益

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益 U+76CA, 益
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-76CA
← 盉
[U+76C9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 盋 →
[U+76CB]

益 U+FA17, 益
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA17
← 猪
[U+FA16] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 礼 →
[U+FA18]
益 U+FAA6, 益
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAA6
← 瘟
[U+FAA5] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 盛 →
[U+FAA7]

Translingual[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Han character[edit]

益 (Kangxi radical 108, 皿+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 廿金月廿 (TCBT), four-corner 80107, composition ⿳䒑八皿(GHTJV or U+FAA6) or ⿱⿳八一八皿(K or U+FA17))

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 793, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22972
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1208, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2560, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+76CA

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 益
alternative forms 𠍳 ancient form

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 益
Shang Western Zhou
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions
Characters in the same phonetic series (益) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
隘 *qreːɡs
賹 *qreːɡs
搤 *qreːɡs, *qreːɡ
縊 *qleːɡs, *qleɡs
螠 *qleɡs
謚 *ɢliɡs, *qleɡ
諡 *ɢliɡs
蠲 *kʷliːŋ
溢 *liɡ
鎰 *liɡ
齸 *lig, *qleg
貖 *qreːɡ
益 *qleɡ
嗌 *qleɡ
膉 *qleɡ
鷁 *ŋɡleːɡ
艗 *ŋɡleːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 水 (“water”) + 皿 (“vessel”). Original form of 溢 (OC *liɡ, “to overflow”). Upper component resembles 氺 (“water”) in a horizontal form.

Etymology[edit]

Bodman (1980) relates it to Tibetan སྐྱེད (skyed, “growth; increase; profit; to generate”), སྐྱེ (skye, “to be born”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • iah - vernacular;
  • iak/ek - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 益
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 影 (34)
    Final (韻) 清 (123)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 伊昔切
    Baxter 'jiek
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʔiᴇk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʔiɛk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ʔiæk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʔiajk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʔiɛk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/ĭɛk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʔi̯ɛk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yi
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jik1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 益
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yì
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ʔjiek ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*q[i]k/ (dialect: *-ik > *-ek)
    English increase

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 益
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 15081
    Phonetic
    component         		益
    Rime
    group         		錫
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		益
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qleɡ/

    Definitions[edit]

    益

    1. (obsolete) Original form of 溢 (yì, “to overflow”).
    2. (literary) affluent; well-off
    3. to increase; to add; to cause gain
      Antonym: 損／损 (sǔn)
      延年益壽／延年益寿  ―  yánniányìshòu  ―  to prolong life
    4. profit; benefit; gain
      收益  ―  shōuyì  ―  profit
      開卷有益／开卷有益  ―  kāijuǎnyǒuyì  ―  reading is beneficial
    5. (literary) more; further; even more
      日益  ―  rìyì  ―  day by day; increasingly
    6. 42nd hexagram of the I Ching
    7. (Cantonese) to benefit; to advantage
      淨係益自己友 [Cantonese, trad.]
      净系益自己友 [Cantonese, simp.]
      zing6 hai6 jik1 zi6 gei2 jau5-2 [Jyutping]
      to only benefit people in one's own circle

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (more):

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (益):
    • → Japanese: 益(えき) (eki); 益(やく) (yaku)
    • → Korean: 익(益) (ik)
    • → Vietnamese: ích (益)

    Others:

    • → Thai: อีก (ìik, “again, (do something) more”)

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai 益
    Kyūjitai
    [1]
    益
    &#xFA17;
    or
    益+&#xFE00;?
    益󠄁
    益+&#xE0101;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    益󠄃
    益+&#xE0103;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji[edit]

    益

    (grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 益)

    1. benefit
    2. gain
    3. profit
    4. advantage

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    益
    えき
    Grade: 5
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese 益 (MC 'jiek, “increase”). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    益(えき) • (eki) 

    1. benefit
    2. profit
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    益
    やく
    Grade: 5
    goon

    From Middle Chinese 益 (MC 'jiek, “increase”). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    益(やく) • (yaku) 

    1. benefit
    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    益
    ますます
    Grade: 5
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 益 – see the following entry.
    【ますます】
    [adverb] even more
    Alternative spellings
    益々, 増々, 増す増す
    (This term, 益, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    References[edit]

    1. ^ “益”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    益 (eumhun 더할 익 (deohal ik))

    1. Hanja form? of 익 (“gain; benefit”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    益: Hán Việt readings: ích (伊(y)昔(tích)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
    益: Nôm readings: ích[1][2][4][6], ịch[3][5]

    1. chữ Hán form of ích (“benefit”).
    2. Nôm form of ịch (“thud”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).
    6. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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