火

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火 U+706B, 火
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-706B
← 灪
[U+706A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 灬 →
[U+706C]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
火-order.gif

Alternative forms[edit]

  • 灬 (when used as a bottom Chinese radical)

Han character[edit]

Commons-logo.svg
See images of
Radical 86 火

火 (radical 86, 火+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 火 (F), four-corner 90800, composition ⿻⿰丿丿人(GJKV) or ⿻丷人(HT))

  1. Kangxi radical #86, ⽕.

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 665, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18850
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1073, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2187, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+706B

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 火

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 火
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
火-oracle.svg 火-bronze.svg 火-bronze-spring.svg 火-silk.svg 火-slip.svg 火-seal.svg 火-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (火) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
火 *qʰʷaːlʔ
邩 *qʰʷaːlʔ
伙 *qʰʷaːlʔ

Pictogram (象形) – pictographic representation of a fire.

Etymology[edit]

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mej.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • huōi - colloquial;
  • huō - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • hé/hér/hóe - vernacular;
    • hóⁿ - literary.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 火
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
    Final (韻) 戈 (95)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 呼果切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/huɑX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/huɑX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xuɑX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/hwaX/
    Li
    Rong         		/xuɑX/
    Wang
    Li         		/xuɑX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/xuɑX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		huǒ
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 火
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		huǒ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xwaX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[qʷʰ]ˁəjʔ/
    English fire

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 火
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 5540
    Phonetic
    component         		火
    Rime
    group         		歌
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		火
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰʷaːlʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    火

    1. fire; flame
    2. fire (as a disaster); inferno
    3. red; fiery; bright; brilliant
    4. to burn down
    5. light; torch
    6. anger; rage; wrath
    7. to become enraged
    8. angry; furious
    9. (traditional Chinese medicine) internal heat
    10. firearm; ammunition; weapon
    11. war; warfare
    12. thriving; brisk
    13. urgent; pressing
    14. (neologism) to become popular; to go viral
    15. (Cantonese) watt (unit of power)
      Synonyms: 瓦特 (wǎtè), 瓦 (wǎ)
      20火數嘅燈膽 / 20火数嘅灯胆 [Cantonese]  ―  20 fo2 sou3 ge3 dang1 daam2 [Jyutping]  ―  20-watt lightbulb
    16. Short for 火星 (Huǒxīng, “Mars”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 火

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (火):
    • Japanese: 火 (か) (ka)
    • Korean: 화 (火, hwa)
    • Vietnamese: hoả (火)

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    火

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. fire
    2. light
    3. burning
    4. passion
    5. imminently
    6. explosive

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
    火 (hi, ho, fu, ka): fire.
    Kanji in this term
    火
    ひ
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    ⟨hi2⟩ → */pɨ/ → */fɨ/ → /fi/ → /hi/

    From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *poy.

    Apophonic form of ho (see below), possibly by fusion with emphatic particle い (i). Compare the development of 木 (ko → ki, “tree”).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    火 (hiragana ひ, rōmaji hi)

    1. term relating to fire:
      1. a flame
        Synonyms: 火気 (kaki), ファイア (faia), 炎 (honō)
      2. cooking fire
      3. a firestarter
      4. sparks
      5. heat
        Synonyms: 火熱 (kanetsu), 熱 (netsu)
      6. a conflagration
        Synonyms: 火災 (kasai), 火事 (kaji)
      7. a signal fire
        Synonym: 狼煙 (noroshi)
    2. (by extension) a light
    3. a burning passion
    4. menstruation
      Synonym: 月経 (gekkei)
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms
    Idioms[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    火
    ほ
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    /po/ → /fo/ → /ho/

    From Old Japanese.[1]

    Combining form of hi (see above). Probably the oldest form, possibly cognate with Korean 불 (bul, “fire”).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    火 (hiragana ほ, rōmaji ho)

    1. a fire
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    火
    ふ
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    /pu/ → /fu/

    From Old Japanese. Ancient dialect form in eastern Japan,[1] attested in only one source (see derivative term 葦火 (ashifu)).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    火 (hiragana ふ, rōmaji fu)

    1. (regional) a fire
    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 4[edit]

    火（か）: fire in the Wu Xing system
    火（か）: Antares in the Scorpio constellation
    Kanji in this term
    火
    か
    Grade: 1
    on’yomi

    /kwa/ → /ka/

    From Middle Chinese 火 (MC huɑX).[1]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    火 (hiragana か, rōmaji ka, historical hiragana くわ)

    1. a fire
    2. one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine: see Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg Wu Xing on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
    3. under the old Ritsuryō system of ancient Japan, a military grouping, consisting of 10 soldiers: a squad
      Synonym: 分隊 (buntai)

    Proper noun[edit]

    火 (hiragana か, rōmaji Ka, historical hiragana くわ)

    1. Tuesday
      Synonyms: 火曜 (Kayō), 火曜日 (Kayōbi)
    2. Antares, in the constellation Scorpio
      Synonym: アンタレス (Antaresu)

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    火 (eumhun 불 화 (bul hwa))

    1. fire

    Compounds[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    火 • (hwa) (hangeul 화)

    1. fire
    2. anger
    3. (as an abbreviation) Tuesday

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (Tuesday): 화요일 (hwayoil, “Tuesday”)

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    火: Hán Việt readings: hỏa/hoả[1][2][3]
    火: Nôm readings: hỏa/hoả[2][3][4][5], ỏa/oả[1]

    1. Hán tự form of hoả (“fire”).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
    4. ^ Bonet (1899).
    5. ^ Génibrel (1898).
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