कन्या
Appearance
See also: कनिया
Hindi
[edit]
Alternative forms
[edit]- कनिया (kaniyā)
Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कन्या (kanyā). Doublet of कनीज़ (kanīz).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Hindi) IPA(key): /kən.jɑː/, [kɐ̃ɲ.jäː]
Noun
[edit]कन्या • (kanyā) f (Urdu spelling کنیا)
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | कन्या kanyā |
कन्याएँ kanyāẽ |
| oblique | कन्या kanyā |
कन्याओं kanyāõ |
| vocative | कन्या kanyā |
कन्याओ kanyāo |
Derived terms
[edit]- कन्यादान (kanyādān)
Proper noun
[edit]कन्या • (kanyā) f (Urdu spelling کنیا)
- (astrology) Virgo
- (astronomy) Virgo constellation
- Synonym: कन्या तारामंडल (kanyā tārāmaṇḍal)
Declension
[edit]| singular | |
|---|---|
| direct | कन्या kanyā |
| oblique | कन्या kanyā |
| vocative | कन्या kanyā |
See also
[edit]| Zodiac signs in Hindi · राशि (rāśi) (layout · text) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
मेष (meṣ) ("ram"; Aries) |
वृषभ (vŕṣabh) ("bull"; Taurus) |
मिथुन (mithun) ("twins"; Gemini) |
कर्क (kark) ("crab"; Cancer) | ||||||||
सिंह (sĩh) ("lion"; Leo) |
कन्या (kanyā) ("virgin"; Virgo) |
तुला (tulā) ("balance"; Libra) |
वृश्चिक (vŕścik) ("scorpion"; Scorpio) | ||||||||
धनु (dhanu) ("bow"; Sagittarius) |
मकर (makar) ("sea-goat"; Capricorn) |
कुंभ (kumbh) ("water-pot"; Aquarius) |
मीन (mīn) ("fish"; Pisces) | ||||||||
References
[edit]- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “कन्या”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 779
- Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “कन्या”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 116
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “कन्या”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 165
- Bahri, Hardev (1989), “कन्या”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, page 88.
Marathi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कन्या (kanyā). First attested as Old Marathi 𑘎𑘡𑘿𑘧𑘰 (kanyā).
Noun
[edit]कन्या • (kanyā) f
- girl
- Synonym: मुलगी (mulgī)
- daughter
- (astronomy) The constellation Virgo
- (astrology) the sign of the zodiac Virgo
- virgin
- Synonym: कुमारी (kumārī)
Declension
[edit]| Declension of कन्या (fem ā-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
कन्या kanyā | ||
| direct plural |
कन्या kanyā | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
कन्या kanyā |
कन्या kanyā | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
कन्ये kanye |
कन्यां- kanyān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
कन्येला kanyelā |
कन्यांना kanyānnā | |
| ergative | कन्येने, कन्येनं kanyene, kanyena |
कन्यांनी kanyānnī | |
| instrumental | कन्येशी kanyeśī |
कन्यांशी kanyānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
कन्येत kanyet |
कन्यांत kanyāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
कन्ये kanye |
कन्यांनो kanyānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of कन्या (fem ā-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
कन्येचा kanyeċā |
कन्येचे kanyeċe |
कन्येची kanyecī |
कन्येच्या kanyecā |
कन्येचे, कन्येचं kanyeċe, kanyeċa |
कन्येची kanyecī |
कन्येच्या kanyecā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
कन्यांचा kanyānċā |
कन्यांचे kanyānċe |
कन्यांची kanyāñcī |
कन्यांच्या kanyāncā |
कन्यांचे, कन्यांचं kanyānċe, kanyānċa |
कन्यांची kanyāñcī |
कन्यांच्या kanyāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
Derived terms
[edit]- कन्यादान (kanyādān)
See also
[edit]| Zodiac signs in Marathi · रास (rās) (layout · text) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
मेष (meṣ) |
वृषभ (vŕṣabh) |
मिथुन (mithun) |
कर्क (karka) | ||||||||
सिंह (siuha) |
कन्या (kanyā) |
तूळ (tūḷ) |
वृश्चिक (vŕścik) | ||||||||
धनु (dhanu) |
मकर (makar) |
कुंभ (kumbha) |
मीन (mīn) | ||||||||
References
[edit]- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “कन्या”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “कन्या”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Nepali
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कन्या (kanyā).
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): [kʌnjä]
- Phonetic Devanagari: कन्या
- IPA(key): [kʌnːjä]
- Phonetic Devanagari: क्aन्न्y्ā
Noun
[edit]कन्या • (kanyā) f
- girl
- Synonym: केटी (keṭī)
- virgin
- Synonym: कुमारी (kumārī)
- (astronomy) The constellation Virgo
- (astrology) A virgo
See also
[edit]| Zodiac signs in Nepali · राशि (rāśi) (layout · text) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
मेष (meṣ) |
वृष (vr̥ṣ) |
मिथुन (mithuna) |
कर्कट (karkaṭ) | ||||||||
सिंह (siṅha) |
कन्या (kanyā) |
तुला (tulā) |
वृश्चिक (vr̥ścik) | ||||||||
धनु (dhanu) |
मकर (makar) |
कुम्भ (kumbha) |
मीन (mīna) | ||||||||
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- কন্যা (Assamese script)
- ᬓᬦ᭄ᬬᬵ (Balinese script)
- কন্যা (Bengali script)
- 𑰎𑰡𑰿𑰧𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀓𑀦𑁆𑀬𑀸 (Brahmi script)
- ကနျာ (Burmese script)
- કન્યા (Gujarati script)
- ਕਨ੍ਯਾ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌕𑌨𑍍𑌯𑌾 (Grantha script)
- ꦏꦤꦾꦴ (Javanese script)
- 𑂍𑂢𑂹𑂨𑂰 (Kaithi script)
- ಕನ್ಯಾ (Kannada script)
- កន្យា (Khmer script)
- ກນ຺ຍາ (Lao script)
- കന്യാ (Malayalam script)
- ᡬᠠᠨᠶᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
- 𑘎𑘡𑘿𑘧𑘰 (Modi script)
- ᢉᠠᠨᠶᠠᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦮𑧁𑧠𑧇𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐎𑐣𑑂𑐫𑐵 (Newa script)
- କନ୍ଯା (Odia script)
- ꢒꢥ꣄ꢫꢵ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆑𑆤𑇀𑆪𑆳 (Sharada script)
- 𑖎𑖡𑖿𑖧𑖯 (Siddham script)
- කන්යා (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩜𑩯 𑪙𑩻𑩛 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚊𑚝𑚶𑚣𑚭 (Takri script)
- கந்யா (Tamil script)
- కన్యా (Telugu script)
- กนฺยา (Thai script)
- ཀ་ནྱཱ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒏𑒢𑓂𑒨𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨋𑨝𑩇𑨪𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-Aryan *kanyáH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kanyáH (“maiden, virgin, unmarried girl”), from Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“new, fresh”).[1] Cognate with Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬁 (kaniiā, “maiden”), Middle Persian [script needed] (knykʿ /kanīg/) (whence Persian کنیز (kaniz)), Latin re-cēns (“recent; fresh; young”), Ancient Greek καινός (kainós, “new”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]क॒न्या॑ • (kanyā̀) stem, f
- maiden, virgin, unmarried girl
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.58.9:
- क॒न्या॑ इव वह॒तुमेत॒वा उ॑ अ॒ञ्ज्य॑ञ्जा॒ना अ॒भि चा॑कशीमि।
यत्र॒ सोमः॑ सू॒यते॒ यत्र॑ य॒ज्ञो घृ॒तस्य॒ धारा॑ अ॒भि तत्प॑वन्ते॥- kanyā̀ iva vahatúmétavā́ u añjyàñjānā́ abhí cākaśīmi.
yátra sómaḥ sūyáte yátra yajñó ghṛtásya dhā́rā abhí tátpavante. - As maidens dock themselves with gay adornment to join the bridal feast, I now behold them.
Where Soma flows and sacrifice is ready, thither the streams of holy oil are running.
- kanyā̀ iva vahatúmétavā́ u añjyàñjānā́ abhí cākaśīmi.
- क॒न्या॑ इव वह॒तुमेत॒वा उ॑ अ॒ञ्ज्य॑ञ्जा॒ना अ॒भि चा॑कशीमि।
- a daughter
- (astrology) the sign of the zodiac Virgo
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | क॒न्या॑ (kanyā̀) | क॒न्ये॑ (kanyè) | क॒न्याः॑ (kanyā̀ḥ) |
| accusative | क॒न्या॑म् (kanyā̀m) | क॒न्ये॑ (kanyè) | क॒न्याः॑ (kanyā̀ḥ) |
| instrumental | क॒न्य॑या (kanyàyā) क॒न्या॑¹ (kanyā̀¹) |
क॒न्या॑भ्याम् (kanyā̀bhyām) | क॒न्या॑भिः (kanyā̀bhiḥ) |
| dative | क॒न्या॑यै (kanyā̀yai) | क॒न्या॑भ्याम् (kanyā̀bhyām) | क॒न्या॑भ्यः (kanyā̀bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | क॒न्या॑याः (kanyā̀yāḥ) क॒न्या॑यै² (kanyā̀yai²) |
क॒न्या॑भ्याम् (kanyā̀bhyām) | क॒न्या॑भ्यः (kanyā̀bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | क॒न्या॑याः (kanyā̀yāḥ) क॒न्या॑यै² (kanyā̀yai²) |
क॒न्य॑योः (kanyàyoḥ) | क॒न्या॑नाम् (kanyā̀nām) |
| locative | क॒न्या॑याम् (kanyā̀yām) | क॒न्य॑योः (kanyàyoḥ) | क॒न्या॑सु (kanyā̀su) |
| vocative | कन्ये॑ (kánye) | कन्ये॑ (kánye) | कन्याः॑ (kányāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
Derived terms
[edit]- अकन्या (ákanyā)
- कन्याग्रहण (kanyāgrahaṇa, “taking a girl in marriage”)
- कन्याट (kanyāṭa, “following after young girls”)
- कन्यात्व (kanyātva, “virginity”)
- कन्यादातृ (kanyādātṛ, “man who gives a daughter in marriage”)
- कन्यादान (kanyādāna, “bestowal of a daughter in marriage”)
- कन्याभर्तृ (kanyābhartṛ, “a daughter's husband, son-in-law”)
- कन्याभाव (kanyābhāva, “virginity, maidenhood”)
- कन्यार्थिन् (kanyārthin, “wanting or desiring a girl”)
- कन्यावत् (kanyāvat, “having a daughter, father”)
- कन्यावेदिन् (kanyāvedin, “son-in-law”)
Descendants
[edit]- Balinese: kanya
- Gandhari: 𐨐𐨎𐨙 (kaṃña)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (kaṇṇā)
- Pali: kaññā
- → Kannada: ಕನ್ಯೆ (kanye)
- → Burmese: ကန် (kan)
- → Hindustani:
- → Lü: ᦂᧃᦍᦱ (k̇anyaa)
- → Old Marathi:
- → Marathi: कन्या (kanyā)
- → Telugu: కన్య (kanya)
- → Thai: กันยา (gan-yaa)
- → Bhojpuri: 𑂍𑂢𑂱𑂨𑂰 (kaniyā)
See also
[edit]| Zodiac signs in Sanskrit · राशिचक्र (rāśicakra) (layout · text) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
मेष (meṣa) |
वृषभ (vṛṣabha) |
मिथुन (mithuna) |
कर्कटक (karkaṭaka) | ||||||||
सिंह (siṃha) |
कन्या (kanyā) |
तुला (tulā) |
वृश्चिक (vṛścika) | ||||||||
धनु (dhanu) |
मकर (makara) |
कुम्भ (kumbha) |
मीन (mīna) | ||||||||
References
[edit]- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “kanyā̀-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 297
Further reading
[edit]- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “कन्या”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- “कन्या” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 108.
- Monier Williams (1899), “कन्या”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0249, column 1.
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “कन्या”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 062
- Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 187
Categories:
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi learned borrowings from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi doublets
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi nouns
- Hindi feminine nouns
- Hindi feminine ā-stem nouns
- hi:Astrology
- hi:Astronomy
- Hindi uncountable nouns
- hi:Family
- hi:People
- hi:Children
- hi:Female family members
- Marathi terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Marathi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Marathi learned borrowings from Sanskrit
- Marathi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Marathi terms inherited from Old Marathi
- Marathi terms derived from Old Marathi
- Marathi lemmas
- Marathi nouns
- Marathi nouns in Devanagari script
- Marathi feminine nouns
- mr:Astronomy
- mr:Astrology
- Marathi nouns with declension
- Marathi feminine ā-stem nouns
- mr:Family
- Nepali terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Nepali learned borrowings from Sanskrit
- Nepali terms derived from Sanskrit
- Nepali terms with IPA pronunciation
- Nepali lemmas
- Nepali nouns
- Nepali feminine nouns
- ne:Astronomy
- ne:Astrology
- ne:Family
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit feminine nouns
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- sa:Astrology
- Sanskrit ā-stem nouns
- sa:Constellations in the zodiac
