食
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Translingual[edit]
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Alternative forms[edit]
Han character[edit]
食 (radical 184, 食+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人戈日女 (OIAV), four-corner 80732, composition ⿱𠆢良)
- Kangxi radical #184, ⾷.
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 1415, character 29
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44014
- Dae Jaweon: page 1939, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4440, character 1
- Unihan data for U+98DF
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
食 | |
|---|---|---|
| alt. forms | 𠊊 呷 Min Nan vernacular 饁／馌 Min Bei vernacular | |
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 食 | |||||||
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| Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (食) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 飤 | *ljɯɡs |
| 食 | *lɯɡs, *ɦljɯɡ |
| 蝕 | *ɦljɯɡ |
| 飾 | *hljɯɡ |
| 飭 | *l̥ʰɯɡ |
Pictogram (象形): a mouth over a bowl of rice on a stand. While the current form is 人+良, the lower part (bowl of rice on a stand) is cognate to 皀, not to 良 or 艮. This is more visible in the form 𠊊.
Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *lɯɡs, *ɦljɯɡ): phonetic 亼 (OC *zub) + semantic 皀; see 𠊊.
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s/g-ljak.
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
食
- (Cantonese, Hakka, Min) to eat; to have a meal; to take in
- (Hakka, Min) to drink
- (Cantonese, Hakka, Min) to smoke
- (Cantonese, chess, etc.) to capture
- † meal; food
- † edible
- † Alternative form of 蝕／蚀 (shí, “to eat away; to erode”).
- † Alternative form of 蝕／蚀 (shí, “eclipse (of the Sun or Moon)”).
Usage notes[edit]
- Cantonese, Hakka, and Min regularly uses 食 to mean “to eat”, whereas Mandarin uses 吃 (chī).
- Mandarin uses 吸 (xī) for “to smoke”.
Synonyms[edit]
| Dialectal synonyms of 吃 (“to eat”) [map] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | 食 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 吃 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 吃 |
| Taiwan | 吃 | |
| Jinan | 吃 | |
| Xi'an | 吃 | |
| Wuhan | 吃 | |
| Chengdu | 吃 | |
| Yangzhou | 吃 | |
| Hefei | 吃 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 食 |
| Hong Kong | 食 | |
| Shunde | 食 | |
| Zhongshan | 喫 | |
| Dongguan | 食 | |
| Taishan | 吃 | |
| Doumen | 吃 | |
| Kaiping | 吃 | |
| Shaoguan | 食 | |
| Yunfu | 食 | |
| Yangjiang | 吃 | |
| Xinyi | 食 | |
| Lianjiang | 食 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 喫 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 食 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 食 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 食 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 食 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 食 | |
| Zhuolan (Raoping) | 食 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 食 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 吃 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 食 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 食 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 食 |
| Taipei | 食 | |
| Chaozhou | 食 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 吃 |
| Suzhou | 吃 | |
| Wenzhou | 吃 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 吃 |
| Shuangfeng | 吃 | |
| Dialectal synonyms of 喝 (“to drink”) [map] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | 飲 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 喝 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 喝 |
| Taiwan | 喝 | |
| Jinan | 喝 | |
| Xi'an | 喝 | |
| Wuhan | 喝、呵、汩 | |
| Chengdu | 吃、呵 | |
| Yangzhou | 喝、吃 | |
| Hefei | 喝 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 飲、呷 |
| Hong Kong | 飲、呷 | |
| Taishan | 飲 | |
| Yangjiang | 呷、吃 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 喫 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 食、啜 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 食、啉、飲 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 食、啉、飲 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 食、啉、飲 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 食、啉、飲 | |
| Zhuolan (Raoping) | 食、啉、飲 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 啉、食 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 喝 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 啜、食 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 啜 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 啉、食、哈 |
| Quanzhou | 啉、食、哈 | |
| Zhangzhou | 啉、食 | |
| Taipei | 啉 | |
| Kaohsiung | 啉 | |
| Tainan | 啉、呵、食、灌 | |
| Taichung | 啉 | |
| Hsinchu | 啉、哈 | |
| Lukang | 啉 | |
| Sanxia | 啉 | |
| Yilan | 啉、呵、食 | |
| Kinmen | 啉 | |
| Magong | 食、啉 | |
| Penang | 啉 | |
| Singapore | 啉 | |
| Philippines (Manila) | 啉 | |
| Chaozhou | 食、啉 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 吃、喝 |
| Suzhou | 吃、呷、呼 | |
| Wenzhou | 呷、吃 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 吃 |
| Shuangfeng | 吃、呵 | |
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 食
Etymology 2[edit]
The *s- causative of Etymology 1.
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
食
Etymology 3[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
食
- † Only used in names.
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
食
Readings[edit]
- Goon: い (i); じ (ji); じき (jiki, Jōyō, uncommon)
- Kan’on: い (i); し (shi); しょく (shoku, Jōyō)
- Kun: くう (kuu, 食う, Jōyō); くらう (kurau, 食らう, Jōyō); たべる (taberu, 食べる, Jōyō); はむ (hamu, 食む); すく (suku, 食く); おし (oshi, 食し); おす (osu, 食す); たぐ (tagu, 食ぐ); たぶ (tabu, 食ぶ); うか (uka, 食); うけ (uke, 食); け (ke, 食); し (shi, 食)
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
Etymology 1[edit]
Unbound apophonic form uke.
Noun[edit]
- food
- grain
Etymology 2[edit]
uka + i → uke2 → uke. Bound apophonic form 食 (uka).
Noun[edit]
- food
Etymology 3[edit]
Cognate with 笥 (ke).
Noun[edit]
- food
- 御食つ国
- mi ke tsu kuni
- the land of foods
- 御食つ国
Noun[edit]
- food
Noun[edit]
食 (hiragana しょく, rōmaji shoku)
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
食 • (sik)
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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