新加坡

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (新加坡)		新	加	坡
simp. #(新加坡)		新	加	坡

Etymology

Borrowed from English Singapore, from Malay Singapura, from Sanskrit सिंहपुर (siṃhá-pura), from सिंह (siṃha, “lion”) +‎ पुर (pura, “city”).

Attested since the late 1870s, and was selected as the official Chinese name for the country by the Singaporean government in 1972, after which it gradually supplanted its homophonous variant 新嘉坡 (Xīnjiāpō).

Shanghainese sense from 莘嘉浦 via phono-semantic matching.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Xīnjiāpō, Xīnjiābō

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄆㄛ, ㄒㄧㄣ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄅㄛ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): san¹ gaa³ bo¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): Sîn-kâ-phô / Sîn-kâ-po

  (Hailu, HRS): sin^ˋ ga^ˋ po^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): xin¹ ga¹ po¹

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): Sin-ka-pho / Sin-kee-pho / Sin-ka-po

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sing¹ gia¹ bo¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹shin-ka-phu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Xīnjiāpō
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄆㄛ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Sinjiapo
    • Wade–Giles: Hsin¹-chia¹-pʻo¹
    • Yale: Syīn-jyā-pwō
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shinjiapo
    • Palladius: Синьцзяпо (Sinʹczjapo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 新加坡 新嘉坡

      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Xīnjiābō
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄅㄛ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Sinjiabo
    • Wade–Giles: Hsin¹-chia¹-po¹
    • Yale: Syīn-jyā-bwō
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shinjiabo
    • Palladius: Синьцзябо (Sinʹczjabo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: san¹ gaa³ bo¹
    • Yale: sān ga bō
    • Cantonese Pinyin: san¹ gaa³ bo¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sen¹ ga³ bo¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn⁵⁵ kaː³³ pɔː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sîn-kâ-phô / Sîn-kâ-po
    • Hakka Romanization System: xin^ˊ ga^ˊ po^ˊ / xin^ˊ ga^ˊ bo
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xin¹ ga¹ po¹ / xin¹ ga¹ bo⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /sin²⁴⁻¹¹ ka²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰo²⁴/, /sin²⁴⁻¹¹ ka²⁴⁻¹¹ po⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: sin^ˋ ga^ˋ po^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /sin⁵³ ka⁵³ pʰo⁵³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: xin¹ ga¹ po¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ɕin⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴ pʰo⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Kinmen, Jinjiang, Philippines, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sin-ka-pho
    • Tâi-lô: Sin-ka-pho
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sinkaphoy
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰo⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɤ⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /sin³³ ka³³ pʰo³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen, Singapore): /sin⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sin-kee-pho
    • Tâi-lô: Sin-kee-pho
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Penang, Singapore, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sin-ka-po
    • Tâi-lô: Sin-ka-po
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sinka'poy
    • Sinological IPA (Philippines): /sin³³ ka³³ po³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Singapore): /sin⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² po⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Penang): /sin³³⁻²¹ ka³³⁻²¹ po³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sing¹ gia¹ bo¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sing kia po
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ³³⁻²³ kia³³⁻²³ po³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹shin-ka-phu
    • MiniDict: shin^平 ka phu
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹xin-ka-phu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕin⁵⁵ ka³³ pʰu²¹/

Proper noun

新加坡

1. Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony and state of Malaysia (1963-1965); official name: 新加坡共和國 / 新加坡共和国)

   新加坡在1969年廢除了陪審團制度，因此所有刑事案件的被告人均由法官審判。 [MSC, trad.]
   新加坡在1969年废除了陪审团制度，因此所有刑事案件的被告人均由法官审判。 [MSC, simp.]

   Xīnjiāpō zài 1969 nián fèichú le péishěntuán zhìdù, yīncǐ suǒyǒu xíngshì ànjiàn de bèigàorén jūn yóu fǎguān shěnpàn. [Pinyin]

   Singapore abolished its jury system in 1969, so all criminal defendants are tried before judges.

   • 1878, 李圭, 環遊地球新錄, volume 4, page 40:

     辰初三刻抵西貢，由新加坡至此二千四百二十一里。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     辰初三刻抵西贡，由新加坡至此二千四百二十一里。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     Chén chū sān kè dǐ Xīgòng, yóu Xīnjiāpō zhì cǐ èr qiān sì bǎi èrshíyī lǐ. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1894, 崔國因, 出使美日祕國日記, volume 2, page 30:

     按婆羅洲正當赤道之中，與新加坡同緯綫，其地極熱草木暢茂。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     按婆罗洲正当赤道之中，与新加坡同纬线，其地极热草木畅茂。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     Àn Póluózhōu zhèng dāng chìdào zhī zhōng, yǔ Xīnjiāpō tóng wěixiàn, qí dì jí rè cǎomù chàng mào. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (Shanghainese, slang) Xinzhuang, Jiading and Pudong collectively; three areas in Shanghai surrounding Puxi

Synonyms

• 坡國／坡国 (Pōguó)
• (dated) 新嘉坡 (Xīnjiāpō), 新嘉波 (Xīnjiābō), 星架坡 (Xīngjiàpō), 星架波 (Xīngjiàbō)
• (regional, dated) 息力, 實叻埠／实叻埠

Dialectal synonyms of 新加坡 (“Singapore”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		新加坡
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	新加坡
	Malaysia	新加坡, 新國
	Singapore	新加坡, 星洲 nickname, 獅城 nickname, 小紅點 nickname, 石叻 dated, 石叻埠 dated, 叻埠 dated
Cantonese	Guangzhou	星加坡, 叻埠
	Hong Kong	新加坡, 星加坡, 星國, 星洲 nickname, 叻埠 dated
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	星加坡
	Penang (Guangfu)	星加坡
	Singapore (Guangfu)	星加坡
Southern Min	Xiamen	新加坡, 實叻 dated
	Quanzhou	新加坡
	Zhangzhou	新加坡
	Penang (Hokkien)	新加坡, 實叻坡
	Singapore (Hokkien)	新加坡, 獅城, 實叻 dated
	Manila (Hokkien)	新加坡
	Jieyang	實叻 dated, 叻埠 dated
	Singapore (Teochew)	新加坡, 星洲
	Singapore (Hainanese)	新加坡
Wu	Shanghai	新加坡

Derived terms

• 新加坡元 (Xīnjiāpōyuán)
• 新加坡共和國 / 新加坡共和国 (Xīnjiāpō Gònghéguó)
• 李家坡 (Lǐjiāpō)

References

• Duffus, William (1883), “Singapore”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 245

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
新	加	坡

Proper noun

新加坡

1. chữ Hán form of Tân Gia Ba (“(dated or historical) Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony and state of Malaysia (1963-1965))”)

Adjective

新加坡

1. chữ Hán form of Tân Gia Ba (“(dated) Singaporean”)