牲

牲 U+7272, 牲 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7272 ← 牱 [U+7271] CJK Unified Ideographs 牳 → [U+7273]

Translingual

Han character

牲 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹手竹手一 (HQHQM), four-corner 2551₀, composition ⿰牜生)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 700, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19986
• Dae Jaweon: page 1112, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1807, character 7
• Unihan data for U+7272

Chinese

simp. and trad.		牲

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (生) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
猜	*sʰlɯː
輤	*sʰleːns
綪	*sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ
倩	*sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs
棈	*sʰleːns
蒨	*sʰeːns
篟	*sʰeːns
生	*sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs
牲	*sreŋ
笙	*sreŋ
甥	*sreŋ
鉎	*sreŋ, *sleːŋ
珄	*sreŋ
鼪	*sreŋ, *sreŋs
猩	*sreŋ, *seːŋ
狌	*sreŋ
眚	*sreŋʔ
貹	*sreŋs
崝	*zreːŋ
精	*ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs
菁	*ʔsleŋ
鶄	*ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
蜻	*ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
鼱	*ʔsleŋ
婧	*ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ
睛	*ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ
箐	*ʔsleŋ
聙	*ʔsleŋ
旌	*ʔsleŋ
清	*sʰleŋ
圊	*sʰleŋ
請	*sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ
凊	*sʰleŋs
䝼	*zleŋs, *zleŋ
靚	*zleŋs
情	*zleŋ
晴	*zleŋ
夝	*zleŋ
靜	*zleŋʔ
靖	*zleŋʔ
睲	*seŋʔ, *seːŋs
惺	*seŋʔ, *seːŋ
性	*sleŋs
姓	*sleŋs
靗	*l̥ʰeŋs
鯖	*ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ
青	*sʰleːŋ
靘	*sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs
掅	*sʰleːŋs
胜	*sleːŋ
曐	*sleːŋ
星	*sleːŋ
鮏	*sleːŋ
腥	*seːŋ, *seːŋs
鯹	*seːŋ
醒	*seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs
篂	*seːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sreŋ): semantic 牛 (“cow”) + phonetic 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs).

Etymology

From 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “alive”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shēng (sheng¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saang¹ / sang¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sên / sâng

  (Hailu, HRS): sen^ˋ / sang^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): sên¹ / sang¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): seng¹
• Northern Min (KCR): sàing / sàng
• Eastern Min (BUC): săng / sĕng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sa¹ / sann¹ / seng¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sng / seng / siⁿ / seⁿ / cheng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sêng¹ / sên¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹san; ¹sen
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sen¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shēng
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sheng
    • Wade–Giles: shêng¹
    • Yale: shēng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheng
    • Palladius: шэн (šɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: saang¹ / sang¹
    • Yale: sāang / sāng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saang¹ / sang¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sang¹ / seng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːŋ⁵⁵/, /sɐŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sên / sâng
    • Hakka Romanization System: sen^ˊ / sang^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sen¹ / sang¹
    • Sinological IPA: /sen²⁴/, /saŋ²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: sen^ˋ / sang^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /sen⁵³/, /saŋ⁵³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: sên¹ / sang¹
    • Sinological IPA: /sɛn⁴⁴/, /saŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

• Sixian:
  • sên - literary;
  • sâng - vernacular.
• Hailu:
  • senˋ - literary;
  • sangˋ - vernacular.
• Meixian:
  • sên1 - literary;
  • sang1 - vernacular.

• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: seng¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /səŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sàing / sàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saiŋ⁴²/, /saŋ⁴²/

Note:

• sàing - literary;
• sàng - vernacular.

• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: săng / sĕng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saŋ⁵⁵/, /sɛiŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• săng - vernacular;
• sĕng - literary.

• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sa¹
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: saⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬa⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou, Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sann¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬã⁵⁴⁴/
  • (Youyang)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sann¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /θã⁵⁴⁴/
  • (Putian, Jiangkou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: seng¹
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: seng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɛŋ⁵³³/
  • (Nanri)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: seng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬe̞ŋ⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou, Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: seng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɛŋ⁵⁴⁴/
  • (Youyang)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: seng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /θɛŋ⁵⁴⁴/

Note:

• sa1/sann1 - vernacular;
• seng1 - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng
    • Tâi-lô: sng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sngf
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍³³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng
    • Tâi-lô: sing
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sefng
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: sinn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: svy
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /sĩ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: senn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: svef
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /sɛ̃⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /sẽ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng
    • Tâi-lô: tsing
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zefng
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

• sng/seng - literary;
• siⁿ/seⁿ/cheng - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: sêng¹ / sên¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: seng / seⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /seŋ³³/, /sẽ³³/

Note:

• sêng1 - literary;
• sên1 - vernacular.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹san; ¹sen
    • MiniDict: san^平; sen^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹san; ¹sen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sã⁵³/, /sən⁵³/

Note:

• 1san - colloquial;
• 1sen - literary.

• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: sen¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sən³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: sraeng

Rime
Character	牲
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	所庚切
Baxter	sraeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂaɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/ʃɐŋ/
Wang Li	/ʃɐŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʂɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sang1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sreŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	牲
Reading #	1/1
No.	11313
Phonetic component	生
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	生
Old Chinese	/*sreŋ/

Definitions

牲

1. (historical) sacrificial animal (especially a cow, sheep, or pig)
2. domestic animal; livestock

Compounds

• 三牲 (sānshēng)
• 三牲五鼎
• 五牲
• 五牲看碗
• 宰牲節 / 宰牲节 (Zǎishēngjié)
• 打牲
• 牲口 (shēngkǒu)
• 牲殺 / 牲杀
• 牲畜 (shēngchù)
• 牲禮 / 牲礼 (shēnglǐ)
• 牲粉
• 牲醴
• 犧牲 / 牺牲 (xīshēng)
• 犧牲品 / 牺牲品 (xīshēngpǐn)
• 犧牲打 / 牺牲打
• 犧牲玉帛 / 牺牲玉帛
• 犧牲酒醴 / 牺牲酒醴
• 畜牲
• 精牲 (cheng-seⁿ) (Min Nan)

References

• “牲”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “牲”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 265.

Japanese

Kanji

牲

(Jōyō kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: しょう (shō)
• Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
• Kun: にえ (nie, 牲)^{←にへ (nife, 牲, historical)}

References

• “^△牲”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja

牲 • (saeng) (hangeul 생, revised saeng, McCune–Reischauer saeng, Yale sayng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

牲: Hán Việt readings: sinh
牲: Nôm readings: sinh, sanh, xinh, chũa

1. chữ Hán form of sinh (“domestic or sacrificial animal”)