火

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火 U+706B, 火
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-706B
← 灪
[U+706A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 灬 →
[U+706C]
⽕ U+2F55, ⽕
KANGXI RADICAL FIRE
← ⽔
[U+2F54] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽖ →
[U+2F56]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Alternative forms[edit]

  • 灬 (when used as a bottom Chinese radical)

Han character[edit]

Stroke order
4 strokes
See images of
Radical 86 火

火 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 火 (F), four-corner 90800, composition ⿻⿰丿丿人(GJKV) or ⿻丷人(HT))

  1. Kangxi radical #86, ⽕.

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 665, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18850
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1073, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2187, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+706B

Chinese[edit]

trad. 火
simp. # 火

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 火
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (火) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
火 *qʰʷaːlʔ
邩 *qʰʷaːlʔ
伙 *qʰʷaːlʔ

Pictogram (象形) – pictographic representation of a fire.

Etymology[edit]

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mej (Schuessler 2007; STEDT). However, see there for phonological problems.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • huōi - colloquial;
  • huō - literary.
Note:
  • hé/hér/hóe - vernacular;
  • hóⁿ - literary.
Note:
  • hue2 - vernacular;
  • ho2 - literary.
Rime
Character 火
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 呼果切
Baxter xwaX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/huɑX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/huɑX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xuɑX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/hwaX/
Li
Rong 		/xuɑX/
Wang
Li 		/xuɑX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/xuɑX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		huǒ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fo2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 火
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		huǒ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ xwaX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[qʷʰ]ˁəjʔ/
English fire

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 火
Reading # 1/1
No. 5540
Phonetic
component 		火
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		火
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰʷaːlʔ/

Definitions[edit]

火

  1. fire; flame
    可以跟你借一個火嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
    可以跟你借一个火吗？ [MSC, simp.]
    Kěyǐ gēn nǐ jiè yīge huǒ ma? [Pinyin]
    Can I borrow a light?
  2. fire (as a disaster); inferno
  3. red; fiery; bright; brilliant
  4. to burn down
  5. light; torch
  6. (dialectal) light; lamp
  7. anger; rage; wrath
  8. to become enraged
  9. angry; furious
  10. (traditional Chinese medicine) internal heat
    上火  ―  shànghuǒ  ―  inflammation
  11. firearm; ammunition; weapon
  12. war; warfare
  13. thriving; brisk
  14. urgent; pressing
  15. (neologism) to become popular; to go viral
  16. (neologism) to be popular; to be viral
    此帖必火  ―  cǐ tiě bì huǒ  ―  This post will definitely go viral
  17. (Cantonese) watt (unit of power)
    ※Definitely, "火" here is a unit of brightness (luminous intensity). However, the brightness of a luminous device is measured in watts in life because of luminous intensity's dependence on power, which resulted in it being bonded to watt, the unit of power.
    20火嘅燈膽／20火嘅灯胆 [Cantonese]  ―  20 fo2 ge3 dang1 daam2 [Jyutping]  ―  20-watt lightbulb
  18. Short for 火星 (Huǒxīng, “Mars”).
  19. (Cantonese) roasted
    Synonyms: 烤 (kǎo), 燒／烧 (shāo)
    火鴨／火鸭 [Cantonese]  ―  fo2 aap3 [Jyutping]  ―  roasted duck

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 火 (“fire”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 火
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 火
Mandarin Beijing 火
Taiwan 火
Tianjin 火
Chengde 火
Tangshan 火
Cangzhou 火
Baoding 火
Shijiazhuang 火
Chifeng 火
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 火
Heihe 火
Qiqihar 火
Harbin 火
Jiamusi 火
Baicheng 火
Changchun 火
Tonghua 火
Shenyang 火
Dandong 火
Jinzhou 火
Dalian 火
Yantai 火
Qingdao 火
Lijin 火
Jinan 火
Jining 火
Wanrong 火
Shangqiu 火
Yuanyang 火
Lingbao 火
Xinyang 火
Baihe 火
Hanzhong 火
Xi'an 火
Baoji 火
Yinchuan 火
Tianshui 火
Lanzhou 火
Dunhuang 火
Xining 火
Hami 火
Ürümqi 火
Wuhan 火
Yichang 火
Xiangyang 火
Tianmen 火
Hong'an 火
Chengdu 火
Nanchong 火
Dazhou 火
Hanyuan 火
Xichang 火
Zigong 火
Chongqing 火
Guiyang 火
Zunyi 火
Bijie 火
Liping 火
Zhaotong 火
Dali 火
Kunming 火
Mengzi 火
Guilin 火
Liuzhou 火
Jishou 火
Changde 火
Anqing 火
Xuzhou 火
Fuyang 火
Wuhu 火
Yangzhou 火
Lianyungang 火
Lianshui 火
Nanjing 火
Hefei 火
Nantong 火
Singapore 火
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 火
Dagudi (Maliba) 火
Reshuitang (Longling) 火
Mae Salong (Lancang) 火
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 火
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 火
Cantonese Guangzhou 火
Hong Kong 火
Taishan (Guanghai) 火
Wuzhou 火
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 火
Beihai 火
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 火
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 火
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 火
Sanya (Yanglan Maihua) 火
Singapore (Guangfu) 火
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 火
Móng Cái 火
Mandalay (Taishan) 火
Gan Nanchang 火
Hakka Meixian 火
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 火
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 火
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 火
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 火
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 火
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 火
Huizhou Jixi 火
Shexian 火
Jin Taiyuan 火
Yangyuan 火
Datong 火
Xinzhou 火
Lishi 火
Linfen 火
Changzhi 火
Linhe 火
Hohhot 火
Baotou 火
Erenhot 火
Pingshan 火
Zhangjiakou 火
Handan 火
Linzhou 火
Suide 火
Eastern Min Fuzhou 火
Southern Min Xiamen 火
Quanzhou 火
Zhangzhou 火
Tainan 火
Singapore (Hokkien) 火
Manila (Hokkien) 火
Leizhou 火
Wu Shanghai (Chongming) 火
Suzhou 火
Hangzhou 火
Hangzhou (Fuyang) 火
Shaoxing 火
Wenzhou 火
Jinhua 火
Xiang Changsha 火
Xiangxiang 火
Loudi 火
Hengyang 火
Dialectal synonyms of 燈 (“lamp; light”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 燈
Mandarin Taiwan 燈
Xi'an 燈
Chengdu 亮
Guilin 燈
Malaysia 火, 燈
Singapore 燈
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 燈
Cantonese Guangzhou 燈
Hong Kong 燈
Taishan 燈, 火
Singapore (Guangfu) 燈, 火
Gan Nanchang 燈
Hakka Meixian 燈
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 燈, 火
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 燈, 火
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 燈, 火
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 燈, 火
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 燈, 火
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 燈, 火
Jin Taiyuan 燈
Eastern Min Fuzhou 燈
Southern Min Xiamen 燈
Penang (Hokkien) 燈, 火
Singapore (Hokkien) 火
Manila (Hokkien) 火, 燈
Singapore (Teochew) 火, 燈
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 燈
Wu Suzhou 燈
Ningbo 燈, 亮 dated
Wenzhou 燈
Xiang Changsha 燈, 亮
Xiangxiang 燈
Dialectal synonyms of 瓦特 (“watt”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 瓦特, 瓦
Mandarin Taiwan 瓦
Wuhan 支光
Guiyang 支光, 瓦
Guilin 瓦
Dagudi (Maliba) 瓦
Reshuitang (Longling) 瓦
Mae Salong (Lancang) 瓦
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 瓦
Cantonese Guangzhou 火, 𡆇
Hong Kong 火, 𡆇
Taishan (Guanghai) 瓦
Beihai 瓦
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 瓦, 火
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 瓦
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 瓦
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 瓦
Móng Cái 瓦
Mandalay (Taishan) 度
Hakka Meixian 𡆇
Southern Min Shantou 瓦
Wu Hangzhou 支光
Ningbo 支光
  • (internal heat (traditional Chinese medicine)):

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (火):
  • → Japanese: 火(か) (ka)
  • → Korean: 화(火) (hwa)
  • → Vietnamese: hoả (火)

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

火

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
火 (hi, ho, ka): fire.
Kanji in this term
火
ひ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

⟨pi2⟩ → */pʷɨ/ → /ɸi/ → /hi/

From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *poy.

Apophonic form of ho (see below). Compare 木 (ki, ko-, “tree”).

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

火(ひ) • (hi) 

  1. a fire:
    1. a flame
      Synonyms: 火気 (kaki), ファイア (faia), 炎 (honō)
    2. cooking fire
    3. a firestarter
    4. sparks
    5. light (matches or lighter)
      火(ひ)を貸(か)してもらえる？
      Hi o kashite moraeru?
      Can I borrow a light?
    6. heat
      Synonyms: 火熱 (kanetsu), 熱 (netsu)
    7. a conflagration
      Synonyms: 火災 (kasai), 火事 (kaji)
    8. a signal fire
      Synonym: 狼煙 (noroshi)
  2. (by extension) a light
  3. a burning passion
  4. menstruation
    Synonym: 月経 (gekkei)
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Idioms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
火
ほ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

/po/ → /ɸo/ → /ho/

From Old Japanese.[1]

Combining form of hi above. Probably the oldest form, possibly cognate with Korean 불 (bul, “fire”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

火(ほ) • (ho) 

  1. a fire
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 3[edit]

火 (ka): fire in the Wu Xing system
火 (Ka): Antares in the Scorpio constellation
Kanji in this term
火
か
Grade: 1
on’yomi

/kwa/ → /ka/

From Middle Chinese 火 (MC xwaX).[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

火(か) • (ka) ←くわ (kwa)?

  1. a fire
  2. one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine: see Wu Xing on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
  3. (historical) under the old 律令 (Ritsuryō) system of ancient Japan, a military grouping, consisting of 10 soldiers: a squad
    Synonym: 分隊 (buntai)
  4. Short for 火曜日 (kayōbi): Tuesday
Derived terms[edit]

Affix[edit]

火(か) • (ka) ←くわ (kwa)?

  1. fire
  2. light
  3. burning
  4. passion
  5. imminently
  6. explosive

Proper noun[edit]

火(か) • (Ka) ←くわ (kwa)?

  1. Antares, in the constellation Scorpio
    Synonyms: アンタレス (Antaresu), 大火 (Taika)

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 火 (MC xwaX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 황〯 (Yale: hwǎ)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 블〮 (Yale: púl) 화〯 (Yale: hwǎ)

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (in ⦃⦃ko-l¦화요¦火曜⦄⦄):
  • (fire; anger; etc.):
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɸwa̠(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [화(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

火 (eumhun 불 화 (bul hwa))

  1. Hanja form? of 화 (“fire; heat”). [affix]
  2. Hanja form? of 화 (“anger”). [noun]
  3. Hanja form? of 화 (“(as an abbreviation) Mars”).
  4. Hanja form? of 화 (“Short for 화요일(火曜日) (hwayoil, “Tuesday”).”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Old Japanese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Japonic *poy.

Apophonic form of po1 (see below).

Compare the development of 木 (ki2, ko2-, “tree”).

Noun[edit]

火 (pi2) (kana ひ)

  1. a fire
  2. (by extension) a light
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Combining form of pi2 above, probably the older form.

Noun[edit]

火 (po1 → po) (kana ほ)

  1. a fire
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
  • Japanese: 火 (ho)

Etymology 3[edit]

Appears in only one poem in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as a compound, see derived term 葦火 (asipu).

According to Vovin (2011) p. 222, this is the vowel raising of the nucleus of Proto-Japonic *poy to *puy, followed by deletion of the *-y consonant.

Noun[edit]

火 (pu) (kana ふ)

  1. (regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) a fire
Derived terms[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

火: Hán Việt readings: hỏa/hoả[1][2][3]
火: Nôm readings: hỏa/hoả[2][3][4][5], ỏa/oả[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of hoả (“fire”).

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Bonet (1899).
  5. ^ Génibrel (1898).
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