本

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See also: 夲
本 U+672C, 本
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-672C
← 末
[U+672B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 札 →
[U+672D]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

本 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 木一 (DM), four-corner 50230, composition ⿻木一)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 509, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14421
  • Dae Jaweon: page 891, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1151, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+672C

Further reading[edit]

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 本
alternative forms 夲

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 本
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (本) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
本 *pɯːnʔ
笨 *pɯːnʔ, *bɯːnʔ
苯 *pɯːnʔ
翉 *pʰɯːnʔ
体 *bɯːnʔ
鉢 *poːd
缽 *poːd

Ideogram (指事): a tree (木) with its bottom highlighted with an extra stroke, accentuating the roots; contrast 末, 朱.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(b/p)ul (“root; stump; tree”) (STEDT). Cognate with Mizo bul (“cause; beginning; root; stump”), Jingpho phun (“tree; bush; stalk; wood”), Garo bol (“tree”).This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • běnr - “capital, principal; book; script; classifier for books, plays, films”.
  • Cantonese
  • Gan
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • Quanzhou, Jinjiang, and Taiwan:
      • pún - literary;
      • pńg - vernacular.
  • (Teochew)
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 本
    Mandarin Beijing /pən²¹⁴/
    Harbin /pən²¹³/
    Tianjin /pən¹³/
    Jinan /pẽ⁵⁵/
    Qingdao /pə̃⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /pən⁵³/
    Xi'an /pẽ⁵³/
    Xining /pə̃⁵³/
    Yinchuan /pəŋ⁵³/
    Lanzhou /pə̃n⁴⁴²/
    Ürümqi /pɤŋ⁵¹/
    Wuhan /pən⁴²/
    Chengdu /pən⁵³/
    Guiyang /pen⁴²/
    Kunming /pə̃⁵³/
    Nanjing /pən²¹²/
    Hefei /pən²⁴/
    Jin Taiyuan /pəŋ⁵³/
    Pingyao /pəŋ⁵³/
    Hohhot /pə̃ŋ⁵³/
    Wu Shanghai /pəŋ³⁵/
    Suzhou /pən⁵¹/
    Hangzhou /pen⁵³/
    Wenzhou /paŋ³⁵/
    Hui Shexian /pʌ̃³⁵/
    Tunxi /pɛ³¹/
    Xiang Changsha /pən⁴¹/
    Xiangtan /pən⁴²/
    Gan Nanchang /pɨn²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /pun³¹/
    Taoyuan /pun³¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /pun³⁵/
    Nanning /pun³⁵/
    Hong Kong /pun³⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /pun⁵³/
    /pŋ̍⁵³/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /puoŋ³²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /pɔŋ²¹/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /puŋ⁵³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔbun²¹³/
    /ʔbui²¹³/
    Rime
    Character 本
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
    Final (韻) 魂 (55)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 布忖切
    Baxter pwonX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/puənX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/puonX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/puənX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/pwənX/
    Li
    Rong         		/puənX/
    Wang
    Li         		/puənX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/puənX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		běn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		bun2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 本
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		běn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ pwonX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*C.pˁə[n]ʔ/
    English tree trunk

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 本
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 473
    Phonetic
    component         		本
    Rime
    group         		文
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		本
    Old
    Chinese         		/*pɯːnʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    本

    1. (of plants) root; stem
    2. source; origin; root
      努力工作是成功之本。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
      Nǔlì gōngzuò shì chénggōng zhī běn. [Pinyin]
      Hard work is the ultimate source of success.
    3. foundation; basis
      謙遜是美德之本。／谦逊是美德之本。  ―  Qiānxùn shì měidé zhī běn.  ―  Humility is the foundation of all virtue.
    4. edition; version; copy
      標點本／标点本  ―  biāodiǎn běn  ―  punctuated edition
      宋本  ―  sòng běn  ―  Song-era edition
    5. originally; initially
    6. current; present
      本年  ―  běnnián  ―  current year
      本財政年度的全部投資預算已用完。 [MSC, trad.]
      本财政年度的全部投资预算已用完。 [MSC, simp.]
      Běn cáizhèng nián dù de quánbù tóuzī yùsuàn yǐ yòngwán. [Pinyin]
      We have already used up our total investment budget for the current fiscal year.
    7. this; here; this very
      本人  ―  běnrén  ―  I [lit. this person]
      戲精本精／戏精本精  ―  xìjīng běn jīng  ―  drama queen him/herself
      本函下面所示系Y先生的簽名。 [MSC, trad.]
      本函下面所示系Y先生的签名。 [MSC, simp.]
      Běn hán xiàmiàn suǒ shì xì Y xiānshēng de qiānmíng. [Pinyin]
      You will find the signature of Mr. Y. at the foot hereof.
    8. capital (money used in investment)
    9. Classifier for books, periodicals, files. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
      一本書／一本书  ―  yī běn shū  ―  a book
      一本雜誌／一本杂志  ―  yī běn zázhì  ―  a magazine
      一本冊／一本册 [Hokkien]  ―  chi̍t pún chheh [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  a book
    10. volume
    11. (Korean Classical Chinese) ancestral seat of a descent group

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (classifier for books): (Jinjiang and Yongchun Hokkien) 卷 (kńg)

    Antonyms[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (本):
    • → Japanese: 本(ほん) (hon)
    • → Okinawan: 本(ふん) (fun)
    • → Korean: 본(本) (bon)
    • → Vietnamese: bổn (本), bản (本)

    Others:

    Compounds[edit]

    Further reading[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    本

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    本
    もと
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Counter[edit]

    本(もと) • (-moto) 

    1. blades of grass and tree trunks
    2. falcons

    Noun[edit]

    本(もと) • (moto)  (counter 個)

    1. Alternative form of 元

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    本
    ほん
    Grade: 1
    on’yomi

    Counter[edit]

    本(ほん) • (-hon) 

    1. long cylindrical things such as glasses of drink, pairs of jeans, pens or trains and buses
    2. films or TV shows
    3. home runs or goals
    4. rounds of a match in boxing, wrestling or judo
    See also[edit]
    Japanese number-counter combinations for 本(ほん) (hon)
    1 2 3 4 5
    一(いっ)本(ぽん) (ippon) 二(に)本(ほん) (nihon) 三(さん)本(ぼん) (sanbon) 四(よん)本(ほん) (yonhon) 五(ご)本(ほん) (gohon)
    6 7 8 9 10
    六(ろっ)本(ぽん) (roppon) 七(なな)本(ほん) (nanahon)
    七(しち)本(ほん) (shichihon)     		八(はっ)本(ぽん) (happon)
    八(はち)本(ほん) (hachihon)     		九(きゅう)本(ほん) (kyūhon) 十(じゅっ)本(ぽん) (juppon)
    十(じっ)本(ぽん) (jippon)
    100 1,000 10,000 How many?
    百(ひゃっ)本(ぽん) (hyappon) 千(せん)本(ぼん) (senbon) 一(いち)万(まん)本(ぼん) (ichimanbon) 何(なん)本(ぼん) (nanbon)
    何(なん)本(ほん) (nanhon)
    何(なん)本(ぽん) (nanpon)

    Noun[edit]

    本(ほん) • (hon)  (counter 冊)

    1. a book
    2. a script; a scenario
    3. source; origin; root

    Prefix[edit]

    本(ほん) • (hon-) 

    1. current, this, the matter in question
      本(ほん)大(たい)会(かい) ― hontaikai ― this event; today’s competition
    2. original, actual, base
      本(ほん)山葵(わさび) ― honwasabi ― real wasabi (as opposed to horseradish or other substitutes)
      本(ほん)大(だい)臣(じん) ― hondaijin ― the cabinet member (on whose behalf a proxy speaks)

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 本 (MC pwonX). Recorded as Middle Korean 본 (pwon) (Yale: pwon) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    本 (eumhun 근본 본 (geunbon bon))

    1. Hanja form? of 본 (“root; basis; foundation; stem”).
    2. Hanja form? of 본 (“source; origin”).
    3. Hanja form? of 본 (“main; primary; principal”).
    4. Hanja form? of 본 (“mind; nature; essence; true self”).
    5. Hanja form? of 본 (“ancestor; fatherland; hometown”).
    6. Hanja form? of 본 (“counter for books; book; publication”).
    7. Hanja form? of 본 (“model; version”).
    8. Hanja form? of 본 (“this; this very”).
    9. Hanja form? of 본 (“(finance) principal”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

    Okinawan[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    本

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    本
    むとぅ
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    Noun[edit]

    本(むとぅ) (mutu)  (counter 個)

    1. Alternative form of 元

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    本
    ふん
    Grade: 1
    on’yomi

    Counter[edit]

    本(ふん) (-fun) 

    1. long cylindrical things such as glasses of drink, pairs of jeans, pens or trains and buses
      くぬ二(に)本(ふの)ぉ芯(しん)ぬ折(をぅー)りやっさん。
      Kunu nifunō shin-nu ūriyassan.
      The lead in these 2 is easy to break.
    2. films or TV shows
    3. home runs or goals
    4. rounds of a match in boxing, wrestling or judo

    Old Japanese[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 本 (MC pwonX).

    Phonogram[edit]

    本 (po1)

    1. Denotes phonographic syllable po1.
      • 711–712, Kojiki
        本那迦迩多知弖
        po1-naka ni tat-i-t-e
        ...stands in the middle of the fire...

    Further reading[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    本: Hán Việt readings: bổn (布(bố)忖(thỗn)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4], bản[1][5]
    本: Nôm readings: vốn[1][2][5][6][3][4][7], bộn[1][5][6][3][4][7], bổn[2][5][3][7], bủn[6][3][4][7], bốn[1][2][5], vỏn[5][6][3], bỏn[5][4][7], bản[1][2], vón[1], bọn[4]

    1. chữ Hán form of bản (“basis; origin”).
    2. chữ Hán form of bổn (“basis; origin”).
    3. Nôm form of bốn (“four”).
    4. Nôm form of vón (“to clot”).
    5. Nôm form of vốn (“capital; bond; fund”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Bonet (1899).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Génibrel (1898).
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Trần (2004).
    6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Hồ (1976).
    7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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