火

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火 U+706B, 火
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-706B
← 灪
[U+706A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 灬 →
[U+706C]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
火-order.gif

Alternative forms[edit]

  • 灬 (when used as a bottom Chinese radical)

Han character[edit]

Stroke order
4 strokes
Commons-logo.svg
See images of
Radical 86 火

火 (radical 86, 火+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 火 (F), four-corner 90800, composition ⿻⿰丿丿人(GJKV) or ⿻丷人(HT))

  1. Kangxi radical #86, ⽕.

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 665, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18850
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1073, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2187, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+706B

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 火

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 火
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
火-oracle.svg 火-bronze.svg 火-bronze-spring.svg 火-silk.svg 火-slip.svg 火-seal.svg 火-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (火) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
火 *qʰʷaːlʔ
邩 *qʰʷaːlʔ
伙 *qʰʷaːlʔ

Pictogram (象形) – pictographic representation of a fire.

Etymology[edit]

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mej (Schuessler 2007; STEDT). However, see there for phonological problems.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • huōi - colloquial;
  • huō - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • hé/hér/hóe - vernacular;
    • hóⁿ - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    Rime
    Character 火
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
    Final (韻) 戈 (95)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 呼果切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/huɑX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/huɑX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xuɑX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/hwaX/
    Li
    Rong         		/xuɑX/
    Wang
    Li         		/xuɑX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/xuɑX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		huǒ
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 火
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		huǒ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xwaX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[qʷʰ]ˁəjʔ/
    English fire

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 火
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 5540
    Phonetic
    component         		火
    Rime
    group         		歌
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		火
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰʷaːlʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    火

    1. fire; flame
    2. fire (as a disaster); inferno
    3. red; fiery; bright; brilliant
    4. to burn down
    5. light; torch
    6. anger; rage; wrath
    7. to become enraged
    8. angry; furious
    9. (traditional Chinese medicine) internal heat
    10. firearm; ammunition; weapon
    11. war; warfare
    12. thriving; brisk
    13. urgent; pressing
    14. (neologism) to become popular; to go viral
    15. (Cantonese) watt (unit of power)
      Synonyms: 瓦特 (wǎtè), 瓦 (wǎ)
      20火嘅燈膽 / 20火嘅灯胆 [Cantonese]  ―  20 fo2 ge3 dang1 daam2 [Jyutping]  ―  20-watt lightbulb
    16. Short for 火星 (Huǒxīng, “Mars”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 火

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (火):
    • → Japanese: 火(か) (ka)
    • → Korean: 화 (火, hwa)
    • → Vietnamese: hoả (火)

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    火

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
    火 (hi, ho, ka): fire.
    Kanji in this term
    火
    ひ
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    ⟨pi2⟩ → */pʷɨ/ → /ɸi/ → /hi/

    From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *poy.

    Apophonic form of ho (see below), possibly by fusion with emphatic particle い (i). Compare the development of 木 (ko → ki, “tree”).

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    火(ひ) • (hi) 

    1. term relating to fire:
      1. a flame
        Synonyms: 火気 (kaki), ファイア (faia), 炎 (honō)
      2. cooking fire
      3. a firestarter
      4. sparks
      5. heat
        Synonyms: 火熱 (kanetsu), 熱 (netsu)
      6. a conflagration
        Synonyms: 火災 (kasai), 火事 (kaji)
      7. a signal fire
        Synonym: 狼煙 (noroshi)
    2. (by extension) a light
    3. a burning passion
    4. menstruation
      Synonym: 月経 (gekkei)
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms
    Idioms[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    火
    ほ
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    /po/ → /ɸo/ → /ho/

    From Old Japanese.[1]

    Combining form of hi above. Probably the oldest form, possibly cognate with Korean 불 (bul, “fire”).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    火(ほ) • (ho) 

    1. a fire
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Etymology 3[edit]

    火 (ka): fire in the Wu Xing system
    火 (Ka): Antares in the Scorpio constellation
    Kanji in this term
    火
    か
    Grade: 1
    on’yomi

    /kwa/ → /ka/

    From Middle Chinese 火 (MC huɑX).[1]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    火(か) • (ka)  (historical kana くわ)

    1. a fire
    2. one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine: see Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg Wu Xing on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
    3. (historical) under the old 律令 (Ritsuryō) system of ancient Japan, a military grouping, consisting of 10 soldiers: a squad
      Synonym: 分隊 (buntai)
    4. Short for 火曜日 (kayōbi): Tuesday
    Derived terms[edit]

    Affix[edit]

    火(か) • (ka)  (historical kana くわ)

    1. fire
    2. light
    3. burning
    4. passion
    5. imminently
    6. explosive

    Proper noun[edit]

    火(か) • (Ka)  (historical kana くわ)

    1. Antares, in the constellation Scorpio
      Synonyms: アンタレス (Antaresu), 大火 (Taika)

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    火 (eumhun 불 화 (bul hwa))

    1. fire, heat and light
    2. burning fire
    3. conflagration, fire
    4. yang (in contrast to yin), (figuratively) sun
    5. (as an abbreviation) Mars
    6. club, group, party
    7. companion
    8. an analogy of urgency
    9. to burn, set something on fire
    10. (as an abbreviation) Tuesday

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Old Japanese[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    From Proto-Japonic *poy.

    Apophonic form of po (see below), possibly by fusion with emphatic particle い (i(2)).

    Compare the development of 木 (ko2 → ki2, “tree”).

    Noun[edit]

    火 (pi2) (kana ひ)

    1. a fire
      • 711–712, Kojiki (poem 24)
        佐泥佐斯佐賀牟能袁怒邇毛由流肥能本那迦邇多知弖斗比斯岐美波母
        sanesasi Sagamu no2 wono1 ni mo1yuru pi2 no2 ponaka ni tatite to1pi1si ki1mi1 pa mo2
        (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    2. (by extension) a light
    Derived terms[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Combining form of pi2 above, probably the older form.

    Noun[edit]

    火 (po) (kana ほ)

    1. a fire
    Derived terms[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    • Japanese: 火 (ho)

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Appears in only one poem in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as a compound, see derived term 葦火 (asipu).

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Eastern OJP variant of hypothetical *⟨po2⟩?”)

    Noun[edit]

    火 (pu) (kana ふ)

    1. (regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) a fire
    Derived terms[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    火: Hán Việt readings: hỏa/hoả[1][2][3]
    火: Nôm readings: hỏa/hoả[2][3][4][5], ỏa/oả[1]

    1. Hán tự form of hoả (“fire”).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
    4. ^ Bonet (1899).
    5. ^ Génibrel (1898).
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