火

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火 U+706B, 火
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-706B
← 灪
[U+706A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 灬 →
[U+706C]
⽕ U+2F55, ⽕
KANGXI RADICAL FIRE
← ⽔
[U+2F54] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽖ →
[U+2F56]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Alternative forms[edit]

  • 灬 (when used as a bottom Chinese radical)

Han character[edit]

Stroke order
4 strokes
See images of
Radical 86 火

火 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 火 (F), four-corner 90800, composition ⿻⿰丿丿人(GJKV) or ⿻丷人(HT))

  1. Kangxi radical #86, ⽕.

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 665, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18850
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1073, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2187, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+706B

Chinese[edit]

trad. 火
simp. # 火

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 火
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (火) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
火 *qʰʷaːlʔ
邩 *qʰʷaːlʔ
伙 *qʰʷaːlʔ

Pictogram (象形) – pictographic representation of a fire.

Etymology[edit]

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mej (Schuessler 2007; STEDT). However, see there for phonological problems.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • huōi - colloquial;
  • huō - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • hé/hér/hóe - vernacular;
    • hóⁿ - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 火
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
    Final (韻) 戈 (95)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 呼果切
    Baxter xwaX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/huɑX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/huɑX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xuɑX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/hwaX/
    Li
    Rong         		/xuɑX/
    Wang
    Li         		/xuɑX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/xuɑX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		huǒ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		fo2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 火
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		huǒ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xwaX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[qʷʰ]ˁəjʔ/
    English fire

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 火
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 5540
    Phonetic
    component         		火
    Rime
    group         		歌
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		火
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰʷaːlʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    火

    1. fire; flame
      可以跟你借一個火嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
      可以跟你借一个火吗？ [MSC, simp.]
      Kěyǐ gēn nǐ jiè yīge huǒ ma? [Pinyin]
      Can I borrow a light?
    2. fire (as a disaster); inferno
    3. red; fiery; bright; brilliant
    4. to burn down
    5. light; torch
    6. (dialectal) light; lamp
    7. anger; rage; wrath
    8. to become enraged
    9. angry; furious
    10. (traditional Chinese medicine) internal heat
    11. firearm; ammunition; weapon
    12. war; warfare
    13. thriving; brisk
    14. urgent; pressing
    15. (neologism) to become popular; to go viral
    16. (neologism) to be popular; to be viral
    17. (Cantonese) watt (unit of power)
      ※Definitely, "火" here is a unit of brightness (luminous intensity). However, the brightness of a luminous device is measured in watts in life because of luminous intensity's dependence on power, which resulted in it being bonded to watt, the unit of power.
      20火嘅燈膽／20火嘅灯胆 [Cantonese]  ―  20 fo2 ge3 dang1 daam2 [Jyutping]  ―  20-watt lightbulb
    18. Short for 火星 (Huǒxīng, “Mars”).
    19. (Cantonese) roasted
      Synonyms: 烤 (kǎo), 燒／烧 (shāo)
      火鴨／火鸭 [Cantonese]  ―  fo2 aap3 [Jyutping]  ―  roasted duck

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 火 (“fire”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 火
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 火
    Mandarin Beijing 火
    Taiwan 火
    Tianjin 火
    Chengde 火
    Tangshan 火
    Cangzhou 火
    Baoding 火
    Shijiazhuang 火
    Chifeng 火
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 火
    Heihe 火
    Qiqihar 火
    Harbin 火
    Jiamusi 火
    Baicheng 火
    Changchun 火
    Tonghua 火
    Shenyang 火
    Dandong 火
    Jinzhou 火
    Dalian 火
    Yantai 火
    Qingdao 火
    Lijin 火
    Jinan 火
    Jining 火
    Wanrong 火
    Shangqiu 火
    Yuanyang 火
    Lingbao 火
    Xinyang 火
    Baihe 火
    Hanzhong 火
    Xi'an 火
    Baoji 火
    Yinchuan 火
    Tianshui 火
    Lanzhou 火
    Dunhuang 火
    Xining 火
    Hami 火
    Ürümqi 火
    Wuhan 火
    Yichang 火
    Xiangyang 火
    Tianmen 火
    Hong'an 火
    Chengdu 火
    Nanchong 火
    Dazhou 火
    Hanyuan 火
    Xichang 火
    Zigong 火
    Chongqing 火
    Guiyang 火
    Zunyi 火
    Bijie 火
    Liping 火
    Zhaotong 火
    Dali 火
    Kunming 火
    Mengzi 火
    Guilin 火
    Liuzhou 火
    Jishou 火
    Changde 火
    Anqing 火
    Xuzhou 火
    Fuyang 火
    Wuhu 火
    Yangzhou 火
    Lianyungang 火
    Lianshui 火
    Nanjing 火
    Hefei 火
    Nantong 火
    Singapore 火
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 火
    Dagudi (Maliba) 火
    Reshuitang (Longling) 火
    Mae Salong (Lancang) 火
    Mae Sai (Tengchong) 火
    Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 火
    Cantonese Guangzhou 火
    Hong Kong 火
    Taishan (Guanghai) 火
    Wuzhou 火
    Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 火
    Beihai 火
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 火
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 火
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 火
    Sanya (Yanglan Maihua) 火
    Singapore (Guangfu) 火
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 火
    Móng Cái 火
    Mandalay (Taishan) 火
    Gan Nanchang 火
    Hakka Meixian 火
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 火
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 火
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 火
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 火
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 火
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 火
    Huizhou Jixi 火
    Shexian 火
    Jin Taiyuan 火
    Yangyuan 火
    Datong 火
    Xinzhou 火
    Lishi 火
    Linfen 火
    Changzhi 火
    Linhe 火
    Hohhot 火
    Baotou 火
    Erenhot 火
    Pingshan 火
    Zhangjiakou 火
    Handan 火
    Linzhou 火
    Suide 火
    Min Dong Fuzhou 火
    Min Nan Xiamen 火
    Quanzhou 火
    Zhangzhou 火
    Tainan 火
    Singapore (Hokkien) 火
    Manila (Hokkien) 火
    Leizhou 火
    Wu Shanghai (Chongming) 火
    Suzhou 火
    Hangzhou 火
    Hangzhou (Fuyang) 火
    Shaoxing 火
    Wenzhou 火
    Jinhua 火
    Xiang Changsha 火
    Xiangxiang 火
    Loudi 火
    Dialectal synonyms of 燈 (“lamp; light”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 燈
    Mandarin Taiwan 燈
    Xi'an 燈
    Chengdu 亮
    Guilin 燈
    Malaysia 火, 燈
    Singapore 燈
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 燈
    Cantonese Guangzhou 燈
    Hong Kong 燈
    Taishan 燈, 火
    Singapore (Guangfu) 燈, 火
    Gan Nanchang 燈
    Hakka Meixian 燈
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 燈, 火
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 燈, 火
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 燈, 火
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 燈, 火
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 燈, 火
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 燈, 火
    Jin Taiyuan 燈
    Min Dong Fuzhou 燈
    Min Nan Xiamen 燈
    Penang (Hokkien) 燈, 火
    Singapore (Hokkien) 火
    Manila (Hokkien) 火, 燈
    Singapore (Teochew) 火, 燈
    Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 燈
    Wu Suzhou 燈
    Ningbo 燈, 亮 dated
    Wenzhou 燈
    Xiang Changsha 燈, 亮
    Xiangxiang 燈
    Dialectal synonyms of 瓦特 (“watt”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 瓦特, 瓦
    Mandarin Taiwan 瓦
    Wuhan 支光
    Guiyang 支光, 瓦
    Guilin 瓦
    Dagudi (Maliba) 瓦
    Reshuitang (Longling) 瓦
    Mae Salong (Lancang) 瓦
    Mae Sai (Tengchong) 瓦
    Cantonese Guangzhou 火, 𡆇
    Hong Kong 火, 𡆇
    Taishan (Guanghai) 瓦
    Beihai 瓦
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 瓦, 火
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 瓦
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 瓦
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 瓦
    Móng Cái 瓦
    Mandalay (Taishan) 度
    Hakka Meixian 𡆇
    Min Nan Shantou 瓦
    Wu Hangzhou 支光
    Ningbo 支光
    • (internal heat (traditional Chinese medicine)):
    edit

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (火):
    • → Japanese: 火(か) (ka)
    • → Korean: 화(火) (hwa)
    • → Vietnamese: hoả (火)

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    火

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
    火 (hi, ho, ka): fire.
    Kanji in this term
    火
    ひ
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    ⟨pi2⟩ → */pʷɨ/ → /ɸi/ → /hi/

    From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *poy.

    Apophonic form of ho (see below), possibly by fusion with emphatic particle い (i). Compare the development of 木 (ko → ki, “tree”).

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    火(ひ) • (hi) 

    1. term relating to fire:
      1. a flame
        Synonyms: 火気 (kaki), ファイア (faia), 炎 (honō)
      2. cooking fire
      3. a firestarter
      4. sparks
      5. light (matches or lighter)
        火(ひ)を貸(か)してもらえる？
        Hi o kashite moraeru?
        Can I borrow a light?
      6. heat
        Synonyms: 火熱 (kanetsu), 熱 (netsu)
      7. a conflagration
        Synonyms: 火災 (kasai), 火事 (kaji)
      8. a signal fire
        Synonym: 狼煙 (noroshi)
    2. (by extension) a light
    3. a burning passion
    4. menstruation
      Synonym: 月経 (gekkei)
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms
    Idioms[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    火
    ほ
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    /po/ → /ɸo/ → /ho/

    From Old Japanese.[1]

    Combining form of hi above. Probably the oldest form, possibly cognate with Korean 불 (bul, “fire”).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    火(ほ) • (ho) 

    1. a fire
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Etymology 3[edit]

    火 (ka): fire in the Wu Xing system
    火 (Ka): Antares in the Scorpio constellation
    Kanji in this term
    火
    か
    Grade: 1
    on’yomi

    /kwa/ → /ka/

    From Middle Chinese 火 (MC huɑX).[1]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    火(か) • (ka) ←くわ (kwa)?

    1. a fire
    2. one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine: see Wu Xing on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
    3. (historical) under the old 律令 (Ritsuryō) system of ancient Japan, a military grouping, consisting of 10 soldiers: a squad
      Synonym: 分隊 (buntai)
    4. Short for 火曜日 (kayōbi): Tuesday
    Derived terms[edit]

    Affix[edit]

    火(か) • (ka) ←くわ (kwa)?

    1. fire
    2. light
    3. burning
    4. passion
    5. imminently
    6. explosive

    Proper noun[edit]

    火(か) • (Ka) ←くわ (kwa)?

    1. Antares, in the constellation Scorpio
      Synonyms: アンタレス (Antaresu), 大火 (Taika)

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 火 (MC huɑX).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 황〯 (Yale: hwǎ)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 블〮 (Yale: púl) 화〯 (Yale: hwǎ)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • (in ⦃⦃ko-l¦화요¦火曜⦄⦄):
    • (fire; anger; etc.):
      • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɸwa̠(ː)]
      • Phonetic hangul: [화(ː)]
        • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    火 (eumhun 불 화 (bul hwa))

    1. Hanja form? of 화 (“fire; heat”). [affix]
    2. Hanja form? of 화 (“anger”). [noun]
    3. Hanja form? of 화 (“(as an abbreviation) Mars”).
    4. Hanja form? of 화 (“Short for 화요일(火曜日) (hwayoil, “Tuesday”).”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Old Japanese[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    From Proto-Japonic *poy.

    Apophonic form of po (see below), possibly by fusion with emphatic particle い (i2).

    Compare the development of 木 (ko2 → ki2, “tree”).

    Noun[edit]

    火 (pi2) (kana ひ)

    1. a fire
      • 711–712, Kojiki (poem 24)
        佐泥佐斯佐賀牟能袁怒邇毛由流肥能本那迦邇多知弖斗比斯岐美波母
        sanesasi Sagamu no2 wono1 ni mo1yuru pi2 no2 ponaka ni tatite to1pi1si ki1mi1 pa mo2
        (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    2. (by extension) a light
    Derived terms[edit]
    Descendants[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Combining form of pi2 above, probably the older form.

    Noun[edit]

    火 (po) (kana ほ)

    1. a fire
    Derived terms[edit]
    Descendants[edit]
    • Japanese: 火 (ho)

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Appears in only one poem in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as a compound, see derived term 葦火 (asipu).

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Eastern OJP variant of hypothetical *⟨po2⟩?”)

    Noun[edit]

    火 (pu) (kana ふ)

    1. (regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) a fire
    Derived terms[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    火: Hán Việt readings: hỏa/hoả[1][2][3]
    火: Nôm readings: hỏa/hoả[2][3][4][5], ỏa/oả[1]

    1. chữ Hán form of hoả (“fire”).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
    4. ^ Bonet (1899).
    5. ^ Génibrel (1898).
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