体操

See also: 體操

Chinese

For pronunciation and definitions of 体操 – see 體操 (“gymnastics”). (This term is the simplified form of 體操).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Alternative spelling
體操 (kyūjitai)

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

体操

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Gymnastics

Wikipedia

Apparently coined in Japanese from Middle Chinese-derived elements, as a compound of 体 (tai, “body”) +‎ 操 (sō, “control, manipulate”). First cited in education-related materials from the early Meiji Period in the early 1870s, as part of educational reforms that included the addition of physical education to school curricula.^[1]^[2]^[3]

体(たい)操(そう) • (taisō) ^{←たいさう (taisau)^?}

[from 1873] gymnastics, exercises, calisthenics
テレビを見(み)ながら体操(たいそう)をする
terebi o mi nagara taisō o suru
do exercises while watching TV
[1873 to late 1940s] (archaic, education) physical education, PE (replaced by the term 体育 (taiiku))

体(たい)操(そう)する • (taisō suru) ^{←たいさう (taisau)^?}suru (stem 体(たい)操(そう)し (taisō shi), past 体(たい)操(そう)した (taisō shita))

Conjugation of "体操する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	体操し	たいそうし	taisō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	体操し	たいそうし	taisō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	体操する	たいそうする	taisō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	体操する	たいそうする	taisō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	体操すれ	たいそうすれ	taisō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	体操せよ¹ 体操しろ²	たいそうせよ¹ たいそうしろ²	taisō seyo¹ taisō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	体操される	たいそうされる	taisō sareru
Causative	体操させる体操さす	たいそうさせるたいそうさす	taisō saseru taisō sasu
Potential	体操できる	たいそうできる	taisō dekiru
Volitional	体操しよう	たいそうしよう	taisō shiyō
Negative	体操しない	たいそうしない	taisō shinai
Negative continuative	体操せず	たいそうせず	taisō sezu
Formal	体操します	たいそうします	taisō shimasu
Perfective	体操した	たいそうした	taisō shita
Conjunctive	体操して	たいそうして	taisō shite
Hypothetical conditional	体操すれば	たいそうすれば	taisō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ “体操”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
^ “体操”, in 世界大百科事典第２版 (Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten Dainihan, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Second Edition”)‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 1998
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN