tỉnh
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Vietnamese
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Sino-Vietnamese word from 省 (“government department; province”).
A more regular SV reflex of 省 (MC srjaengX) "province" should be **sảnh; this attested reflex likely arose from confusion with 省 (MC sjengX) "to inspect; to understand; to greet; to visit".
Noun
[edit]tỉnh
- one of the highest administrative divisions in Vietnam, translates to English province, opposed to a thành phố trực thuộc trung ương; itself is divided into xã (“commune”) and phường (“ward”) and governed from its tỉnh lị (“provincial capital”)
- tỉnh lẻ ― provinces (less developed than thành phố trực thuộc trung ương (“municipality, centrally-controlled city”))
- dân tỉnh lẻ ― "small town" folks (literally, “provincial folks”)
- tỉnh Phú Thọ ― Phú Thọ Province
- lệnh của tỉnh đưa về xã ― a decree handed down to the commune from the province
- an administrative division that translates to English province in other countries
- tỉnh Hồ Bắc ― Hubei Province
- an administrative division that translates to English prefecture, for example in French or Japanese territories
- tỉnh Gifu ― Gifu Prefecture
- (metonymic) provincial capital
- lên tỉnh mua hàng ― going into the provincial capital to buy goods
Usage notes
[edit]Tỉnh is the usual term for "province", especially for provinces within a unitary state. Tỉnh bang is used to refer to the confederated provinces of Canada.
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Sino-Vietnamese word from 醒 (“to awake”).
Verb
[edit]tỉnh
- (intransitive) to be alert, to be conscious
- Sốt nhiều nhưng vẫn tỉnh.
- Running a high fever but still alert.
- tỉnh lại ― to regain consciousness, to regain mental clarity, to come to one's senses
- (intransitive) to awaken
- 1820, Nguyễn Du, Truyện Kiều [The Tale of Kiều]:
- Tỉnh ra mới biết là mình chiêm bao
- It was when I woke up did I know I had been dreaming
- (intransitive) to sober up
- Càng uống nó càng tỉnh mày ạ ― That dude still won't get drunk however much alcohol he might take.
- to remain unconcerned or unfazed
- tỉnh như sáo ― to be completely unfazed
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Hồ Ngọc Đức, editor (2003), “tỉnh”, in Việt–Việt[1] (DICT), Leipzig: Free Vietnamese Dictionary Project (details), archived from the original on 12 November 2024