सिंह

See also: साही, सही, सह, सेही, and सौंह

Hindi

सिंह

सिंह तारामंडल

सिंह महागुच्छ

Alternative forms

• सिंघ (siṅgh)

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सिंह (siṃha).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /sɪŋɡʱ/, [sɪ̃ŋɡʱ]

Noun

सिंह • (siṅh) m (female equivalent सिंहनी, Urdu spelling سنہ)

1. lion

   Synonym: शेर (śer)

Declension

Declension of सिंह (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	सिंह siṅh	सिंह siṅh
oblique	सिंह siṅh	सिंहों siṅhõ
vocative	सिंह siṅh	सिंहो siṅho

Proper noun

सिंह • (sĩh) m or f by sense

1. (astrology) Leo
2. (astronomy) Leo constellation

   Synonym: सिंह तारामंडल (sĩh tārāmaṇḍal)

3. (astronomy) Leo supercluster
4. a surname, Singh, from Sanskrit, used by Kshatriyas and Sikhs

Declension

NOTE: This term is declined masculine or feminine according to the gender of the referent.

Declension of सिंह (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	सिंह sĩh	सिंह sĩh
oblique	सिंह sĩh	सिंहों sĩhõ
vocative	सिंह sĩh	सिंहो sĩho

Declension of सिंह (fem cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	सिंह sĩh	सिंहें sĩhẽ
oblique	सिंह sĩh	सिंहों sĩhõ
vocative	सिंह sĩh	सिंहो sĩho

See also

Zodiac signs in Hindi · राशि (rāśi) (layout · text)
मेष (meṣ) ("ram"; Aries)	वृषभ (vŕṣabh) ("bull"; Taurus)	मिथुन (mithun) ("twins"; Gemini)	कर्क (kark) ("crab"; Cancer)
सिंह (sĩh) ("lion"; Leo)	कन्या (kanyā) ("virgin"; Virgo)	तुला (tulā) ("balance"; Libra)	वृश्चिक (vŕścik) ("scorpion"; Scorpio)
धनु (dhanu) ("bow"; Sagittarius)	मकर (makar) ("sea-goat"; Capricorn)	कुंभ (kumbh) ("water-pot"; Aquarius)	मीन (mīn) ("fish"; Pisces)

References

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “सिंह”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 5105
• Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “सिंह”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 807
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “सिंह”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 1012
• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “सिंह”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, page 656.

Marathi

सिंह

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सिंह (siṃha). First attested as Old Marathi 𑘭𑘲𑘽𑘮𑘰𑘚𑘰 (sīṃhāḍā, “lion”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /siu.ɦə/
• Hyphenation: सिं‧ह
• Rhymes: -ə

Noun

सिंह • (siuha) m

1. lion

   Synonym: केसरी (kesrī)

2. (astrology) the zodiacal sign Leo or its lagna
3. (astronomy) the constellation Leo
4. (figuratively) hero, an eminent person

Declension

Declension of सिंह (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	सिंह siuha
direct plural	सिंह siuha
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	सिंह siuha		सिंह siuha
oblique सामान्यरूप	सिंहा siuhā		सिंहां- siuhān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	सिंहाला siuhālā		सिंहांना siuhānnā
ergative	सिंहाने, सिंहानं siuhāne, siuhāna		सिंहांनी siuhānnī
instrumental	सिंहाशी siuhāśī		सिंहांशी siuhānśī
locative सप्तमी	सिंहात siuhāt		सिंहांत siuhāt
vocative संबोधन	सिंहा siuhā		सिंहांनो siuhānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of सिंह (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	सिंहाचा siuhāċā	सिंहाचे siuhāċe	सिंहाची siuhācī	सिंहाच्या siuhācā	सिंहाचे, सिंहाचं siuhāċe, siuhāċa	सिंहाची siuhācī	सिंहाच्या siuhācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	सिंहांचा siuhānċā	सिंहांचे siuhānċe	सिंहांची siuhāñcī	सिंहांच्या siuhāncā	सिंहांचे, सिंहांचं siuhānċe, siuhānċa	सिंहांची siuhāñcī	सिंहांच्या siuhāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

See also

Zodiac signs in Marathi · रास (rās) (layout · text)
मेष (meṣ)	वृषभ (vruṣabh)	मिथुन (mithun)	कर्क (karka)
सिंह (siuha)	कन्या (kanyā)	तूळ (tūḷ)	वृश्चिक (vruścik)
धनु (dhanu)	मकर (makar)	कुंभ (kumbha)	मीन (mīn)

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “सिंह”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Shankar Gopal Tulpule; Anne Feldhaus (1999), “सिंहाडा”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan

Nepali

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सिंह (siṃha).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [siŋɦʌ], [sĩɦʌ]
• Phonetic Devanagari: सिङ्ह, or सिंहअ

Noun

सिंह • (siṅha)

1. lion
2. (astronomy) The constellation Leo
3. (astrology) A Leo

See also

Zodiac signs in Nepali · राशि (rāśi) (layout · text)
मेष (meṣ)	वृष (vr̥ṣ)	मिथुन (mithuna)	कर्कट (karkaṭ)
सिंह (siṅha)	कन्या (kanyā)	तुला (tulā)	वृश्चिक (vr̥ścik)
धनु (dhanu)	मकर (makar)	कुम्भ (kumbha)	मीन (mīna)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• সিংহ (Assamese script)
• ᬲᬶᬂᬳ (Balinese script)
• সিংহ (Bengali script)
• 𑰭𑰰𑰽𑰮 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀳 (Brahmi script)
• သိံဟ (Burmese script)
• સિંહ (Gujarati script)
• ਸਿਂਹ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌸𑌿𑌂𑌹 (Grantha script)
• ꦱꦶꦁꦲ (Javanese script)
• 𑂮𑂱𑂁𑂯 (Kaithi script)
• ಸಿಂಹ (Kannada script)
• សិំហ (Khmer script)
• ສິໍຫ (Lao script)
• സിംഹ (Malayalam script)
• ᢀ᠋ᠰ᠌ᡳᡥᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘭𑘱𑘽𑘮 (Modi script)
• ᢀ᠋ᠰᠢᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧍𑧒𑧞𑧎 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳𑐶𑑄𑐴 (Newa script)
• ସିଂହ (Odia script)
• ꢱꢶꢀꢲ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱𑆴𑆁𑆲 (Sharada script)
• 𑖭𑖰𑖽𑖮 (Siddham script)
• සිංහ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪁𑩑𑪖𑪂 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚨𑚮𑚫𑚩 (Takri script)
• ஸிஂஹ (Tamil script)
• సింహ (Telugu script)
• สิํห (Thai script)
• སིཾ་ཧ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮𑒱𑓀𑒯 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨰𑨁𑨸𑨱 (Zanabazar Square script)

सिंह

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-Iranian *sinȷ́ʰás

Proto-Indo-Aryan *sinźʰás

Sanskrit सिंह

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *sinźʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sinȷ́ʰás, from dialectal Proto-Indo-European *sinǵʰós, ultimately a borrowing from a Central Asian substrate language. Cognate with Old Armenian ինձ (inj).

Pronunciation

• (Rigveda) IPA^(key): /sin.ɦɐ́/, /sĩ.ɦɐ́/
• (Yajurveda chanting) IPA^(key): /si.ɡm̩.ɦɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /s̪ĩ.ɦɐ/

Noun

सिं॒ह • (siṃhá) stem, m

1. lion
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.83.3:

     र॒थीव॒ कश॒याश्वाँ॑ अभिक्षि॒पन्ना॒विर्दू॒तान्कृ॑णुते व॒र्ष्याँ॒३॒॑ अह॑ ।
     दू॒रात्सिं॒हस्य॑ स्त॒नथा॒ उदी॑रते॒ यत्प॒र्जन्यः॑ कृणु॒ते व॒र्ष्यं१॒॑ नभः॑ ॥

     rathī́va káśayā́śvām̐ abhikṣipánnāvírdūtā́nkṛṇute varṣyā̀m̐ áha.
     dūrā́tsiṃhásya stanáthā údīrate yátparjányaḥ kṛṇuté varṣyàṃ nábhaḥ.

     Like a car-driver whipping on his horses, he makes the messengers of rain spring forward.
     The roaring of the lion resounds from far when Parjanya fills the sky with rain-cloud.

2. (astrology) the zodiacal sign Leo or its lagna
3. hero, eminent person
4. a particular form of temple
5. a particular place prepared for the building of a house
6. a Moringa with red flowers
7. (music) a kind of tune
8. the symbol or emblem of the 24th arhat of the present avasarpini

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of सिं॒ह

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	सिं॒हः (siṃháḥ)	सिं॒हौ (siṃháu) सिं॒हा¹ (siṃhā́¹)	सिं॒हाः (siṃhā́ḥ) सिं॒हासः॑¹ (siṃhā́saḥ¹)
accusative	सिं॒हम् (siṃhám)	सिं॒हौ (siṃháu) सिं॒हा¹ (siṃhā́¹)	सिं॒हान् (siṃhā́n)
instrumental	सिं॒हेन॑ (siṃhéna)	सिं॒हाभ्या॑म् (siṃhā́bhyām)	सिं॒हैः (siṃháiḥ) सिं॒हेभिः॑¹ (siṃhébhiḥ¹)
dative	सिं॒हाय॑ (siṃhā́ya)	सिं॒हाभ्या॑म् (siṃhā́bhyām)	सिं॒हेभ्यः॑ (siṃhébhyaḥ)
ablative	सिं॒हात् (siṃhā́t)	सिं॒हाभ्या॑म् (siṃhā́bhyām)	सिं॒हेभ्यः॑ (siṃhébhyaḥ)
genitive	सिं॒हस्य॑ (siṃhásya)	सिं॒हयोः॑ (siṃháyoḥ)	सिं॒हाना॑म् (siṃhā́nām)
locative	सिं॒हे (siṃhé)	सिं॒हयोः॑ (siṃháyoḥ)	सिं॒हेषु॑ (siṃhéṣu)
vocative	सिंह॑ (síṃha)	सिंहौ॑ (síṃhau) सिंहा॑¹ (síṃhā¹)	सिंहाः॑ (síṃhāḥ) सिंहा॑सः¹ (síṃhāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

• सिंहकेसर (siṃhakesara)
• सिंहदंष्ट्र (siṃhadaṃṣṭra)
• सिंहद्वार (siṃhadvāra)
• सिंहपुर (siṃhapura)
• सिंहबल (siṃhabala)
• सिंहवाहिनी (siṃhavāhinī)
• सिंहाचल (siṃhācala)
• सिंहावलोकन (siṃhāvalokana)
• सिंहासन (siṃhāsana)
• सिंहास्य (siṃhāsya)
• सिंहिका (siṃhikā)

Descendants

Inherited

• Dardic:
  • Kashmiric:
    • Kashmiri: सॖह (sụh)
• Prakrit: 𑀲𑀻𑀳 (sīha), 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀖 (siṃgha), 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀳 (siṃha) — Śaurasenī, 𑀰𑀺𑀁𑀳 (śiṃha) — Māgadhī
  • Central Indo-Aryan:
    • Old Hindi:
      • Hindi: सिंघ (siṅgh)
      • Urdu: سنگھ (siṅgh)
  • Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
    • Punjabi: ਸ਼ੀਂਹ (śī̃h)
• Pali: sīha
  • → Burmese: သိဟ် (sih), သီဟ (siha.) (learned)
  • → Khmer: សីហា (səyhaa), សីហៈ (səyhaʼ) (learned)
  • → Shan: သီႇႁႃႉ (sìi hâ̰a) (learned)
  • → Thai: สีห์ (sǐi), สีหะ (learned)

Borrowed

• → Assamese: সিংহ (xiṅho)
  • → Karbi: hingho
  • → Mising: ইংগ (iṅgo)
• → Bengali: সিংহ (śiṅho)
  • → Kokborok: singho
  • → Garo: singho
• → Bhojpuri: सिंह (sinh)
• → Bishnupriya Manipuri: সিংহ
• → Gondi: చిహొ (ciho)
• → Gujarati: સિંહ (sĩh)
• → Hindi: सिंह (sĩh), سنہ (siṅh)
• → Kannada: ಸಿಂಹ (siṃha)
• → Lao: ສິງ (sing), ສິງຫາ (sing hā)
• → Lü: ᦉᦲᧂ (ṡiing)
• → Classical Malay: [Term?]
  • Malay: singa
    • → Bau Bidayuh: singa
    • → Central Melanau: singa
    • > Indonesian: singa (inherited)
      • → Nalca: singa
    • → Maranao: singa
• → Malayalam: സിംഹം (siṁhaṁ), ചിങ്ങം (ciṅṅaṁ)
  • → Malavedan: ചിമുകം (cimukaṁ)
• → Marathi: सिंह (siuha)
• → Nepali: सिंह (siṅha)
• → Old Javanese: [script needed] (siṅha)
  • Javanese: ꦱꦶꦔ (singa)
  • → Sundanese: ᮞᮤᮍ (singa)
• → Old Khmer: សិង្ហ (siṅha), សិង៑ (siṅ)
  • Khmer: សិង្ហ (sənghɑɑ), សឹង្ហ (səng)
• → Odia: ସିଂହ (siṁha)
• → Sinhalese: සිංහයා (siṁhayā)
• → Tamil: சிங்கம் (ciṅkam), சிம்மம் (cimmam), சிம்ஹம் (cimham)
• → Telugu: సింహము (siṁhamu)
• → Thai: สิงห์ (sǐng)
• → Tibetan: སེངྒེ (sengge)
• → Tulu: ಸಿಂಹ (siṃha)

See also

Zodiac signs in Sanskrit · राशिचक्र (rāśicakra) (layout · text)
मेष (meṣa)	वृषभ (vṛṣabha)	मिथुन (mithuna)	कर्कटक (karkaṭaka)
सिंह (siṃha)	कन्या (kanyā)	तुला (tulā)	वृश्चिक (vṛścika)
धनु (dhanu)	मकर (makara)	कुम्भ (kumbha)	मीन (mīna)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “सिंह”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1213, column 1.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 727