體

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See also: 体, 骵, 躰, and 軆
體 U+9AD4, 體
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9AD4
← 髓
[U+9AD3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 髕 →
[U+9AD5]

Translingual[edit]

Japanese 体
Simplified 体
Traditional 體/体

Han character[edit]

體 (Kangxi radical 188, 骨+13, 23 strokes, cangjie input 月月廿田廿 (BBTWT), four-corner 75218, composition ⿰骨豊)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1451, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45291
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1978, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4419, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+9AD4

Chinese[edit]

trad. 體
simp. 体*
alternative forms 軆
躰

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (豊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
體 *r̥ʰiːʔ
軆 *r̥ʰiːʔ
禮 *riːʔ
澧 *riːʔ
醴 *riːʔ
豊 *riːʔ
鱧 *riːʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *r̥ʰiːʔ): semantic 骨 (“bone”) + phonetic 豊 (OC *riːʔ).

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sri (“to exist”) (Benedict, 1976); cognate with Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-ri(t), whence Tibetan སྲིད་པ (srid pa) and Burmese ရှိ (hri., “to be, to exist”).

Schuessler (2007) derives Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“live, alive, green, raw”) from this root, yet points out that 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs)'s initial *sr- cluster was retained instead of becoming voiceless /r̥/ as in 體 (OC *r̥ʰiːʔ), possibly owing to re-analysis of *s- as a causative prefix.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • tǐ - usual pronunciation;
  • tī - Mainland variant, only used in 體己.
  • Cantonese
  • Gan
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • thái/thóe/thuíⁿ - colloquial;
    • thé - literary.
    Note:
    • toi2 - vernacular;
    • ti2 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 體
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 透 (6)
    Final (韻) 齊 (39)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) IV
    Fanqie 他禮切
    Baxter thejX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/tʰeiX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/tʰeiX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/tʰɛiX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/tʰɛjX/
    Li
    Rong         		/tʰeiX/
    Wang
    Li         		/tʰieiX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/tʰieiX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		tǐ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		tai2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 體
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		tǐ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ thejX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*r̥ˁijʔ/
    English body; limbs

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 體
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 7837
    Phonetic
    component         		豊
    Rime
    group         		脂
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		體
    Old
    Chinese         		/*r̥ʰiːʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    體

    1. body
      身體／身体  ―  shēntǐ  ―  body
    2. part of the body
      肢體／肢体  ―  zhītǐ  ―  limb
    3. state of a substance
      固體／固体  ―  gùtǐ  ―  solid state
    4. whole entity
      物體／物体  ―  wùtǐ  ―  object
    5. form; structure
      體制／体制  ―  tǐzhì  ―  system of organization
    6. (literature) style; form; genre; structure
      文體／文体  ―  wéntǐ  ―  literary form
    7. style of calligraphy
      隸體／隶体  ―  lìtǐ  ―  clerical script
      聖書體／圣书体  ―  shèngshūtǐ  ―  hieroglyph
    8. typeface
      宋體／宋体  ―  sòngtǐ  ―  Song typeface
    9. three-dimensional object
      正方體／正方体  ―  zhèngfāngtǐ  ―  cube
    10. principle
    11. (Mainland China, grammar) aspect of a verb
      進行體／进行体  ―  jìnxíngtǐ  ―  progressive aspect
    12. to do or experience personally
      身體力行／身体力行  ―  shēntǐlìxíng  ―  to practise what one advocates
      體驗／体验  ―  tǐyàn  ―  to learn through experience
    13. to put oneself in someone else's position
      體恤／体恤  ―  tǐxù  ―  to understand and sympathize with
    14. (Philippines Hokkien) manner; attitude; behavior
    15. a surname

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 體

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai

    		体

    Kyūjitai

    		體

    Kanji[edit]

    體

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 体)

    1. body

    Readings[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 體 (MC tʰeiX). Recorded as Middle Korean 톄〮 (thyéy) (Yale: thyéy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    體 (eumhun 몸 체 (mom che))

    1. Hanja form? of 체 (“body; shape; form”).
    2. Hanja form? of 체 (“matter; object”).
    3. Hanja form? of 체 (“style; handwriting”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    體: Hán Nôm readings: thể

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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