醒

醒 U+9192, 醒 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9192 ← 醑 [U+9191] CJK Unified Ideographs 醓 → [U+9193]

Translingual

Han character

醒 (radical 164 酉+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一田日竹一 (MWAHM), four-corner 1661₄, composition ⿰酉星)

1. wake up
2. sober up
3. startle

References

• KangXi: page 1285, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39936
• Dae Jaweon: page 1785, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3590, character 1
• Unihan data for U+9192

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		醒

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (生) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
猜	*sʰlɯː
輤	*sʰleːns
綪	*sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ
倩	*sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs
棈	*sʰleːns
蒨	*sʰeːns
篟	*sʰeːns
生	*sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs
牲	*sreŋ
笙	*sreŋ
甥	*sreŋ
鉎	*sreŋ, *sleːŋ
珄	*sreŋ
鼪	*sreŋ, *sreŋs
猩	*sreŋ, *seːŋ
狌	*sreŋ
眚	*sreŋʔ
貹	*sreŋs
崝	*zreːŋ
精	*ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs
菁	*ʔsleŋ
鶄	*ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
蜻	*ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
鼱	*ʔsleŋ
婧	*ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ
睛	*ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ
箐	*ʔsleŋ
聙	*ʔsleŋ
旌	*ʔsleŋ
清	*sʰleŋ
圊	*sʰleŋ
請	*sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ
凊	*sʰleŋs
䝼	*zleŋs, *zleŋ
靚	*zleŋs
情	*zleŋ
晴	*zleŋ
夝	*zleŋ
靜	*zleŋʔ
靖	*zleŋʔ
睲	*seŋʔ, *seːŋs
惺	*seŋʔ, *seːŋ
性	*sleŋs
姓	*sleŋs
靗	*l̥ʰeŋs
鯖	*ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ
青	*sʰleːŋ
靘	*sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs
掅	*sʰleːŋs
胜	*sleːŋ
曐	*sleːŋ
星	*sleːŋ
鮏	*sleːŋ
腥	*seːŋ, *seːŋs
鯹	*seːŋ
醒	*seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs
篂	*seːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs): semantic 酉 (“wine”) + phonetic 星 (OC *sleːŋ)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xǐng (xing³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): seng², sing², sing¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siáng
• Min Nan (POJ): séng / chhíⁿ / chhéⁿ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: xǐng
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˇ
    • Wade-Giles: hsing³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiing
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: seng², sing², sing¹
    • Yale: séng, síng, sīng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: seng², sing², sing¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: séng², xing², xing¹
    • IPA ^(key): /sɛːŋ³⁵/, /sɪŋ³⁵/, /sɪŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• seng2 - vernacular ("to awaken");
• sing2 - "clever" or literary ("to awaken");
• sing1 - literary.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siáng
    • Hakka Romanization System: xiang`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xiang³
    • IPA: /ɕi̯aŋ³¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: séng
    • Tâi-lô: síng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: seang
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɕiɪŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɕiɪŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕiɪŋ⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhíⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tshínn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chvie
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰĩ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕʰĩ⁵³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕʰĩ⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhéⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tshénn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhvea
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰẽ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɛ̃⁵³/

Note:

• séng - literary;
• chhíⁿ/chhéⁿ - vernacular.

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• Middle Chinese: /seŋ/, /seŋ^X/, /seŋ^H/▼

Rime
Character	醒	醒	醒
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	心 (16)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	青 (125)	青 (125)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	IV	IV
Fanqie	桑經切	蘇挺切	蘇佞切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/seŋ/	/seŋX/	/seŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/seŋ/	/seŋX/	/seŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/sɛŋ/	/sɛŋX/	/sɛŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sɛjŋ/	/sɛjŋX/	/sɛjŋH/
Li Rong	/seŋ/	/seŋX/	/seŋH/
Wang Li	/sieŋ/	/sieŋX/	/sieŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/sieŋ/	/sieŋX/	/sieŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xīng	xǐng	xìng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*s-tsʰˤeŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*seːŋ/, /*seːŋʔ/, /*seːŋs/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	醒
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xǐng
Middle Chinese	‹ sengX ›
Old Chinese	/*s-tsʰˤeŋʔ/
English	wake up
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	醒	醒	醒
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	11377	11380	11382
Phonetic component	生	生	生
Rime group	耕	耕	耕
Rime subdivision	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	星	醒	腥
Old Chinese	/*seːŋ/	/*seːŋʔ/	/*seːŋs/

Definitions

醒

1. to awaken; to wake up
2. to be awake
3. to decant (wine, etc.)
4. (Cantonese) clever; intelligent; sharp

   醒目 (xǐngmù)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 聰明 (“clever; intelligent; smart; bright”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		聰明、伶俐、聰敏、聰穎
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		聰明、機靈、伶俐、聰敏、聰穎、聰慧
Mandarin	Beijing	聰明
	Taiwan	聰明
	Jinan	聰明
	Xi'an	靈、靈醒
	Wuhan	聰明
	Chengdu	精靈、聰明
	Yangzhou	聰明
	Hefei	聰明
Cantonese	Guangzhou	聰明、醒、醒目、叻
	Hong Kong	聰明、醒、醒目、叻
	Yangjiang	伶俐、叻
Gan	Nanchang	精靈、聰明
Hakka	Meixian	聰明、機靈
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	聰明
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	聰明
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	聰明
	Dongshi (Dabu)	聰明、精
	Zhuolan (Raoping)	聰明、精
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	聰明
Jin	Taiyuan	機靈、聰明
Min Bei	Jian'ou	聰明
Min Dong	Fuzhou	聰明
Min Nan	Xiamen	聰明
	Quanzhou	聰明
	Zhangzhou	聰明
	Taipei	聰明、巧、明白
	Chaozhou	聰明
Wu	Suzhou	聰明
	Wenzhou	靈、聰明
Xiang	Changsha	靈泛、聰明
	Shuangfeng	聰明

Compounds

• 不醒
• 不醒人事
• 久夢初醒／久梦初醒
• 半睡半醒
• 叫醒 (jiàoxǐng)
• 叫醒服務／叫醒服务
• 喚醒／唤醒 (huànxǐng)
• 大夢初醒／大梦初醒
• 大覺醒／大觉醒
• 如夢初醒／如梦初醒
• 如夢方醒／如梦方醒
• 如醉初醒
• 如醉方醒
• 定醒

• 復醒／复醒
• 提醒 (tíxǐng)
• 昏迷不醒
• 清醒 (qīngxǐng)
• 猛醒
• 獨醒／独醒
• 甦醒／苏醒
• 眾醉獨醒／众醉独醒
• 蘇醒／苏醒 (sūxǐng)
• 覺醒／觉醒 (juéxǐng)
• 警醒
• 醒世
• 醒世恆言／醒世恒言
• 醒來／醒来 (xǐnglái)

• 醒悟 (xǐngwù)
• 醒木
• 醒狂
• 醒目 (xǐngmù)
• 醒眼 (xǐngyǎn)
• 醒睡
• 醒脾
• 醒覺／醒觉
• 醒豁
• 醒酒 (xǐngjiǔ)
• 醒酒石
• 驚醒／惊醒 (jīngxǐng)
• 點醒／点醒

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Japanese

Kanji

醒

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. to wake up
2. to become sober, to be disillusioned

Readings

• On (unclassified): せい (sei)
• Kun: さめる (sameru), さます (samasu)

Compounds

Compounds

• 覚醒 (かくせい, kakusei)
• 覚醒剤 (かくせいざい, kakuseizai')
• 警醒 (けいせい, keisei)

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Vietnamese

Han character

醒 (tỉnh)

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