笨
See also: 苯
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]笨 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+5, 11 strokes, Cangjie input 竹木一 (HDM), four-corner 88234, composition ⿱𥫗本)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 880, character 22
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25939
- Dae Jaweon: page 1308, character 16
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2953, character 12
- Unihan data for U+7B28
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 笨 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pɯːnʔ, *bɯːnʔ): semantic 竹 + phonetic 本 (OC *pɯːnʔ).
Etymology 1
[edit]| trad. | 笨 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 笨 | |
| alternative forms | 体 㤓 𢜘 | |
Cognate with Tibetan བླུན (blun, “foolish; stupid; dull”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ben4
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ban6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): beng3
- Eastern Min (BUC): bông
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bong5 / buong5
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6ben
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ben5 / ben4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: bèn
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bèn
- Wade–Giles: pên4
- Yale: bèn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: benn
- Palladius: бэнь (bɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pən⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ben4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ben
- Sinological IPA (key): /pən²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ban6
- Yale: bahn
- Cantonese Pinyin: ban6
- Guangdong Romanization: ben6
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɐn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pun
- Hakka Romanization System: bun
- Hagfa Pinyim: bun4
- Sinological IPA: /pun⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: bunˇ
- Sinological IPA: /pun¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: beng3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /pəŋ⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: bông
- Sinological IPA (key): /pouŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: bong5
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: beōng
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɔŋ¹¹/
- (Youyang)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: bong5
- Sinological IPA (key): /poŋ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: buong5
- Sinological IPA (key): /puoŋ²¹/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pūn
- Tâi-lô: pūn
- Phofsit Daibuun: pun
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pun²²/
- Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pun³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pǔn
- Tâi-lô: pǔn
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /pun²²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: bung3 / bung2 / bung6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pùng / púng / pŭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /puŋ²¹³/, /puŋ⁵²/, /puŋ³⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: ben5 / ben4
- Sinological IPA (key): /pən²¹/, /pən⁴⁵/
- (Changsha)
Note:
- ben5 - vernacular;
- ben4 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: pwonX, bwonX
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*pɯːnʔ/, /*bɯːnʔ/
Definitions
[edit]笨
- heavy; cumbersome; strenuous
- stupid; foolish; silly; slow-witted
- clumsy; awkward
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) inner part of bamboo
Synonyms
[edit]- (stupid):
- 呆
- 呆傻 (dāishǎ)
- 呆痴 (dāichī)
- 𡳞面 (Hokkien, vulgar)
- 𡳞鳥面 / 𡳞鸟面 (Hokkien, vulgar)
- 愚戇 / 愚戆 (Hokkien)
- 愚昧 (yúmèi)
- 愚笨 (yúbèn)
- 愚蠢 (yúchǔn)
- 愚鈍 / 愚钝 (yúdùn)
- 拙 (zhuō) (literary, or in compounds)
- 拙笨 (zhuōbèn)
- 撚樣 / 撚样 (lan2 joeng6-2) (Cantonese, vulgar)
- 暗昧 (ànmèi)
- 梢跤 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 梢跤軟蹄 / 梢跤软蹄 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 梢蹬 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 棒槌 (bàngchuí)
- 海鱟 / 海鲎 (Hokkien)
- 混鈍 / 混钝 (Hokkien)
- 痴呆
- 發踱 / 发踱 (7faq 8doq) (Wu)
- 笨拙 (bènzhuō)
- 笨車車 / 笨车车 (Hokkien)
- 臭笨 (Hokkien)
- 菜瓜 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
- 蠢 (chǔn)
- 蠢氣 / 蠢气 (qyn3 qi4) (Xiang)
- 蠢笨 (chǔnbèn)
- 袋屎 (Hokkien)
- 袋屎袋尿 (Hokkien)
- 跤梢 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 遲鈍 / 迟钝 (chídùn)
- 阿西 (Hokkien)
- 頇顢 / 顸颟 (Hokkien)
- 頑鈍 / 顽钝 (wándùn) (literary)
- 鱟 / 鲎 (Hokkien)
- 鳩拙 / 鸠拙 (jiūzhuó) (literary)
Dialectal synonyms of 笨 (“stupid; lacking intelligence”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 笨, 愚笨, 愚蠢 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 笨 |
| Taiwan | 笨 | |
| Malaysia | 蠢, 笨, 突 | |
| Singapore | 笨 | |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 笨 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 悶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 笨, 蠢 |
| Wuhan | 笨, 蠢 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 笨 |
| Hefei | 笨 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 蠢, 笨 |
| Hong Kong | 蠢, 笨 | |
| Yangjiang | 吽, 塞督, 塞 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 蠢 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 笨, 蠢 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 笨 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 笨 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 笨 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 愚, 笨 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 笨 |
| Klang (Hokkien) | 突 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 白仁 | |
| Wu | Suzhou | 笨 |
| Wenzhou | 呆, 笨 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 蠢 |
| Shuangfeng | 蠢 | |
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]| trad. | 笨 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 笨 | |
| alternative forms | 賁／贲 Hakka 朌 Hakka 坋 Hakka 蕡／𰱟 Hakka 厚 Hakka | |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: pan5
- Yale: páhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: pan5
- Guangdong Romanization: pen5
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰɐn¹³/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: pan5
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰɐn¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phûn
- Hakka Romanization System: punˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: pun1
- Sinological IPA: /pʰun²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: punˋ
- Sinological IPA: /pʰun⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
Definitions
[edit]笨
- (dialectal Cantonese, Hakka, dated in standard Cantonese) thick
- 1910, Ernest John Eitel, Immanuel Gottlieb Genähr, editors, A Chinese-English dictionary in the Cantonese dialect, Hongkong: Kelly & Walsh, Limited, page 719:
Synonyms
[edit]References
[edit]- “笨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]笨
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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