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From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
U+706B, 火
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-706B

[U+706A]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+706C]
U+2F55, ⽕
KANGXI RADICAL FIRE

[U+2F54]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F56]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Alternative forms

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  • (when used as a bottom Chinese radical)

Han character

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Stroke order
4 strokes

(Kangxi radical 86, +0, 4 strokes, cangjie input (F), four-corner 90800, composition ⿻⿰丿丿(GJKV) or (HT))

  1. Kangxi radical #86, .

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 665, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18850
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1073, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2187, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+706B

Chinese

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trad.
simp. #

Glyph origin

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Pictogram (象形) – pictographic representation of a fire. Written as when at the bottom of a character, but still seen in the original form in the character .

See also the top component of in its original form and the bottom part of .

Etymology

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    Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *məj (Schuessler 2007; STEDT). However, see there for phonological problems.

    Sagart & Baxter (2024) update its Old Chinese pronunciation to (OC *X.pˤərʔ) (whence MC xwaXhuǒ) and propose alternative cognacy to (OC *X.pər(ʔ)-s) (whence MC xwijH), both being prefixed by unknown element X- which turned the labial plosive *p(ʰ)- into the fricative *xw-; moreover, both are cognates to (OC *sə-pˤər(ʔ)-s) (whence MC senXxiǎn). They also propose that aforesaid Chinese words are cognates to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *par (i.e. STEDT Etymon #2152 *bʷar ~ *pʷar (fire; burn; kindle; roast), see there for descendants) as well as Proto-Austronesian *dapuʀ (cooking fire, hearth).

    Pronunciation

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    Note:
    • huōi - colloquial;
    • huō - literary.
    Note:
    • huei3 - vernacular;
    • hor3 - literary.
    Note:
    • hé/hér/hóe - vernacular;
    • hóⁿ - literary.
    Note:
    • hue2 - vernacular;
    • ho2 - literary.

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (32)
    Final () (95)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter xwaX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /huɑX/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /huɑX/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /xuɑX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /hwaX/
    Li
    Rong
    /xuɑX/
    Wang
    Li
    /xuɑX/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren
    /xuɑX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    huǒ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    fo2
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    huǒ
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ xwaX ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[qʷʰ]ˁəjʔ/
    English fire

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 5540
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*qʰʷaːlʔ/

    Definitions

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    1. fire; flame
      可以一個 [MSC, trad.]
      可以一个 [MSC, simp.]
      Kěyǐ gēn nǐ jiè yīge huǒ ma? [Pinyin]
      Can I borrow a light?
    2. fire (as a disaster); inferno
    3. red; fiery; bright; brilliant
    4. to burn down
    5. light; torch
    6. (dialectal) light; lamp
    7. anger; rage; wrath
    8. to become enraged
    9. angry; furious
    10. (traditional Chinese medicine) internal heat
        ―  shànghuǒ  ―  inflammation
    11. firearm; ammunition; weapon
    12. war; warfare
    13. thriving; brisk
    14. urgent; pressing
    15. (neologism) to become popular; to go viral
    16. (neologism) to be popular; to be viral
        ―  cǐ tiě bì huǒ  ―  This post will definitely go viral
    17. (Cantonese) watt (unit of power)
      Definitely, "火" here is a unit of brightness (luminous intensity). However, the brightness of a luminous device is measured in watts in life because of luminous intensity's dependence on power, which resulted in it being bonded to watt, the unit of power.
      20燈膽20灯胆 [Cantonese]  ―  20 fo2 ge3 dang1 daam2 [Jyutping]  ―  20-watt lightbulb
    18. short for 火星 (Huǒxīng, “Mars”)
    19. (Cantonese) roasted
      Synonyms: (kǎo),  / (shāo)
      [Cantonese]  ―  fo2 aap3 [Jyutping]  ―  roasted duck

    Synonyms

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    • (internal heat (traditional Chinese medicine)):

    Compounds

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    Descendants

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    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: () (ka)
    • Korean: 화(火) (hwa)
    • Vietnamese: hoả ()

    References

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    (First grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

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    • Go-on: (ka, Jōyō)くわ (kwa, historical)
    • Kan-on: (ka, Jōyō)くわ (kwa, historical)
    • Tō-on: (ko)
    • Kun: (hi, , Jōyō) (ho, , Jōyō )

    Compounds

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    Etymology 1

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    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
    (hi, ho, ka): fire.
    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 1
    kun'yomi

    ⟨pi2 → */pʷɨ//ɸi//hi/

    From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *poy.

    Apophonic form of ho (see below). Compare (ki, ko-, tree).

    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    () (hi

    1. a fire:
      1. a flame
        ストーブ()()してください。
        Sutōbu no hi o keshite kudasai.
        Please put out the stove’s fire.
        キャンプ()(かこ)んで(はなし)をした。
        Kyanpu de hi o kakonde hanashi o shita.
        We sat around the fire at the camp and talked.
        Synonyms: 火気 (kaki), ファイア (faia), (honō)
      2. cooking fire
        料理(りょうり)()使(つか)って野菜(やさい)(いた)める
        Ryōri de hi o tsukatte yasai o itameru.
        I use a cooking fire to stir-fry vegetables.
      3. a firestarter
        キャンプ着火具(ちゃっかぐ)()をつけて、テントを()てた。
        Kyanpu de chakkagu no hi o tsukete, tento o tateta.
        I lit the firestarter’s fire at the campsite to set up the tent.
      4. sparks
        工具(こうぐ)使(つか)うと金属(きんぞく)()たり、火花(ひばな)()った。
        Kōgu o tsukau to kinzoku ga atari, hibana ga chitta.
        When I used the tool, the metal struck and sparks flew.
      5. light (matches or lighter)
        ()()してもらえる?
        Hi o kashite moraeru?
        Can I borrow a light?
      6. heat
        ボイラー(つよ)加熱(かねつ)しすぎると、火熱(かねつ)によってシステム故障(こしょう)する。
        Boirā o tsuyoku kanetsu shisugiru to, kanetsu ni yotte shisutemu ga koshō suru.
        If the boiler is overheated, the heat will damage the system.
        Synonyms: 火熱 (kanetsu), (netsu)
      7. a conflagration
        住宅街(じゅうたくがい)(おお)きな火災(かさい)()こり、(おお)くの(いえ)()けた。
        Jūtakugai de ōkina kasai ga okori, ōku no ie ga yaketa.
        A large conflagration broke out in the residential area and many homes were burned down.
        Synonyms: 火災 (kasai), 火事 (kaji)
      8. a signal fire
        Synonym: 狼煙 (noroshi)
        (やま)(いただき)狼煙(のろし)()げ、(むら)異変(いへん)(つた)えた。
        Yama no itadaki de noroshi o age, mura ni ihen o tsutaeta.
        They lit a signal fire on the mountain peak to alert the village to the emergency.
    2. (by extension) a light
      1. 深夜(しんや)(もり)(なか)彼女(かのじょ)ポケット()()みしだいて、ほんの(すこ)しの(ひかり)()た。
        Shin'ya no mori no naka, kanojo wa poketto no hi o momishidaite, honno sukoshi no hikari o eta.
        In the middle of the forest at midnight, she rubbed her pocket light to get a little bit of illumination.
    3. a burning passion
      1. (かれ)研究(けんきゅう)(たい)する()は、夜遅(よるおそ)までラボ(かれ)()めた。
        Kare no kenkyū nitaisuru hi wa, yoruosoku made rabo ni kare o tometa.
        His burning passion for research kept him in the lab until late at night.
    4. menstruation
      1. 毎月(まいつき)彼女(かのじょ)()()ると生理痛(せいりつう)(くる)しむ。
        Maitsuki, kanojo wa hi ga kuru to seiritsū ni kurushimu.
        Every month, when her period comes, she suffers from menstrual cramps.
      Synonym: 月経 (gekkei)


    Derived terms
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    Idioms
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    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 1
    kun'yomi

    /po//ɸo//ho/

    From Old Japanese.[1]

    Combining form of hi above. Probably the oldest form, possibly cognate with Korean (bul, fire).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    () (ho

    1. a fire
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 3

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    (ka): fire in the Wuxing (Chinese philosophy) system
    (Ka): Antares in the Scorpio constellation
    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 1
    on'yomi

    /kwa//ka/

    From Middle Chinese (MC xwaX).[1]

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    () (kaくわ (kwa)?

    1. a fire
    2. one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine: see Wu Xing on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
    3. (historical) under the old 律令 (Ritsuryō) system of ancient Japan, a military grouping, consisting of 10 soldiers: a squad
      Synonym: 分隊 (buntai)
    4. short for 火曜日 (kayōbi): Tuesday
    Derived terms
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    Affix

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    () (kaくわ (kwa)?

    1. fire
    2. light
    3. burning
    4. passion
    5. imminently
    6. explosive

    Proper noun

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    () (Kaくわ (Kwa)?

    1. Antares, in the constellation Scorpio
      Synonyms: アンタレス (Antaresu), 大火 (Taika)

    References

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    1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

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    Etymology

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    From Middle Chinese (MC xwaX).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 황〯 (Yale: hwǎ)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 블〮 (Yale: púl) 화〯 (Yale: hwǎ)

    Pronunciation

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    • (in {{ko-l|1=화요|2=火曜}}):
    • (fire; anger; etc.):
      • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɸwa̠(ː)]
      • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
        • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja

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    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (bul hwa))

    1. hanja form? of (fire; heat) [affix]
    2. hanja form? of (anger) [noun]
    3. hanja form? of ((as an abbreviation) Mars)
    4. hanja form? of (short for 화요일(火曜日) (hwayoil, Tuesday))

    Compounds

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    References

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    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]

    Old Japanese

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    Etymology 1

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    From Proto-Japonic *poy.

    Apophonic form of po1 (see below).

    Compare the development of (ki2, ko2-, tree).

    Noun

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    (pi2) (kana )

    1. a fire
    2. (by extension) a light
    Derived terms
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    Descendants
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    Etymology 2

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    Combining form of pi2 above, probably the older form.

    Noun

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    (po1 → po) (kana )

    1. a fire
    Derived terms
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    Descendants
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    • Japanese: (ho)

    Etymology 3

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    Appears in only one poem in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as a compound, see derived term 葦火 (asipu).

    According to Vovin (2011) p. 222, this is the vowel raising of the nucleus of Proto-Japonic *poy to *puy, followed by deletion of the *-y consonant.

    Noun

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    (pu) (kana )

    1. (regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) a fire
    Derived terms
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    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    : Hán Việt readings: hỏa/hoả[1][2][3]
    : Nôm readings: hỏa/hoả[2][3][4][5], ỏa/oả[1]

    1. chữ Hán form of hoả (fire)

    Compounds

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    References

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