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借

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 藉
借 U+501F, 借
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-501F
← 倞
[U+501E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 倠 →
[U+5020]

Translingual

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Han character

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借 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人廿日 (OTA), four-corner 24261, composition ⿰亻昔)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 108, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 781
  • Dae Jaweon: page 230, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 171, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+501F

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 借
alternative forms 𠎥
徣

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 借
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
s05790
Transcribed ancient scripts
L23875
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (昔) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
借 *ʔsjaːɡs, *ʔsjaːɡ
唶 *ʔsjaːɡs
藉 *zjaːɡs, *zjaːɡ
躤 *zjaːɡs
蜡 *zraːɡs, *sʰaːɡs
齰 *zraːɡs, *zraːɡ
醋 *sʰaːɡs
錯 *sʰaːɡs, *sʰaːɡ
措 *sʰaːɡs
厝 *sʰaːɡs, *sʰaːɡ
逪 *sʰaːɡ
剒 *sʰaːɡ
鵲 *sʰaɡ
碏 *sʰaɡ
踖 *sʰaɡ, *ʔsjaːɡ, *zjaːɡ
趞 *sʰaɡ
皵 *sʰaɡ, *sʰjaːɡ
舄 *sʰjaːɡ, *sʰaɡ, *sjaːɡ, *sjaːɡ
斮 *ʔsraɡ, *ʔsraːɡ
簎 *zraːwɢ, *sʰraːɡ, *zjaːɡ
諎 *ʔsraːɡ
矠 *sʰreːɡ, *zreːɡ
庴 *ʔsjaːɡ, *zjaːɡ
籍 *zjaːɡ
耤 *zjaːɡ
猎 *zjaːɡ
昔 *sjaːɡ
惜 *sjaːɡ
腊 *sjaːɡ
焟 *sjaːɡ
棤 *sjaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsjaːɡs, *ʔsjaːɡ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 昔 (OC *sjaːɡ).

Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Note:
  • cióh - colloquial;
  • ciâ - literary.
Note:
  • zieo5 - vernacular;
  • zia5 - literary.
Note:
  • chioh - vernacular;
  • chià/chiak/chek - literary.
Note:
  • ziêh4/zioh4 - vernacular (ziêh4 - Chaozhou);
  • zia6 - literary.
Rime
Character 借 借
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 精 (13) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 麻 (100) 昔 (123)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 子夜切 資昔切
Baxter tsjaeH tsjek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡siaH/ /t͡siᴇk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡siaH/ /t͡siɛk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡siaH/ /t͡siæk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡siaH/ /t͡siajk̚/
Li
Rong 		/t͡siaH/ /t͡siɛk̚/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sĭaH/ /t͡sĭɛk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡si̯aH/ /t͡si̯ɛk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jiè ji
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ze3 zik1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 借 借
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jiè jiè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsjæH › ‹ tsjek ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ts]Ak-s/ /*[ts]Ak/
English loan, borrow loan, borrow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 借 借
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 13269 13298
Phonetic
component 		昔 昔
Rime
group 		暮 鐸
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		唶 積
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔsjaːɡs/ /*ʔsjaːɡ/

Definitions

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借

  1. to lend
    我沒有書，你能借我一本嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
    我没有书，你能借我一本吗？ [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ méi yǒu shū, nǐ néng jiè wǒ yī běn ma? [Pinyin]
    I haven' t got any book; can you lend me one ?
    可唔可以借住五十蚊畀我先？ [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    ho2 m4 ho2 ji5 ze3 zyu6 ng5 sap6 man1 bei2 ngo5 sin1? [Jyutping]
    Can you lend me $50?
  2. to borrow
    我可以借你的書嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
    我可以借你的书吗？ [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ kěyǐ jiè nǐ de shū ma? [Pinyin]
    Can I borrow your book?
  3. (alt. form 藉) to make use of; to take advantage of (an opportunity)
    借故  ―  jiègù  ―  to find an excuse
    她借著微弱的燭光讀書。 [MSC, trad.]
    她借着微弱的烛光读书。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā jiè zhe wēiruò de zhúguāng dúshū. [Pinyin]
    She was reading by the faint light of the candle.
    我想借此機會感謝大家的支持。 [MSC, trad.]
    我想借此机会感谢大家的支持。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ xiǎng jiè cǐ jīhuì gǎnxiè dàjiā de zhīchí. [Pinyin]
    I wish to use this opportunity to thank everyone for your support.
  4. (alt. form 藉) to rely on; to depend on
  5. (alt. form 藉) to use as a pretext
Synonyms
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  • (to lend): (on interest) 貸／贷 (dài)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 借 – see 藉 (“to rely on”).
(This character is the simplified form of 藉).
Notes:

Further reading

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Japanese

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Kanji

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借

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. to borrow

Readings

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  • Go-on: しゃ (sha)、しゃく (shaku, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: しゃ (sha)、せき (seki)
  • Kun: かる (karu, 借る)、かりる (kariru, 借りる, Jōyō)

Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
借
か(り)
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
借り (in running text)

Originally the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 借(か)る (karu, “to borrow”), now also the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of modern verb 借(か)りる (kariru, “to borrow”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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借(かり) • (kari) 

  1. borrowing, a debt, a loan (for the borrower, not the lender)
  2. (obsolete) in the Edo period, a system for arranging house calls by prostitutes
  3. (accounting, abbreviation) borrower, debtor: short for 借り方 (karikata)

Antonyms

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(antonym(s) of “borrowing, debt”):

References

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  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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借 (eum 차 (cha))

借 (eum 적 (jeok))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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借: Hán Nôm readings: tá

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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