醒

醒 U+9192, 醒 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9192 ← 醑 [U+9191] CJK Unified Ideographs 醓 → [U+9193]

Translingual

Han character

醒 (radical 164, 酉+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一田日竹一 (MWAHM), four-corner 1661₄, composition ⿰酉星)

References

• KangXi: page 1285, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39936
• Dae Jaweon: page 1785, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3590, character 1
• Unihan data for U+9192

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		醒

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (生) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
猜	*sʰlɯː
輤	*sʰleːns
綪	*sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ
倩	*sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs
棈	*sʰleːns
蒨	*sʰeːns
篟	*sʰeːns
生	*sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs
牲	*sreŋ
笙	*sreŋ
甥	*sreŋ
鉎	*sreŋ, *sleːŋ
珄	*sreŋ
鼪	*sreŋ, *sreŋs
猩	*sreŋ, *seːŋ
狌	*sreŋ
眚	*sreŋʔ
貹	*sreŋs
崝	*zreːŋ
精	*ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs
菁	*ʔsleŋ
鶄	*ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
蜻	*ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
鼱	*ʔsleŋ
婧	*ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ
睛	*ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ
箐	*ʔsleŋ
聙	*ʔsleŋ
旌	*ʔsleŋ
清	*sʰleŋ
圊	*sʰleŋ
請	*sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ
凊	*sʰleŋs
䝼	*zleŋs, *zleŋ
靚	*zleŋs
情	*zleŋ
晴	*zleŋ
夝	*zleŋ
靜	*zleŋʔ
靖	*zleŋʔ
睲	*seŋʔ, *seːŋs
惺	*seŋʔ, *seːŋ
性	*sleŋs
姓	*sleŋs
靗	*l̥ʰeŋs
鯖	*ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ
青	*sʰleːŋ
靘	*sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs
掅	*sʰleːŋs
胜	*sleːŋ
曐	*sleːŋ
星	*sleːŋ
鮏	*sleːŋ
腥	*seːŋ, *seːŋs
鯹	*seːŋ
醒	*seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs
篂	*seːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs): semantic 酉 (“alcohol”) + phonetic 星 (OC *sleːŋ).

Etymology

Cognate with 清 (OC *sʰleŋ, “clear”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): xǐng (xing³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˇ

  (Chengdu, SP): xin³

• Cantonese (Jyutping): seng², sing², sing¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siáng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhíⁿ / chhéⁿ / séng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cên²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: xǐng
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˇ
    • Wade–Giles: hsing3
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiing
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sǐng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: xin³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xin
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: seng², sing², sing¹
    • Yale: séng, síng, sīng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: seng², sing², sing¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: séng², xing², xing¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛːŋ³⁵/, /sɪŋ³⁵/, /sɪŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• seng2 - vernacular (“to awaken”);
• sing2 - literary (including “clever”);
• sing1 - literary, used only in poetry.

Hakka

• (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siáng
  • Hakka Romanization System: xiang`
  • Hagfa Pinyim: xiang³
  • Sinological IPA: /ɕi̯aŋ³¹/

Min Nan

• (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhíⁿ
  • Tâi-lô: tshínn
  • Phofsit Daibuun: chvie
  • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰĩ⁵⁵⁴/
  • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen): /t͡ɕʰĩ⁵³/
• (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhéⁿ
  • Tâi-lô: tshénn
  • Phofsit Daibuun: zhvea
  • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɛ̃⁵³/
  • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰẽ⁴¹/
• (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: séng
  • Tâi-lô: síng
  • Phofsit Daibuun: seang
  • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /ɕiɪŋ⁵³/
  • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiɪŋ⁴¹/

Note:

• chhíⁿ/chhéⁿ - vernacular;
• séng - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: cên²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshéⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰẽ⁵²/

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• Middle Chinese: /seŋ/, /seŋ^X/, /seŋ^H/

Rime
Character	醒	醒	醒
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	心 (16)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	青 (125)	青 (125)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	IV	IV
Fanqie	桑經切	蘇挺切	蘇佞切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/seŋ/	/seŋX/	/seŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/seŋ/	/seŋX/	/seŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/sɛŋ/	/sɛŋX/	/sɛŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sɛjŋ/	/sɛjŋX/	/sɛjŋH/
Li Rong	/seŋ/	/seŋX/	/seŋH/
Wang Li	/sieŋ/	/sieŋX/	/sieŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/sieŋ/	/sieŋX/	/sieŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xīng	xǐng	xìng

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tsʰˤeŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*seːŋ/, /*seːŋʔ/, /*seːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	醒
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xǐng
Middle Chinese	‹ sengX ›
Old Chinese	/*s-tsʰˁeŋʔ/
English	wake up
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	醒	醒	醒
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	11377	11380	11382
Phonetic component	生	生	生
Rime group	耕	耕	耕
Rime subdivision	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	星	醒	腥
Old Chinese	/*seːŋ/	/*seːŋʔ/	/*seːŋs/

Definitions

醒

1. to sober up
2. to awaken; to wake up
3. to be awake
4. to decant (wine, etc.)
5. (Cantonese) clever; intelligent; sharp

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 聰明 (“clever; intelligent; smart; bright”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		聰明, 伶俐, 聰敏, 聰穎
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		聰明, 機靈, 伶俐, 聰敏, 聰穎, 聰慧
Mandarin	Beijing	聰明
	Taiwan	聰明
	Jinan	聰明
	Xi'an	靈, 靈醒
	Wuhan	聰明
	Chengdu	精靈, 聰明
	Yangzhou	聰明
	Hefei	聰明
Cantonese	Guangzhou	聰明, 醒, 醒目, 叻
	Hong Kong	聰明, 醒, 醒目, 叻
	Yangjiang	伶俐, 叻
Gan	Nanchang	精靈, 聰明
Hakka	Meixian	聰明, 機靈
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	聰明
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	聰明
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	聰明
	Dongshi (Dabu)	聰明, 精
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	聰明, 精
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	聰明
Jin	Taiyuan	機靈, 聰明
Min Bei	Jian'ou	聰明
Min Dong	Fuzhou	聰明
Min Nan	Xiamen	聰明
	Quanzhou	聰明, 骨鳥 derogatory
	Zhangzhou	聰明
	Taipei	聰明, 巧, 明白
	Chaozhou	聰明
Wu	Suzhou	聰明
	Wenzhou	靈, 聰明
Xiang	Changsha	靈泛, 聰明
	Shuangfeng	聰明

Compounds

• 不醒
• 不醒人事
• 久夢初醒／久梦初醒
• 半睡半醒
• 叫醒 (jiàoxǐng)
• 叫醒服務／叫醒服务
• 喚醒／唤醒 (huànxǐng)
• 大夢初醒／大梦初醒
• 大覺醒／大觉醒
• 如夢初醒／如梦初醒 (rúmèngchūxǐng)
• 如夢方醒／如梦方醒
• 如醉初醒
• 如醉方醒
• 定醒

• 復醒／复醒
• 提醒 (tíxǐng)
• 昏迷不醒
• 清醒 (qīngxǐng)
• 猛醒
• 獨醒／独醒
• 甦醒／苏醒 (sūxǐng)
• 眾人皆醉我獨醒／众人皆醉我独醒 (zhòngrén jiē zuì wǒ dú xǐng)
• 眾醉獨醒／众醉独醒
• 蘇醒／苏醒
• 覺醒／觉醒 (juéxǐng)
• 警醒
• 醒世
• 醒世恆言／醒世恒言 (Xǐngshì Héngyán)

• 醒來／醒来 (xǐnglái)
• 醒悟 (xǐngwù)
• 醒木
• 醒狂
• 醒目 (xǐngmù)
• 醒眼 (xǐngyǎn)
• 醒睡
• 醒脾
• 醒覺／醒觉
• 醒豁
• 醒酒 (xǐngjiǔ)
• 醒酒石
• 驚醒／惊醒 (jīngxǐng)
• 點醒／点醒

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (醒):

• → Vietnamese: tỉnh (醒)

References

• “醒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

醒

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. to wake up
2. to become sober, to be disillusioned

Readings

• On (unclassified): せい (sei, Jōyō)
• Kun: さめる (sameru, 醒める); さます (samasu, 醒ます)

Compounds

Compounds

• 覚醒(かくせい) (kakusei)
• 覚醒剤(かくせいざい) (kakuseizai)
• 警醒(けいせい) (keisei)

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Vietnamese

Han character

醒 (tỉnh)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.