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U+661F, 星
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-661F

[U+661E]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6620]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 72, +5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 日竹手一 (AHQM), four-corner 60104, composition )

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 492, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13837
  • Dae Jaweon: page 855, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1500, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+661F

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
alternative forms

Glyph origin[edit]

Simplified from (), which is a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sleːŋ): semantic (twinkling stars) + phonetic (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs).

Etymology 1[edit]

Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstructs the Old Chinese as *s-tsʰˤeŋ, which can be analysed as a verbal root *tsʰˤeŋ (bright) with a prefix *s-. This reconstruction accounts for the Min initial *tsh- and the use of the character to write the word (OC *N-tsʰeŋ).

Possibly related to (OC *sʰleŋ, “clear”) (Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), in turn from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t)s(j)aŋ (clear; pure; clean).

Proto-Kiranti *saŋ (star) either develops from a parallel Sino-Tibetan root (Schuessler, 2007) or derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kar (star) (STEDT).

Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • sing1 - literary;
  • seng1 - vernacular (uncommon).
Note:
  • lhiang1-4 - vernacular;
  • lhen1 - literary.
  • Gan
  • Note:
    • xiang1 - vernacular;
    • xin1 - literary.
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Note:
    • xing1 - literary;
    • xi1 - vernacular (limited, e.g. 星宿 (xīngxiù)).
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
  • Note:
    • chhiⁿ/chheⁿ/seⁿ - vernacular;
    • san - vernacular (limited, e.g. 零星 (língxīng));
    • seng - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
    Harbin /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /ɕiŋ²¹/
    Jinan /ɕiŋ²¹³/
    Qingdao /siŋ²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /siŋ²⁴/
    Xi'an /ɕiŋ²¹/
    Xining /ɕiə̃⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /ɕĩn³¹/
    Ürümqi /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /ɕin⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /ɕin⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /ɕin⁵⁵/
    Kunming /ɕĩ⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /sin³¹/
    Hefei /ɕin²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /ɕi¹¹/ ~宿
    /ɕiəŋ¹¹/ 五~
    Pingyao /ɕiŋ¹³/
    /sei¹³/ 掃帚~
    Hohhot /ɕĩŋ³¹/ 星~
    /ɕi³¹/ 河~~
    Wu Shanghai /ɕiŋ⁵³/
    Suzhou /sin⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /ɕin³³/
    Wenzhou /seŋ³³/
    Hui Shexian /siʌ̃³¹/
    Tunxi /sɛ¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /din³³/
    Xiangtan /sian³³/
    /sin³³/
    Gan Nanchang /ɕiɑŋ⁴²/
    /ɕin⁴²/ ~子縣
    Hakka Meixian /sen⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /sen²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /seŋ⁵³/
    Nanning /ɬɛŋ⁵⁵/
    /ɬeŋ⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /siŋ⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /siŋ⁵⁵/
    /t͡sʰĩ⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /siŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /saiŋ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sʰẽ³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /seŋ²³/
    /sɛ²³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (16)
    Final () (125)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () IV
    Fanqie
    Baxter seng
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /seŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /seŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /sɛŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /sɛjŋ/
    Li
    Rong
    /seŋ/
    Wang
    Li
    /sieŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /sieŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    xīng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    sing1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    xīng
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ seng ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*s-tsʰˁeŋ/
    English star

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11371
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*sleːŋ/
    Notes

    Definitions[edit]

    Five-pointed star shape
    1. star; planet; heavenly body (Classifier: m;  c mn)
      星星  ―  xīngxing  ―  star
        ―  héngxīng  ―  (fixed) star
    2. star-shaped object
    3. star; celebrity
        ―  míngxīng  ―  bright star; celebrity
    4. weight marks on a steelyard
    5. a bit; a tiny bit
    6. tiny; minute
    7. whitish; white
    8. numerous and scattered everywhere; countless
    9. rapid; flying
    10. Synonym of 碰鈴碰铃 (pènglíng)
    11. (dated or informal) Short for 星加坡 (Xīngjiāpō, “Singapore”).
      馬泰马泰  ―  Xīng Mǎ Tài  ―  Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand
    12. a surname: Xing
    Synonyms[edit]
    • (star):

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: (せい) (sei)
    • Korean: 성(星) (seong)
    • Vietnamese: tinh ()

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]


    Definitions[edit]

    1. transliteration of Indian name Singh

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    ほし
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia

    /posi//ɸoɕi//hoɕi/

    From Old Japanese.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (ほし) (hoshi

    1. a star (luminous celestial body)
      Synonym: 恒星 (kōsei)
    2. a star (concave polygon with regular, pointy protrusions and indentations, especially used as a symbol to rate quality)
    3. (tarot) the Star
    4. (loosely) a celestial body
      Synonym: 天体 (tentai)
    5. (by extension of a star's movement) time, years
    6. (sumo) a round mark indicating a victory or defeat in a bout
    7. a 家紋 (kamon, family crest) with various representations of stars
    8. a star (actor in a leading role)
    9. an objective
      Synonym: 目星 (meboshi)
    10. a kagura song sung at the end of a 御神楽 (mikagura)
    Quotations[edit]

    For quotations using this term, see Citations:星.

    Derived terms[edit]
    See also[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    (ほし) (Hoshi

    1. a surname

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    せい
    Grade: 2
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese (MC seng).

    The Singapore sense derives from the pre-World War Two kanji spelling 星加坡 (modern kanji spelling 新加坡) as borrowed from Chinese, itself a transliteration of Malay Singapura.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • Note: the pitch accent for the suffix is determined by the entire term.

    Proper noun[edit]

    (せい) (Sei

    1. one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions in the Chinese system of constellations
    2. Short for シンガポール (Shingapōru): Singapore

    Suffix[edit]

    (せい) (-sei

    1. (loosely, especially fiction) attached to names of planets
      • 1996 February 20 [1988 February 15], Mitsuru Adachi, “なにがなんだか 前編 [What’s What: First Chapter]”, in SHORT PROGRAM(ショート・プログラム), 25th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 256:
        ——あ、わたくしマキシムAGFです。リプトン(せい)からやってまいりました。()(きゅう)(さむ)さにおどろいてます。どぞよろしく。
        ——A, watakushi Makishimu Ējīefu desu. Riputon-sei kara yatte mairimashita. Chikyū no samusa ni odoroitemasu. Dozo yoroshiku.
        ——Oh, my name is Maxim AGF. I came here from planet Lipton. I’m still taken aback by Earth’s coldness. It is a pleasure to meet all of you.
    Derived terms[edit]

    Affix[edit]

    (せい) (sei

    1. star, celestial body, (Can we add an example for this sense?)
    2. passing of time
    3. star, celebrity
    Derived terms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese (MC seng).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 셔ᇰ (Yale: syèng)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 별〯 (Yale: pyěl) 셔ᇰ (Yale: syèng)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (byeol seong))

    1. Hanja form? of (star; planet).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

    Old Japanese[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Proto-Japonic *pəsi.

    Noun[edit]

    (posi) (kana ほし)

    1. a star

    Quotations[edit]

    For quotations using this term, see Citations:星.

    Derived terms[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    • Japanese: (hoshi)

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Nôm readings: tinh, tình

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.