刻

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刻 U+523B, 刻
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-523B
← 刺
[U+523A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 刼 →
[U+523C]
U2f820.svg
刻 U+2F820, 刻
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F820
← 㓟
[U+2F81F] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 剆 →
[U+2F821]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character[edit]

刻 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜人中弓 (YOLN), four-corner 02800, composition ⿰亥刂)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 139, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1970
  • Dae Jaweon: page 316, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 337, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+523B

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 刻

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (亥) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
該 *kɯː
垓 *kɯː
賅 *kɯː
陔 *kɯː
豥 *kɯː, *ɡɯː
荄 *kɯː, *krɯː
郂 *kɯː
姟 *kɯː
絯 *kɯː, *ɡrɯːʔ
晐 *kɯː
峐 *kɯː
侅 *kɯː, *kʰɯː, *ɡɯːʔ, *ɡrɯːʔ
胲 *kɯː
頦 *kɯːʔ, *ɡɯː
奒 *kʰɯː
輆 *kʰɯːʔ
欬 *kʰɯːɡs, *qraːds
硋 *ŋɡɯːɡs
閡 *ŋɡɯːɡs
咳 *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː
孩 *ɡɯː
亥 *ɡɯːʔ
劾 *ɡɯːɡs, *kʰrɯːɡs, *ɡɯːɡ
痎 *krɯː
烗 *kʰrɯːɡs
骸 *ɡrɯː
駭 *ɡrɯːʔ
刻 *kʰɯːɡ
餩 *qɯːɡ
核 *ɡuːd, *ɡrɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰɯːɡ): phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ) + semantic 刀.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • kêg4 - literary;
  • kag4 - vernacular.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 刻
    Mandarin Beijing /kʰɤ⁵¹/
    Harbin /kʰei²¹³/
    /kʰɤ⁴⁴/
    /kʰɤ⁵³/
    Tianjin /kʰɤ⁴⁵/
    Jinan /kʰə²¹/
    /kʰei²¹³/
    Qingdao /kʰə⁵⁵/
    /kʰe⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /kʰɤ²⁴/
    Xi'an /kʰei²¹/
    Xining /kʰɨ⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /kʰa¹³/
    /kʰə¹³/
    Lanzhou /kʰə¹³/
    Ürümqi /kʰɤ²¹³/
    /kʰei⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /kʰɤ²¹³/
    Chengdu /kʰe³¹/
    Guiyang /kʰɛ²¹/
    Kunming /kʰə³¹/
    Nanjing /kʰəʔ⁵/
    Hefei /kʰɐʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /kʰəʔ²/
    Pingyao /kʰʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /kʰaʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /kʰəʔ⁵/
    Suzhou /kʰəʔ⁵/
    Hangzhou /kʰɑʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou /kʰe²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /kʰeʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /kʰə⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /kʰə²⁴/
    Xiangtan /kʰæ²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /kʰiɛʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /kʰet̚¹/
    Taoyuan /kʰet̚²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /hɐk̚⁵/
    /hak̚⁵/
    Nanning /kʰɐk̚⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /hɐk̚⁵/
    /hak̚⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kʰik̚³²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kʰaiʔ²³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kʰɛ²⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /kʰek̚²/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /xak̚⁵/ 雕～
    /xɔk̚⁵/ 一～
    Rime
    Character 刻
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
    Final (韻) 德 (131)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 苦得切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kʰək̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kʰək̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kʰək̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kʰək̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/kʰək̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/kʰək̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kʰək̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		ke
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		hak1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 刻
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		kè
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ khok ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[kʰ]ˁək/
    English cut, engrave

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 刻
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 4840
    Phonetic
    component         		亥
    Rime
    group         		職
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		刻
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kʰɯːɡ/

    Definitions[edit]

    刻

    1. to carve; to cut a notch; to engrave
      刻舟求劍 / 刻舟求剑  ―  kèzhōuqiújiàn  ―  notch the boat in search of the sword
    2. to draw; to adorn
    3. to cut; to scratch
    4. to rigorously demand
    5. to restrict; to limit
    6. to damage; to prejudice
    7. to engrave on one's mind
    8. unkind; sarcastic; caustic
    9. urgent; pressing
    10. assiduous; diligent
    11. moment in time
      此刻  ―  cǐkè  ―  now [lit. this moment]
    12. A unit of time.
      1. (historical) 1⁄100 of one day; 14.4 minutes
      2. (modern) quarter of an hour; 15 minutes

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 刻

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    刻

    (grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. engrave, carve

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 刻 (MC kʰək̚). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄀᆞᆨ (kok) (Yale: kok) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    刻 (eumhun 새길 각 (saegil gak))

    1. Hanja form? of 각 (“engrave, carve”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    刻: Hán Nôm readings: khắc, gắt, khắt, khấc, lắc

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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