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火

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
火 U+706B, 火
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-706B
← 灪
[U+706A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 灬 →
[U+706C]
⽕ U+2F55, ⽕
KANGXI RADICAL FIRE
← ⽔
[U+2F54] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽖ →
[U+2F56]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Alternative forms

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  • 灬 (when used as a bottom Chinese radical)

Han character

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Stroke order
4 strokes
See images of
Radical 86 火

火 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 火 (F), four-corner 90800, composition ⿻⿰丿丿人(GJKV) or ⿻丷人(HT))

  1. Kangxi radical #86, ⽕.

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 665, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18850
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1073, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2187, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+706B

Chinese

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trad. 火
simp. # 火

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (火) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
火 *qʰʷaːlʔ
邩 *qʰʷaːlʔ
伙 *qʰʷaːlʔ

Pictogram (象形) – pictographic representation of a fire. Written as 灬 when at the bottom of a character, but still seen in the original form in the character 灸.

See also the top component of 叟 in its original form and the bottom part of 赤.

Etymology

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    Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *məj (Schuessler 2007; STEDT). However, see there for phonological problems.

    Sagart & Baxter (2024) update its Old Chinese pronunciation to 火 (OC *X.pˤərʔ) (whence MC xwaX → huǒ) and propose alternative cognacy to 燹 (OC *X.pər(ʔ)-s) (whence MC xwijH), both being prefixed by unknown element X- which turned the labial plosive *p(ʰ)- into the fricative *xw-; moreover, both are cognates to 燹 (OC *sə-pˤər(ʔ)-s) (whence MC senX → xiǎn). They also propose that aforesaid Chinese words are cognates to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *par (i.e. STEDT Etymon #2152 *bʷar ~ *pʷar (“fire; burn; kindle; roast”), see there for descendants) as well as Proto-Austronesian *dapuʀ (“cooking fire, hearth”).

    Pronunciation

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    Note:
    • huōi - colloquial;
    • huō - literary.
    Note:
    • huei3 - vernacular;
    • hor3 - literary.
    Note:
    • hé/hér/hóe - vernacular;
    • hóⁿ - literary.
    Note:
    • hue2 - vernacular;
    • ho2 - literary.
    Rime
    Character 火
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
    Final (韻) 戈 (95)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 呼果切
    Baxter xwaX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/huɑX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/huɑX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xuɑX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/hwaX/
    Li
    Rong         		/xuɑX/
    Wang
    Li         		/xuɑX/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/xuɑX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		huǒ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		fo2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 火
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		huǒ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xwaX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[qʷʰ]ˁəjʔ/
    English fire

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 火
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 5540
    Phonetic
    component         		火
    Rime
    group         		歌
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		火
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰʷaːlʔ/

    Definitions

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    火

    1. fire; flame
      可以跟你借一個火嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
      可以跟你借一个火吗？ [MSC, simp.]
      Kěyǐ gēn nǐ jiè yīge huǒ ma? [Pinyin]
      Can I borrow a light?
    2. fire (as a disaster); inferno
    3. red; fiery; bright; brilliant
    4. to burn down
    5. light; torch
    6. (dialectal) light; lamp
    7. anger; rage; wrath
    8. to become enraged
    9. angry; furious
    10. (traditional Chinese medicine) internal heat
      上火  ―  shànghuǒ  ―  inflammation
    11. firearm; ammunition; weapon
    12. war; warfare
    13. thriving; brisk
    14. urgent; pressing
    15. (neologism) to become popular; to go viral
    16. (neologism) to be popular; to be viral
      此帖必火  ―  cǐ tiě bì huǒ  ―  This post will definitely go viral
    17. (Cantonese) watt (unit of power)
      ※Definitely, "火" here is a unit of brightness (luminous intensity). However, the brightness of a luminous device is measured in watts in life because of luminous intensity's dependence on power, which resulted in it being bonded to watt, the unit of power.
      20火嘅燈膽／20火嘅灯胆 [Cantonese]  ―  20 fo2 ge3 dang1 daam2 [Jyutping]  ―  20-watt lightbulb
    18. short for 火星 (Huǒxīng, “Mars”)
    19. (Cantonese) roasted
      Synonyms: 烤 (kǎo), 燒 / 烧 (shāo)
      火鴨／火鸭 [Cantonese]  ―  fo2 aap3 [Jyutping]  ―  roasted duck

    Synonyms

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    Dialectal synonyms of 火 (“fire”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 火
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 火
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 火
    Taiwan 火
    Chengde 火
    Chifeng 火
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 火
    Heihe 火
    Qiqihar 火
    Harbin 火
    Jiamusi 火
    Baicheng 火
    Changchun 火
    Tonghua 火
    Shenyang 火
    Jinzhou 火
    Singapore 火
    Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 火
    Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 火
    Tangshan 火
    Cangzhou 火
    Baoding 火
    Shijiazhuang 火
    Lijin 火
    Jinan 火
    Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 火
    Dandong 火
    Yantai 火
    Qingdao 火
    Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 火
    Jining 火
    Wanrong 火
    Linfen 火
    Shangqiu 火
    Yuanyang 火
    Xinyang 火
    Baihe 火
    Xi'an 火
    Baoji 火
    Tianshui 火
    Xining 火
    Xuzhou 火
    Fuyang 火
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 火
    Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 火
    Lanzhou 火
    Dunhuang 火
    Hami 火
    Ürümqi 火
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 火
    Nanchong 火
    Dazhou 火
    Hanyuan 火
    Xichang 火
    Zigong 火
    Chongqing 火
    Wuhan 火
    Yichang 火
    Xiangyang 火
    Tianmen 火
    Guiyang 火
    Zunyi 火
    Bijie 火
    Liping 火
    Zhaotong 火
    Dali 火
    Kunming 火
    Mengzi 火
    Guilin 火
    Liuzhou 火
    Jishou 火
    Changde 火
    Hanzhong 火
    Dagudi (Maliba) 火
    Reshuitang (Longling) 火
    Mae Salong (Lancang) 火
    Mae Sai (Tengchong) 火
    Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 火
    Yangzhou 火
    Lianyungang 火
    Lianshui 火
    Nantong 火
    Anqing 火
    Zongyang 火
    Wuhu 火
    Hefei 火
    Hong'an 火
    Jinhua (Shuiduiji) 火
    Cantonese Guangzhou 火
    Hong Kong 火
    Taishan (Guanghai) 火
    Wuzhou 火
    Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 火
    Beihai 火
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 火
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 火
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 火
    Sanya (Yanglan; Maihua) 火
    Singapore (Guangfu) 火
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 火
    Móng Cái 火
    Mandalay (Taishan) 火
    Gan Nanchang 火
    Hakka Meixian 火
    Changting 火
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 火
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 火
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 火
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 火
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 火
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 火
    Huizhou Jixi 火
    Shexian 火
    Jin Taiyuan 火
    Yangyuan 火
    Datong 火
    Xinzhou 火
    Lüliang (Lishi) 火
    Changzhi 火
    Linhe 火
    Hohhot 火
    Baotou 火
    Erenhot 火
    Pingshan 火
    Zhangjiakou 火
    Handan 火
    Linzhou 火
    Suide 火
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 火
    Southern Min Xiamen 火
    Quanzhou 火
    Zhangzhou 火
    Tainan 火
    Singapore (Hokkien) 火
    Manila (Hokkien) 火
    Leizhou 火
    Wu Shanghai (Chongming) 火
    Suzhou 火
    Hangzhou 火
    Hangzhou (Fuyang) 火
    Shaoxing 火
    Wenzhou 火
    Jinhua 火
    Xiang Changsha 火
    Xiangxiang 火
    Loudi 火
    Hengyang 火
    Dialectal synonyms of 燈 (“lamp; light”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 燈
    Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 燈
    Malaysia 燈
    Singapore 燈
    Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 燈
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 燈
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 亮
    Guilin 燈
    Cantonese Guangzhou 燈
    Hong Kong 燈
    Taishan 燈, 火
    Singapore (Guangfu) 燈, 火
    Gan Nanchang 燈
    Hakka Meixian 燈
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 燈, 火
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 燈, 火
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 燈, 火
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 燈, 火
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 燈, 火
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 燈, 火
    Kuching (Hepo) 燈
    Jin Taiyuan 燈
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 燈
    Southern Min Xiamen 燈
    Penang (Hokkien) 燈, 火
    Singapore (Hokkien) 火
    Manila (Hokkien) 火, 燈
    Singapore (Teochew) 火, 燈
    Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 燈
    Wu Suzhou 燈
    Ningbo 燈, 亮 dated
    Wenzhou 燈
    Xiang Changsha 燈, 亮
    Xiangxiang 燈
    Dialectal synonyms of 瓦特 (“watt”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 瓦特, 瓦
    Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 瓦
    Southwestern Mandarin Wuhan 支光
    Guiyang 支光, 瓦
    Guilin 瓦
    Dagudi (Maliba) 瓦
    Reshuitang (Longling) 瓦
    Mae Salong (Lancang) 瓦
    Mae Sai (Tengchong) 瓦
    Cantonese Guangzhou 火, 𡆇
    Hong Kong 火, 𡆇
    Taishan (Guanghai) 瓦
    Beihai 瓦
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 瓦, 火
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 瓦
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 瓦
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 瓦
    Móng Cái 瓦
    Mandalay (Taishan) 度
    Hakka Meixian 𡆇
    Southern Min Shantou 瓦
    Wu Hangzhou 支光
    Ningbo 支光
    • (internal heat (traditional Chinese medicine)):

    Compounds

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    Descendants

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    Sino-Xenic (火):
    • → Japanese: 火(か) (ka)
    • → Korean: 화(火) (hwa)
    • → Vietnamese: hoả (火)

    References

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    火

    (First grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

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    • Go-on: か (ka, Jōyō)←くわ (kwa, historical)
    • Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)←くわ (kwa, historical)
    • Tō-on: こ (ko)
    • Kun: ひ (hi, 火, Jōyō)、ほ (ho, 火, Jōyō †)

    Compounds

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    Compounds

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
    火 (hi, ho, ka): fire.
    Kanji in this term
    火
    ひ
    Grade: 1
    kun'yomi

    ⟨pi2⟩ → */pʷɨ/ → /ɸi/ → /hi/

    From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *poy.

    Apophonic form of ho (see below). Compare 木 (ki, ko-, “tree”).

    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

    [edit]

    火(ひ) • (hi) 

    1. a fire:
      1. a flame
        ストーブの火(ひ)を消(け)してください。
        Sutōbu no hi o keshite kudasai.
        Please put out the stove’s fire.
        キャンプで火(ひ)を囲(かこ)んで話(はなし)をした。
        Kyanpu de hi o kakonde hanashi o shita.
        We sat around the fire at the camp and talked.
        Synonyms: 火気 (kaki), ファイア (faia), 炎 (honō)
      2. cooking fire
        料理(りょうり)で火(ひ)を使(つか)って野菜(やさい)を炒(いた)める。
        Ryōri de hi o tsukatte yasai o itameru.
        I use a cooking fire to stir-fry vegetables.
      3. a firestarter
        キャンプで着火具(ちゃっかぐ)の火(ひ)をつけて、テントを建(た)てた。
        Kyanpu de chakkagu no hi o tsukete, tento o tateta.
        I lit the firestarter’s fire at the campsite to set up the tent.
      4. sparks
        工具(こうぐ)を使(つか)うと金属(きんぞく)が当(あ)たり、火花(ひばな)が散(ち)った。
        Kōgu o tsukau to kinzoku ga atari, hibana ga chitta.
        When I used the tool, the metal struck and sparks flew.
      5. light (matches or lighter)
        火(ひ)を貸(か)してもらえる？
        Hi o kashite moraeru?
        Can I borrow a light?
      6. heat
        ボイラーを強(つよ)く加熱(かねつ)しすぎると、火熱(かねつ)によってシステムが故障(こしょう)する。
        Boirā o tsuyoku kanetsu shisugiru to, kanetsu ni yotte shisutemu ga koshō suru.
        If the boiler is overheated, the heat will damage the system.
        Synonyms: 火熱 (kanetsu), 熱 (netsu)
      7. a conflagration
        住宅街(じゅうたくがい)で大(おお)きな火災(かさい)が起(お)こり、多(おお)くの家(いえ)が焼(や)けた。
        Jūtakugai de ōkina kasai ga okori, ōku no ie ga yaketa.
        A large conflagration broke out in the residential area and many homes were burned down.
        Synonyms: 火災 (kasai), 火事 (kaji)
      8. a signal fire
        Synonym: 狼煙 (noroshi)
        山(やま)の頂(いただき)で狼煙(のろし)を上(あ)げ、村(むら)に異変(いへん)を伝(つた)えた。
        Yama no itadaki de noroshi o age, mura ni ihen o tsutaeta.
        They lit a signal fire on the mountain peak to alert the village to the emergency.
    2. (by extension) a light
      1. 深夜(しんや)の森(もり)の中(なか)、彼女(かのじょ)はポケットの火(ひ)を揉(も)みしだいて、ほんの少(すこ)しの光(ひかり)を得(え)た。
        Shin'ya no mori no naka, kanojo wa poketto no hi o momishidaite, honno sukoshi no hikari o eta.
        In the middle of the forest at midnight, she rubbed her pocket light to get a little bit of illumination.
    3. a burning passion
      1. 彼(かれ)の研究(けんきゅう)に対(たい)する火(ひ)は、夜遅(よるおそ)くまでラボに彼(かれ)を留(と)めた。
        Kare no kenkyū nitaisuru hi wa, yoruosoku made rabo ni kare o tometa.
        His burning passion for research kept him in the lab until late at night.
    4. menstruation
      1. 毎月(まいつき)、彼女(かのじょ)は火(ひ)が来(く)ると生理痛(せいりつう)に苦(くる)しむ。
        Maitsuki, kanojo wa hi ga kuru to seiritsū ni kurushimu.
        Every month, when her period comes, she suffers from menstrual cramps.
      Synonym: 月経 (gekkei)


    Derived terms
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    Derived terms
    Idioms
    [edit]

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

    Kanji in this term
    火
    ほ
    Grade: 1
    kun'yomi

    /po/ → /ɸo/ → /ho/

    From Old Japanese.[1]

    Combining form of hi above. Probably the oldest form, possibly cognate with Korean 불 (bul, “fire”).

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    火(ほ) • (ho) 

    1. a fire
    Derived terms
    [edit]
    Derived terms

    Etymology 3

    [edit]

    火 (ka): fire in the Wuxing (Chinese philosophy) system
    火 (Ka): Antares in the Scorpio constellation
    Kanji in this term
    火
    か
    Grade: 1
    on'yomi

    /kwa/ → /ka/

    From Middle Chinese 火 (MC xwaX).[1]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    火(か) • (ka) ←くわ (kwa)?

    1. a fire
    2. one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine: see Wu Xing on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
    3. (historical) under the old 律令 (Ritsuryō) system of ancient Japan, a military grouping, consisting of 10 soldiers: a squad
      Synonym: 分隊 (buntai)
    4. short for 火曜日 (kayōbi): Tuesday
    Derived terms
    [edit]

    Affix

    [edit]

    火(か) • (ka) ←くわ (kwa)?

    1. fire
    2. light
    3. burning
    4. passion
    5. imminently
    6. explosive

    Proper noun

    [edit]

    火(か) • (Ka) ←くわ (Kwa)?

    1. Antares, in the constellation Scorpio
      Synonyms: アンタレス (Antaresu), 大火 (Taika)

    References

    [edit]
    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    From Middle Chinese 火 (MC xwaX).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 황〯 (Yale: hwǎ)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 블〮 (Yale: púl) 화〯 (Yale: hwǎ)

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    • (in {{ko-l|1=화요|2=火曜}}):
    • (fire; anger; etc.):
      • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɸwa̠(ː)]
      • Phonetic hangul: [화(ː)]
        • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja

    [edit]
    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    火 (eumhun 불 화 (bul hwa))

    1. hanja form? of 화 (“fire; heat”) [affix]
    2. hanja form? of 화 (“anger”) [noun]
    3. hanja form? of 화 (“(as an abbreviation) Mars”)
    4. hanja form? of 화 (“short for 화요일(火曜日) (hwayoil, “Tuesday”)”)

    Compounds

    [edit]
    Compounds

    References

    [edit]
    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    Old Japanese

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    From Proto-Japonic *poy.

    Apophonic form of po1 (see below).

    Compare the development of 木 (ki2, ko2-, “tree”).

    Noun

    [edit]

    火 (pi2) (kana ひ)

    1. a fire
    2. (by extension) a light
    Derived terms
    [edit]
    Descendants
    [edit]

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

    Combining form of pi2 above, probably the older form.

    Noun

    [edit]

    火 (po1 → po) (kana ほ)

    1. a fire
    Derived terms
    [edit]
    Descendants
    [edit]
    • Japanese: 火 (ho)

    Etymology 3

    [edit]

    Appears in only one poem in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as a compound, see derived term 葦火 (asipu).

    According to Vovin (2011) p. 222, this is the vowel raising of the nucleus of Proto-Japonic *poy to *puy, followed by deletion of the *-y consonant.

    Noun

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    火 (pu) (kana ふ)

    1. (regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) a fire
    Derived terms
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    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    火: Hán Việt readings: hỏa/hoả[1][2][3]
    火: Nôm readings: hỏa/hoả[2][3][4][5], ỏa/oả[1]

    1. chữ Hán form of hoả (“fire”)

    Compounds

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    References

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    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
    4. ^ Bonet (1899).
    5. ^ Génibrel (1898).
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=火&oldid=85447569"