebinonegoza)
- 蛇不登 (hebinoborazu)
- 蛇の殻 (hebi no kara)
- 蛇の衣 (hebi no kinu)
- 蛇婿入り (hebi muko iri)
- 雨傘蛇 (amagasa hebi)
- 海蛇 (umihebi)
- がらがら蛇 (garagarahebi)
- 烏蛇 (karasuhebi)
- 金蛇 (kanahebi), 蛇舅母 (kanahebi)
- 川蛇 (kawahebi)
- 鎖蛇 (kusarihebi)
- 縞蛇 (shimahebi)
- 白蛇 (shirohebi)
- 毒蛇 (dokuhebi)
- 錦蛇 (nishikihebi)
- 裸蛇 (hadakahebi)
- 水蛇座 (Mizuhebiza)
- 眼鏡蛇 (meganehebi)
- 盲蛇 (mekurahebi)
- 藪蛇 (yabuhebi)
Idioms[edit]
- 蛇穴に入る (hebi ana ni iru)
- 蛇穴を出ず (hebi ana o izu)
- 蛇の生殺し (hebi no namagoroshi)
- 蛙は口ゆえ蛇に吞まるる (kaeru wa kuchi yue hebi ni nomaruru)
- 草を打って蛇を驚かす (kusa o utte hebi o odorokasu)
- 藪をつついて蛇を出す (yabu o tsutsuite hebi o dasu)
Proverbs[edit]
- 蛇に嚙まれて朽ち縄に怖じる (hebi ni kamarete kuchinawa ni ojiru)
- 蛇に見込まれた蛙 (hebi ni mikomareta kaeru)
- 蛇の道は蛇 (ja no michi wa hebi)
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
蛇 |
へみ Grade: S |
irregular |
⟨pe2mi1⟩ → */pəɨmʲi/ → /pemi/ → /ɸemi/ → /hemi/
From Old Japanese.
Derivation theories include:
- Possibly cognate with Korean 뱀 (baem, “snake”).
- Possibly related to, or influenced by, Old Japanese-derived verb 食む (hamu, “to bite”).
- Possibly also related to 波布 (habu, “a kind of poisonous pit viper native to Okinawa”).
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
蛇 |
くちなわ Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Extension of 朽ち縄 (kuchinawa, literally “rotten rope”),[1][2][4][5] as such a rope resembles the appearance of a snake.
朽ち縄 (kuchinawa) itself is from くち (kuchi, 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb くちる (“to rot”).) + 縄 (nawa, “rope”)
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
蛇 • (kuchinawa) ←くちなは (kutinafa)?
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 4[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
蛇 |
じゃ Grade: S |
goon |
From Middle Chinese 蛇 (MC zyae).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Proverbs[edit]
- 蛇が蚊を吞んだよう (ja ga ka o nondayou)
- 蛇の道は蛇 (ja no michi wa hebi)
- 蛇は一寸にして人を吞む (ja wa issun ni shite hito o nomu)
- 鬼が住むか蛇が住むか (oni ga sumu ka ja ga sumu ka)
- 灰吹きから蛇が出る (haifuki kara ja ga deru)
Affix[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 5[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
蛇 |
だ Grade: S |
kan’yōon |
Confusion of pronunciation with 陀 (da) via phonetic radical 它.
Affix[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 6[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
蛇 |
い Grade: S |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 蛇 (MC ye).
Affix[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- 委蛇 (ii)
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle Chinese 蛇 (MC zyae).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | ᄇᆡ얌〯 (Yale: pòyyǎm) | 샤 (Yale: syà) |
Hanja[edit]
蛇 (eumhun 뱀 사 (baem sa)) or 蛇 (eumhun 긴 뱀 사 (gin baem sa))
Etymology 2[edit]
From Middle Chinese 蛇 (MC ye).
Hanja[edit]
蛇 (eumhun 구불구불 이 (gubulgubul i))
Oki-No-Erabu[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Cognate with Japanese 蛇 (hebi).
Noun[edit]
蛇 (hibi)
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle Chinese 蛇 (MC zyae).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
蛇 (jā)
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Cognate with Japanese 蛇 (hebi).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
蛇 (fību)
References[edit]
Old Japanese[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Derivation theories include:
- Possibly cognate with modern Korean 뱀 (baem, “snake”).
- Possibly related to or influenced by the verb 食む (pamu, “to bite”).
Compounds[edit]
- 大蛇 (woroti)
Noun[edit]
蛇 (pe2mi1) (kana へみ)
- a snake, serpent
- 711–712, Kojiki (First scroll, Ōkuninushi no mikoto)
- 711–712, Kojiki (First scroll, Ōkuninushi no mikoto)
Derived terms[edit]
- 四つの蛇 (yo2tu no2 pe2mi1)
Descendants[edit]
- Japanese: 蛇 (hemi → hebi)
References[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
蛇: Hán Nôm readings: xà, thạch
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- zh:Chinese zodiac signs
- Elementary Mandarin
- zh:Snakes
- zh:Reptiles
- Japanese Han characters
- Common kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading じゃ
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading じや
- Japanese kanji with goon reading た
- Japanese kanji with goon reading い
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading しゃ
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading しや
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading た
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading い
- Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading だ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading へび
- Japanese kanji with kun reading くちなわ
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading くちなは
- Japanese terms spelled with 蛇 read as へび
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 蛇
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms with irregular kanji readings
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms with obsolete senses
- Japanese terms spelled with 蛇 read as くちなわ
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms spelled with 蛇 read as じゃ
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese short forms
- Japanese affixes
- Japanese terms spelled with 蛇 read as だ
- Japanese terms spelled with 蛇 read as い
- ja:Snakes
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Oki-No-Erabu Han characters
- Oki-No-Erabu lemmas
- Oki-No-Erabu nouns
- Oki-No-Erabu terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Oki-No-Erabu terms written with one Han script character
- Oki-No-Erabu terms spelled with 蛇
- Oki-No-Erabu single-kanji terms
- okn:Snakes
- Okinawan Han characters
- Okinawan kanji with on reading じゃー
- Okinawan kanji with kun reading ふぃーぶ
- Okinawan kanji with kun reading はぶ
- Okinawan terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Okinawan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Okinawan lemmas
- Okinawan nouns
- Okinawan terms with multiple readings
- Okinawan terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Okinawan terms written with one Han script character
- Okinawan terms spelled with 蛇
- Okinawan single-kanji terms
- Okinawan terms with rare senses
- Old Japanese lemmas
- Old Japanese nouns
- Old Japanese terms with usage examples
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters