刻
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]刻 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜人中弓 (YOLN), four-corner 02800, composition ⿰亥刂)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 139, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1970
- Dae Jaweon: page 316, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 337, character 2
- Unihan data for U+523B
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
刻 |
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Glyph origin
[edit]Old Chinese | |
---|---|
該 | *kɯː |
垓 | *kɯː |
賅 | *kɯː |
陔 | *kɯː |
豥 | *kɯː, *ɡɯː |
荄 | *kɯː, *krɯː |
郂 | *kɯː |
姟 | *kɯː |
絯 | *kɯː, *ɡrɯːʔ |
晐 | *kɯː |
峐 | *kɯː |
侅 | *kɯː, *kʰɯː, *ɡɯːʔ, *ɡrɯːʔ |
胲 | *kɯː |
頦 | *kɯːʔ, *ɡɯː |
奒 | *kʰɯː |
輆 | *kʰɯːʔ |
欬 | *kʰɯːɡs, *qraːds |
硋 | *ŋɡɯːɡs |
閡 | *ŋɡɯːɡs |
咳 | *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː |
孩 | *ɡɯː |
亥 | *ɡɯːʔ |
劾 | *ɡɯːɡs, *kʰrɯːɡs, *ɡɯːɡ |
痎 | *krɯː |
烗 | *kʰrɯːɡs |
骸 | *ɡrɯː |
駭 | *ɡrɯːʔ |
刻 | *kʰɯːɡ |
餩 | *qɯːɡ |
核 | *ɡuːd, *ɡrɯːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *kʰɯːɡ) : phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ) + semantic 刀.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ke2
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): kiet6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): keh4
- Northern Min (KCR): kă̤
- Eastern Min (BUC): káik
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7kheq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ke6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kè
- Wade–Giles: kʻo4
- Yale: kè
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: keh
- Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄜ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ke
- Wade–Giles: kʻo1
- Yale: kē
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ke
- Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɤ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ke2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ke
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɛ²¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: hak1 / haak1
- Yale: hāk / hāak
- Cantonese Pinyin: hak7 / haak7
- Guangdong Romanization: heg1 / hag1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɐk̚⁵/, /haːk̚⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: hak2
- Sinological IPA (key): /hak̚⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: kiet6
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiɛt̚⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khat / khiet
- Hakka Romanization System: kadˋ / kiedˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: kad5 / kiad5
- Sinological IPA: /kʰat̚²/, /kʰi̯et̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: keh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kă̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɛ²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: káik
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰaiʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Nan'an, Anxi, Tong'an)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiak
- Tâi-lô: khiak
- Phofsit Daibuun: qiag
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Nan'an)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kherk
- Tâi-lô: kherk
- IPA (Nan'an): /kʰək̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: kêg4 / kag4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khek / khak
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰek̚²/, /kʰak̚²/
Note:
- kêg4 - literary;
- kag4 - vernacular.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 刻 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /kʰɤ⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /kʰei²¹³/ /kʰɤ⁴⁴/ /kʰɤ⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /kʰɤ⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /kʰə²¹/ /kʰei²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /kʰə⁵⁵/ /kʰe⁵⁵/ | |
Zhengzhou | /kʰɤ²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /kʰei²¹/ | |
Xining | /kʰɨ⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /kʰa¹³/ /kʰə¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /kʰə¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /kʰɤ²¹³/ /kʰei⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /kʰɤ²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /kʰe³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /kʰɛ²¹/ | |
Kunming | /kʰə³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /kʰəʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /kʰɐʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /kʰəʔ²/ |
Pingyao | /kʰʌʔ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /kʰaʔ⁴³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /kʰəʔ⁵/ |
Suzhou | /kʰəʔ⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /kʰɑʔ⁵/ | |
Wenzhou | /kʰe²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /kʰeʔ²¹/ |
Tunxi | /kʰə⁵/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /kʰə²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /kʰæ²⁴/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /kʰiɛʔ⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /kʰet̚¹/ |
Taoyuan | /kʰet̚²²/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hɐk̚⁵/ /hak̚⁵/ |
Nanning | /kʰɐk̚⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /hɐk̚⁵/ /hak̚⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kʰik̚³²/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kʰaiʔ²³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kʰɛ²⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /kʰek̚²/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /xak̚⁵/ 雕~ /xɔk̚⁵/ 一~ |
- Middle Chinese: khok
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤək/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯːɡ/
Definitions
[edit]刻
- to carve; to cut a notch; to engrave
- to draw; to adorn
- to cut; to scratch
- to rigorously demand
- to restrict; to limit
- to damage; to prejudice
- to engrave on one's mind
- unkind; sarcastic; caustic
- urgent; pressing
- assiduous; diligent
- moment in time
- 此刻 ― cǐkè ― now [lit. this moment]
- A unit of time.
- (historical) 1⁄100 of one day; 14.4 minutes
- (modern) quarter of an hour; 15 minutes
Compounds
[edit]- 一刻 (yīkè)
- 一刻千金 (yīkèqiānjīn)
- 一時一刻/一时一刻 (yīshíyīkè)
- 一時半刻/一时半刻 (yīshíbànkè)
- 不消一刻
- 丹楹刻桷
- 乾刻版/干刻版
- 刊刻 (kānkè)
- 刻下 (kèxià)
- 刻不容緩/刻不容缓 (kèbùrónghuǎn)
- 刻刀
- 刻制
- 刻刻 (kèkè)
- 刻削
- 刻剝/刻剥
- 刻劃/刻划 (kèhuà)
- 刻印 (kèyìn)
- 刻可
- 刻字 (kèzì)
- 刻寫/刻写 (kèxiě)
- 刻峭
- 刻工 (kègōng)
- 刻度 (kèdù)
- 刻意 (kèyì)
- 刻日 (kèrì)
- 刻書/刻书
- 刻期 (kèqī)
- 刻木為吏/刻木为吏
- 刻本 (kèběn)
- 刻板 (kèbǎn)
- 刻板印象 (kèbǎn yìnxiàng)
- 刻毒 (kèdú)
- 刻深
- 刻漏 (kèlòu)
- 刻燭賦詩/刻烛赋诗
- 刻版印書/刻版印书
- 刻畫/刻画 (kèhuà)
- 刻畫入微/刻画入微
- 刻畫無鹽/刻画无盐
- 刻痕
- 刻石 (kèshí)
- 刻符
- 刻絲/刻丝 (kèsī)
- 刻肌刻骨
- 刻舟求劍/刻舟求剑 (kèzhōuqiújiàn)
- 刻苦 (kèkǔ)
- 刻苦耐勞/刻苦耐劳
- 刻著
- 刻薄 (kèbó)
- 刻薄寡恩
- 刻記/刻记
- 刻責/刻责
- 刻足適屨/刻足适屦
- 刻轢/刻轹
- 刻鏤/刻镂 (kèlòu)
- 刻鏤刀/刻镂刀
- 刻骨 (kègǔ)
- 刻骨銘心/刻骨铭心 (kègǔmíngxīn)
- 刻骨鏤心/刻骨镂心
- 刻鵠/刻鹄
- 刻鵠類鶩/刻鹄类鹜
- 功在漏刻
- 千金一刻
- 半刻 (bànkè)
- 半刻工夫
- 半日片刻
- 即刻 (jíkè)
- 叢刻/丛刻
- 合刻
- 嗇刻/啬刻
- 嚴刻/严刻 (yánkè)
- 坊刻本
- 大足石刻
- 官刻本
- 家刻本
- 少刻 (shǎokè)
- 尖刻 (jiānkè)
- 尖酸刻薄 (jiānsuānkèbó)
- 峻刻
- 嶧山刻石/峄山刻石
- 平面雕刻
- 引商刻羽
- 彫刻/雕刻 (diāokè)
- 彫蟲篆刻/雕虫篆刻
- 微刻 (wēikè)
- 忌刻 (jìkè)
- 掊刻
- 摹刻
- 摩崖石刻
- 時刻/时刻 (shíkè)
- 時刻不忘/时刻不忘
- 時刻表/时刻表 (shíkèbiǎo)
- 時時刻刻/时时刻刻 (shíshíkèkè)
- 晷刻
- 木刻 (mùkè)
- 木刻水印
- 木刻畫/木刻画
- 此刻 (cǐkè)
- 此時此刻/此时此刻 (cǐshícǐkè)
- 毛刻本
- 求劍刻舟/求剑刻舟
- 泰山刻石
- 深刻 (shēnkè)
- 漏刻
- 漏刻之間/漏刻之间
- 無時無刻/无时无刻 (wúshíwúkè)
- 片刻 (piànkè)
- 片刻不停
- 片刻不離/片刻不离
- 版刻 (bǎnkè)
- 瓷刻
- 痛心刻骨
- 百刻
- 石刻 (shíkè)
- 石刻史料
- 磨刻
- 秦刻石
- 立刻 (lìkè)
- 立時三刻/立时三刻
- 立時立刻/立时立刻
- 竹刻
- 篆刻 (zhuànkè)
- 精雕細刻/精雕细刻
- 缺刻
- 翻刻 (fānkè)
- 翻刻本
- 膚如刻畫/肤如刻画
- 苛刻 (kēkè)
- 蝕刻/蚀刻
- 裒刻
- 豐取刻與/丰取刻与
- 銘刻/铭刻 (míngkè)
- 銘心刻骨/铭心刻骨
- 鏤刻/镂刻
- 鏤心刻骨/镂心刻骨
- 鐫刻/镌刻 (juānkè)
- 閔刻本/闵刻本
- 關鍵時刻/关键时刻
- 附刻本
- 雕刻 (diāokè)
- 雕刻刀
- 雕刻匠
- 雕刻家 (diāokèjiā)
- 雕蟲篆刻/雕虫篆刻
- 頃刻/顷刻 (qǐngkè)
Japanese
[edit]Shinjitai | 刻 | |
Kyūjitai [1][2] |
刻󠄂 刻+ 󠄂 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
![]() |
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji
[edit]刻
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: こく (koku, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: こく (koku, Jōyō)
- Kun: きざむ (kizamu, 刻む, Jōyō); きざみ (kizami, 刻み); とき (toki, 刻)
- Nanori: とき (toki)
Compounds
[edit]*遅刻 (chikoku)
References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 刻 (MC khok). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄀᆞᆨ (kok) (Yale: kok) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Compounds
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]刻: Hán Nôm readings: khắc, gắt, khắt, khấc, lắc
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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